Garden cemetery (Hanover)

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Garden cemetery with garden church on the left, Marienstraße behind it

The garden cemetery in Hanover was laid out in 1741 and is located next to the garden church built in 1749 . The cemetery and church are named after the local garden community outside the city wall ring in front of the Aegidientor . The cemetery, which still houses a large number of classical grave monuments, especially from the first half of the 19th century, was closed in 1864 when the new Engesohde city cemetery was built. Today it is a park in the middle of downtown Hanover . The graves of Charlotte Kestner , the archetype of Goethe's “Lotte” from the “ Werther ”, the astronomer Caroline Herschel and the painter Johann Heinrich Ramberg can be found here. The garden cemetery is on Marienstraße between Warmbüchenstraße and Arnswaldtstraße.

history

Photo of the open grave of Henriette Juliane Caroline von Rüling (1756–1782) (grave number 32 ); around 1880
"Giant obelisk " for geodesist Georg Wilhelm Müller , a student of Carl Friedrich Gauß
The cemetery gardener's house built in 1849 in the garden church yard, in the background the hedge walk;
Photograph from around 1885, Hanover Historical Museum

The names "garden cemetery" and "garden church" indicate the origin of the community and its cemetery from the garden community in the 18th century. Today's Südstadt district was in front of the city wall and in front of the Aegidientor and was mainly used by the so-called "gardeners" for growing arable and vegetable crops. This vegetable growers, because of its simple houses, the skating , also known as "Garden Cossacks" (Cossack = corruption of "Kothsassen"), supplied with their products, the city of Hanover. In 1741, the city of Hanover laid out the “New Cemetery in front of the Aegidientor” for this population of the garden suburbs. 1746–1749 Johann Paul Heumann also built the (later so-called) garden church, a simple hall church with a turret, which had to give way to a new building by the architect Rudolph Eberhard Hillebrand in 1887–1891 . At the beginning of the 19th century, however, the cemetery was not only used by gardeners, but also by the bourgeois population of the nearby Aegidienneustadt , built in the middle of the 18th century , the families of civil servants, the military, ministers, professors and councilors, of whichever else today the inscriptions on the tombstones testify. With their artistic use of classical style elements, these tombs represent precisely this middle class class of " pretty families ", as it was called on " Hannöversch ". The grave symbols of this time such as urns, tears, the snake biting its tail (= infinity), butterfly (= metamorphosis) and extinguished torch can be discovered in many variations in the garden cemetery. Not to mention “total works of grave art” such as the tombstone with acanthus leaves and palmettes designed by Georg Ludwig Friedrich Laves for Charlotte Kestner or the stone sarcophagus of Count von Kielmannsegge carried by four sphinxes .

In the 19th century, the developed open grave , about the many horror stories were told at an early tourist - attraction and by extension one of the landmarks of the city of Hanover.

Since the 1950s, the cemetery has been subjected to severe decay, especially as regards the sandstone tombstones and the iron grating. Air pollution, but also vandalism and the abuse of the cemetery as a dog toilet (which continues to this day) contributed to this. Since the old cemetery fence had been melted down during the Second World War , the former grating of the canal bridge in the Hanover district of Vinnhorst was moved here and installed as a fence since 1984 . Joint efforts by various cultural associations finally led to the safeguarding and restoration of the complex. A bronze orientation board in the entrance area, donated by the Rotary Club Hannover-Leineschloß in the mid-1990s, now offers the possibility of a tour of the cemetery along the most important grave monuments still standing. The numbers on this board are identical to those in the booklet of the Green Space Office (see below: literature).

Renaissance garden cemetery

The Union

Sponsorship celebration ; from left: Ingeborg Rupprecht, Ramberg's descendant Jürgen Behrens, the historian Alheidis von Rohr , state superintendent a. D. Dieter Zinßer .

At the beginning of 2011 the group “Renaissance Garden Cemetery” was founded under the umbrella of the Heimatbund Lower Saxony , from which the non-profit association “Renaissance Garden Cemetery eV” was formed in September 2011 . Goals are

  • Upgrading the historical complex,
  • Preservation and restoration of the grave monuments,
  • Arranging sponsorships for individual graves,
  • Cultural use of the garden cemetery through commemorative work on those buried there, readings, concerts or scenic presentations,
  • Exhibitions and presentations on the garden cemetery gem and expansion as a tourist specialty.

Previous sponsorships

  • His great-great-great-grandson Jürgen Behrens took over the sponsorship of the grave of the royal court painter Johann Heinrich Ramberg . The ceremony for the handover of the sponsorship certificate took place on April 14, 2012 in the garden cemetery. Speakers included the historian Alheidis von Rohr , the chairman of the Renaissance Gartenfriedhof eV, Landessuperintendent a. D. Dieter Zinßer and Mayor Bernd Strauch . The celebration was musically accompanied with songs from Ramberg's time by Jan-Henrik Behnken (tenor).
  • There were further sponsorships with the ceremony for the handover of the sponsorship certificates on December 10, 2011 in the garden cemetery. Speakers included the chairman of the Renaissance Gartenfriedhof eV Landessuperintendent a. D. Dieter Zinßer and Mayor Hans Mönninghoff . The tombs were as follows:
  • The sponsorship for the burial site Charlotte Henriette Caroline Kestner, geb. Buff took over the “Ahlers pro Arte” foundation. The ceremony for the handover of the sponsorship certificate took place on September 24, 2011 in the garden cemetery. Speakers included the four-time great-granddaughter of Charlotte Kestner, Christel Thomczyk , for the Jan Ahlers Foundation , the chairman of the Renaissance Gartenfriedhof eV association, Landessuperintendent a. D. Dieter Zinßer , Ingeborg Rupprecht and Lord Mayor Stephan Weil. The celebration was accompanied by a brass trombone choir and Moritz Nikolaus Koch from the Theater für Niedersachsen with short readings from Goethe's Poetry and Truth .

Funerary monuments (selection)

Charlotte Kestner's tomb (No. 29)
Tomb of the Minister of the Ceilings (No. 9)
Tomb of Georg Wilding, Prince of Butera Radali (No. 28)

After the orientation table

The digits correspond to the orientation board in place.

  1. Ernst August Rumann (1745–1827), privy councilor, Minister of Justice
  2. Rudolph Wilhelm Rumann (1784–1857), city director
  3. Christian Philipp Iffland (1750–1835), mayor
  4. Johann Philipp Conrad Falcke (1724–1805), office director, and Ernst Friedrich Hector Falcke (1751–1809), counselor and mayor
  5. August Ulrich von Hardenberg (1709–1778), Hanoverian diplomat, privy councilor and war councilor
  6. Georg Friedrich Grotefend (1775–1853), school director, decipherer of the cuneiform script
  7. Ludewig Johann Georg Mejer (1737–1802), Councilor
  8. Ludwig Friedrich von Beulwitz (1726–1796) and Magdalene Sophie Friederique von Beulwitz, b. von Kipe (1740–1801)
  9. Claus von der Betten (1742–1826), Minister, and Sophie von der Betten, b. von Hanstein (1757–1798)
  10. Johann Benjamin Koppe (1750–1791), court preacher
  11. "Man eater grave" of Heinrich Richard Andreas Jakob Lutz (1728–1794), court carpenter
  12. Johann Christoph Salfeld (1750–1829), preacher
  13. Heinrich Philipp Sextro (1746–1838), professor and dept
  14. Carl Klop (1804–1840), pastor at the garden church
  15. Carl Rudolph August von Kielmannsegge (1731–1810), Minister and President of the Chamber
  16. Ida Arenhold (1798–1863), first head of the Friederikenstift
  17. Johann Daniel Ramberg (1732-1820), Councilor
  18. Johann Heinrich Ramberg (1763–1840), painter
  19. Christian Heinrich Tramm (1819–1861), architect
  20. Heinrich Bernhard Röhrs (1776–1835), businessman and senator (finance)
  21. Caroline Herschel (1750–1848), astronomer
  22. Johann Anton Lammersdorff (1758–1822), doctor and chairman of the Natural History Society of Hanover
  23. Friedrich Wilhelm Christian von Dachenhausen (1791–1855), founder of the trade association
  24. Christian Ludwig Albrecht Patje (1748–1817), civil servant and publicist
  25. Ludwig Albrecht Friedrich Wilhelm Gottfried von Werlhof (1818–1836)
  26. Ernst August von Werlhof (1778–1857), privy councilor
  27. Friedrich Krancke (1782–1852), mathematics teacher
  28. Georg Wilding Prince of Butera Radali (1790–1841)
  29. Charlotte Kestner (1753-1828)
  30. Georg Ludwig Comperl (1797–1859), state master builder
  31. Christian Ludwig August von Arnswaldt (1733–1815), Minister
  32. Henriette Juliane Caroline of Rüling (1756-1782), her open grave became a landmark of the city
  33. Georg Charlotte von Hinüber (1764–1828), general postal director, cabinet and privy councilor, major, diplomat, chancellery auditor and art historian
  34. Ludwig Eberhard Baron of Gemmingen-Hornberg (1719–1782), Minister
  35. Georg Wilhelm Ebell (1696–1770), Abbot of Loccum, founder of the Landschaftliche Brandkasse (grave slab on the inner south wall of the garden church)
  36. Ernst Anton Heiliger (1729–1803), councilor, old town mayor

More graves

Tomb for (Johann) Georg Spangenberg

Lost and other graves (selection)

The lost graves include those of

The tomb was relocated by Adolph von Malortie (1815–1847), Royal Hanover Judiciary and Canon. The hereditary burial founded by his brother Hermann von Malortie was later transferred to the Engesohde city cemetery .

Georg Julius von Hartmann , who died in 1856, was initially buried in the garden cemetery. 1885 his remains were on the city cemetery Engesohde reburied where his grave to honor graves is one of the state capital of Hanover. It can be found in section 35, number 36a – b

The first city director of Hanover, the secret cabinet councilor Georg Ernst Friedrich Hoppenstedt (1779–1858) was buried in the garden cemetery. He later received a memorial inscription on a larger family grave in the Engesohde city cemetery .

See also

literature

  • Conrad von Meding: HAZ interview / More respect for garden cemetery demanded in the Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung on October 19, 2012, last accessed on November 23, 2012.
  • Ludwig Damm: From old cemeteries of the city of Hanover , ed. from the magistrate , Hanover 1914.
  • Alfred Fuhrmann: The garden cemetery in Hanover in historical and art-historical significance . In: Hannoverscher Volks-Kalender . Vol. 62 (1931), pp. 45-51.
  • Arnold Nöldeke : The art monuments of the province of Hanover . 1: Hanover district. Issue 2: City of Hanover. Part 1: Monuments of the "old" city area of ​​Hanover. Hannover 1932, pp. 192-200.
  • Hinrich Hesse : The grave inscriptions of the garden church yard in Hanover . In: Journal of the Society for Church History in Lower Saxony . Vol. 44 (1939), pp. 235-290. (The most detailed list of grave inscriptions before World War II: 450 graves were recorded by the author.)
  • Hans Geiß: The garden cemetery. In: Heimatland , 1983, pp. 1–3.
  • Gerhard Richter: The garden cemetery in Hanover. In: Hannoversche Geschichtsblätter , New Series Volume 38 (1984), pp. 53-76, ISSN  0342-1104 (The investigation and inventory of the garden cemetery almost half a century after Hinrich Hesse resulted in only 402 grave monuments - funded by the Volkswagenwerk Foundation. )
  • Ludwig Wülker: The Hanoverian cemeteries in the course of history. In: Hannoversche Geschichtsblätter , New Series 5 (1939), pp. 76–81.
  • Waldemar R. Röhrbein : From Hanover's old cemeteries . In: Stories about Hanover's churches. Studies, pictures, documents , ed. by Hans Werner Dannowski and Waldemar R. Röhrbein, Hanover: Lutherhaus-Verlag 1983, pp. 97-102 (also about the garden cemetery), ISBN 3-87502-145-2 .
  • Gerd Weiß, Marianne Zehnpfennig: garden church and garden cemetery. In: Monument topography of the Federal Republic of Germany , architectural monuments in Lower Saxony, City of Hanover, Part 1, [Bd.] 10.1 , ISBN 3-528-06203-7 , pp. 65f., As well as Annex Mitte. In: List of architectural monuments according to § 4 (NDSchG) (except for architectural monuments of the archaeological monument preservation), status: July 1, 1985 , City of Hanover, Lower Saxony State Administration Office - Institute for Monument Preservation , p. 3 f.
  • Helmut Knocke , Hugo Thielen : Hanover. Art and culture lexicon. Handbook and city guide . 3rd, rev. Schäfer, Hannover 1995, p. 149.
  • Inge Pusch u. a. (Text): The Garden Cemetery , free brochure from the City of Hanover, Green Space Office Hanover in cooperation with the Press Office Hanover, December 1997,
  • Peter Schulze : Garden cemetery In: Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein (eds.) U. a .: City Lexicon Hanover . From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2009, ISBN 978-3-89993-662-9 , p. 202.
  • Andreas von Hoeren: The garden cemetery in Hanover. In: Reports on the preservation of monuments in Lower Saxony , 4/2015

Web links

Commons : Gartenfriedhof (Hannover)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ State capital Hanover: The garden cemetery (see literature)
  2. ↑ see for example this photo from around 1880
  3. ↑ Dirk Böttcher: Open grave. In: Stadtlexikon Hannover , p. 208
  4. ↑ Who we are ( Memento of the original from April 10, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Bottom of the club  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / gartenfriedhof.npage.de
  5. ↑ a b c d e goals ( memento of the original from March 3, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. of the Renaissance Garden Cemetery Association  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / gartenfriedhof.npage.de
  6. ↑ Press release from the Renaissance Gartenfriedhof eV association on April 14, 2012, photo book from the RG eV association
  7. ↑ Press release of the Renaissance Gartenfriedhof eV association on December 10, 2011, photo book at the RG eV association
  8. ↑ Press release from the Renaissance Gartenfriedhof eV association on September 24, 2011, photo book from the RG eV association
  9. ↑ Hans Otte : Koppe, Johann Benjamin. In: Dirk Böttcher, Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein, Hugo Thielen: Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon . From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2002, ISBN 3-87706-706-9 , pp. 208f. u.ö., online
  10. ↑ Dirk Böttcher: LUTZ, Heinrich Richard Andreas Jakob. In: Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon , p. 241
  11. ^ Klaus Mlynek: Kielmannsegg (e), Counts of, (1) Carl Rudolph August. In: Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon , p. 198 and others, online
  12. ↑ Dirk Böttcher: Lammersdorf, (1) Johann Anton. In: Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon , p. 220, online via Google books
  13. ^ Klaus Mlynek : Patje, Christian Ludwig Albrecht , in Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon , p. 280 etc., online via Google books
  14. ↑ Dirk Böttcher : Open grave. In: Stadtlexikon Hannover , p. 208
  15. ↑ a b c Hans-Gerrit Vogt: Gravestones at the garden cemetery Hanover (PDF document with cross-references) updated in December 2016, last accessed on April 7, 2017
  16. ^ B. Paulson: Photos of the tombs and copies after Hesse by Georg Ludwig Hansen and Margarethe Christine, née von der Vecken
  17. ↑ Dirk Böttcher: Hogrefe (Hogreve, Hograewe), Johann Ludwig. In: Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon , p. 175; Preview over google books
  18. ↑ Compare the inscription on the tomb in the garden cemetery in Hanover; Photo and copy also as PDF document on the Gartenfriedhof.de website
  19. ^ Klaus Mlynek: Arnswaldt, (2) Karl Friedrich Alexander, Frhr. von , in: Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon , p. 33
  20. ↑ Dirk Böttcher: MÜHRY, (2) Georg Friedrich. In: Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon , p. 261
  21. ↑ Dirk Böttcher: MÜHRY, (3) Carl GH In: Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon , p. 261
  22. ↑ Compare, for example, the information provided by the German National Library
  23. ↑ Dirk Böttcher: SPANGENBERG; Johann Georg. In: Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon , p. 339
  24. ↑ a b Helmut Knocke: Taentzel, Tän (t) zel. In: Stadtlexikon Hannover , p. 619
  25. ↑ Klaus Mlynek: SCHAUMANN, August .... In: Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon , p. 310
  26. ↑ Ernst von Malortie : Historical news of the family von Malortie from 1132-1872. Klindworth's Hof-Druckerei, Hannover 1872, p. 89 and other; Digitized via Google Books
  27. ^ Klaus Mlynek : Hartmann, (1) Georg Julius von. In: Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon , p. 152
  28. ↑ . O V. : Project Scientific viewing eponymous personalities. Final report. Recommendations of the Advisory Board , ed. from the state capital Hanover, Central Affairs Culture, Urban Remembrance Culture, Hanover: LHH, September 2018, Annex 2: List of honorary graves (as of September 2015); also as a PDF document from hannover.de
  29. ↑ top v .: Graves of honor and graves of important personalities at the Engesohde city cemetery , 3 pages DIN A 4, Hanover: Landeshauptstadt Hannover, Städtische Friedhöfe, status: July 2013
  30. ↑ Compare this photo documentation

Coordinates: 52 ° 22 ′ 12 ″  N , 9 ° 44 ′ 52 ″  E