St. Marien garden church

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St. Marien garden church in Hanover

The garden church St. Marien is the church of the Evangelical Lutheran garden church community in the Warmbüchenviertel in Hanover 's Mitte district . It is located on Marienstraße in the middle of the garden cemetery with classical grave monuments from the 19th century .

The garden church community "wants to be an ecumenical church community under the model of Protestant catholicity" (self- statement ).

history

Garden parish

The still undestroyed church a few years after its new building;
Postcard number 110 from Ludwig Hemmer

The parish of the Gartenkirche was founded in 1746 as the first parish outside the city walls for the residents of the garden district , i.e. the area between the city ​​walls and the Landwehr , who lived in the area between Döhrener Turm and Lister Turm , at that time around 1,300 people. This garden people in the vernacular garden Cossack ( Cossack is a corruption of mud-Sassen , so the inhabitants of small huts or cottages ) were called, small farmers who supplied the city of Hanover with fruits and vegetables were. They had leased their land from the citizens, some of whom also owned their summer houses here in the area in front of the Aegidientor . Since the gardeners did not belong to any of the city parishes, a new parish and a church in front of the Aegidientor were founded on the initiative of the consistorial director Johann Peter Tappe and the mayor Christian Ulrich Grupen . Johann Hinrich Carstens was appointed the first pastor , and the new congregation met on September 15, 1746 in the Zum wilden Mann inn (today at the corner of Marienstraße / Höltystraße).

Previous buildings

One of the previous buildings was the Liebfrauenkapelle , built in the late Middle Ages until 1354 , of which at least one sandstone relief has been preserved.

First garden church

Garden cemetery in front of the garden church, Marienstraße behind it

The Magistrate of the City of Hanover donated part of the existing garden cemetery to the community as a building site, where the first church was built from 1746 to 1749 by the master builder Johann Paul Heumann . It was a simple hall building, 110 feet long, 55 feet wide and 21 feet high, which stood on what was then Wolfsgraben (the course of today's Marienstrasse). The construction was financed by donations from the city and the royal family, but also by the sale of 36 burial vaults to wealthy citizens, to whom the tombstone of Georg Wilhelm Ebell , the abbot of Loccum and founder of the regional fire fund in the south wall inside today's garden church remind.

The assessor and land rent master Albrecht Christoph von Wüllen acquired the first grave vault of the first garden church in front of Hanover, in which he had his daughter, who died shortly after birth, buried on May 17, 1749.

The church was initially called The New Church in front of Hanover , because "it was otherwise used to name the garden church in a not so decent way" , as Pastor Carstens wrote, but this improper name garden church soon caught on.

Today's garden church

Altar of the garden church

Due to the industrialization and the development of Hanover into a big city, especially in the second half of the 19th century, the number of inhabitants also grew strongly - by 1870 the community had 20,000 members. Several new church congregations emerged from the garden church congregation:

  • 1876 Trinity Church in the Oststadt
  • 1883 Petrikirche in Kleefeld
  • 1886 Pauluskirche in Südstadt

The old garden church had become dilapidated and too small for the number of parishioners and was demolished in 1886. Between 1887 and 1891, the architect Rudolph Eberhard Hillebrand built a neo-Gothic hall church made of Deister sandstone, which was inaugurated on February 8, 1891. The glass painter Alexander Linnemann from Frankfurt created the 3 choir windows.

Further new communities were founded afterwards:

  • 1907 Nazareth Church in the southern part of the city
  • 1908 St. Mark's Church in the List
  • 1927 Friedenskirche in the zoo quarter
  • 1936 Bugenhagen Church (Südstadt)
  • 1954 Melanchthon Church (Bult)

Eight round windows in today's nave of the garden church remind of these eight subsidiary communities.

The church was of extraordinary dimensions, both on the outside with its almost 85 meter high tower, the moon clock on the church tower (a hemisphere, half covered with gold leaf, half painted black; it shows the phases of the moon, driven by a clockwork, and still exists today) , the stair towers and the diverse roof landscape with roof turrets and eyelashes. The church also had the largest organ in Hanover, built by P. Furtwängler & Hammer , which made the garden church one of the centers of Hanoverian church music in the 1930s. a. by the organist Walter Schindler. Everything fell into flames on the night of October 8th to 9th, 1943, when bombs severely damaged the church and the burning spire fell into the cemetery. However, the vaulted ceiling held up, and the altar, pulpit and baptismal font were also preserved.

The second garden church was badly damaged in one of the air raids on Hanover in October 1943 . As early as 1945 the church council made the decision to rebuild the garden church, the re-inauguration on Maundy Thursday, April 14, 1949 by regional bishop Lilje. The reconstruction dragged on until the end of the 1950s. The re-erection of the tower spire and the roof turret was omitted. There were also the stained glass windows in the chancel by the Hanoverian artist Ruth Margraf (they show the biblical stories of Jesus' walk on the sea, the prodigal son and the Good Samaritan). In 1960 Friedrich Wilhelm Schilling cast five bells out of bronze in the striking tones c sharp 1 , e 1 , f sharp 1 , g sharp 1 and b 1 . The inappropriateness of the reconstruction in the 1950s, which in some cases resembled the destruction of the neo-Gothic furnishings, was evident during the restoration and renovation of the interior of the church between 2001 and 2003, when the condition of the Hillebrand church building could be partially restored.

organ

View of the main organ

The organ , built by Paul Ott , has been restored and expanded and returned to the organ loft on the west side back - except for the Rückpositiv , which expanded to include a bass register as a choir organ remained on the north gallery and a separate game table radio-controlled can be played. The organ has a total of 61 registers (3960 pipes), divided into four manuals and pedal . The main organ has mechanical key action and electrical stop action , the choir organ has electrical action .

I main work C – f 3
Drone 16 ′
Principal 08th'
Gemshorn 08th'
Dumped 08th'
octave 04 ′
Reed flute 04 ′
Nasat 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
octave 02 ′
third 01 3 ⁄ 5  ′
Mixture VI 01 1 ⁄ 3  ′
Trumpet 16 ′
Trumpet 08th'
Tremulant
II Oberwerk C – f 3
Capstan flute 8th'
Principal 4 ′
Dumped 4 ′
Rohrnasat 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
octave 2 ′
third 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
Fifth flute 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
Seventh 1 1 ⁄ 7  ′
None 08 ⁄ 9 ′
Mixture V 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
Vox humana 8th'
Tremulant
III Swell C – f 3
Music-playing 08th'
Quintad 08th'
Salicional 08th'
Night horn 04 ′
recorder 02 ′
Fifth 01 1 ⁄ 3  ′
Oktavlein 001 ⁄ 2 ′
Zimbel IV 002 ⁄ 3 ′
Krummhorn 16 ′
musette 08th'
Tremulant
IV choir organ C – f 3
Reed flute 08th'
Pointed 08th'
Prefix 04 ′
Hollow flute 04 ′
octave 02 ′
Fifth 01 1 ⁄ 3  ′
octave 01'
Sesquialter II 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
Sharp IV-VI 01'
Rankett 16 ′
Bear whistle 08th'
Tremulant

Pedal choir organ C – f 1
Sub bass 16 ′
Pedals C – f 1
Pedestal 32 ′
Principal 16 ′
Sub bass 16 ′
octave 08th'
Pommer 08th'
octave 04 ′
recorder 04 ′
Reed flute 02 ′
Night horn 01'
Rauschpfeife IV 04 ′
Mixture IV 02 ′
trombone 16 ′
Dulcian 16 ′
Trumpet 08th'
zinc 04 ′
Tremulant
  • Coupling : II / I, III-I, III / II, VI-I, I / P, II / P, III / P, IV / P
  • Playing aids : 4000-fold typesetting system, floppy disk drive, sequencer

Chrysogonos relief

Chrysogonos relief

Inside the garden church, in a niche on the south wall (near the pulpit), the late Gothic sandstone relief of Chrysogonos is attached. It presumably comes from the Liebfrauenkapelle built around 1500 in front of the Aegidientor , so to a certain extent a predecessor of the garden church. It then came to the Marienkapelle, which was also located in front of the Aegidientor (e.g. in the area of ​​today's Theater am Aegi ) and was later demolished due to the expansion of the city fortifications. The only incompletely preserved relief, which was built into the outer wall of the garden church (at the former south entrance to Marienstraße) until the last renovation in 2001/03, shows the three saints Chrysogonos , Katharina and Konrad von Konstanz (the latter without upper body), the calendar saints the three days from November 24th to 26th, 1490, when the city of Hanover succeeded in repelling an attack by Duke Heinrichs the Elder. In gratitude, this relief was dedicated to the three saints, which represents a piece of the city history of Hanover turned into stone (cf. the Siebenmannstein at the Aegidienkirche ). An icon was added to the Chrysogonos relief on November 25, 2015 - for the 525th anniversary of the event. The icon, created by the Hanoverian artist Nikola Sarić , has the same external dimensions as the relief and shows the same saints. It was consecrated as part of an ecumenical service by the priests of the Serbian Orthodox and Greek Orthodox congregations in Hanover.

Personalities

literature

  • Hans Ulrich Strümpel: St. Marien Garden Church Hanover: History, People, Pictures , Berlin: Culturcon Medien, 2016, ISBN 978-3-944068-56-5 and ISBN 3-944068-56-4 ; contents
  • St. Marien garden church. Festschrift for the 250th anniversary of the founding of the parish. September 15, 1746 - September 15, 1996 . Hanover: Ev.-luth. Gartenkirchen community St. Marien 1996. (In it p. 7-19: Herbert Naglatzki: Our community in the past and present).
  • Helmut Knocke , Hugo Thielen : Hanover. Art and culture lexicon. Handbook and city guide . 3rd, rev. Hannover: Schäfer 1995, pp. 149–150, ISBN 3-88746-313-7 .
  • Christian Weisker: St. Marien garden church . In: Hanover's churches. 140 churches in and around town . Edited by Wolfgang Puschmann. Hermannsburg: Ludwig-Harms-Haus 2005, pp. 86–89, ISBN 3-937301-35-6 .
  • Garden church: mother of many parishes . In: Churches, monasteries, chapels in the Hanover region . Sascha Aust (among others). Photographs by Thomas Langreder. Hanover: Lutherisches Verlagshaus 2005, pp. 53–56, ISBN 3-7859-0924-1 .
  • Axel Fischer: Wake up, you German country! Church music in Hanover - two examples . In: cultural expulsion. The influence of National Socialism on art and culture in Lower Saxony. A documentation for the exhibition of the same name . Edited by Hinrich Bergmeier and Günter Katzenberger. Hamburg: Dölling and Galitz 1993, pp. 130-133, ISBN 3-926174-70-6 (About the organists Herrmann Dettmer and Walter Schindler).
  • Hans Ulrich Strümpel: On the building history of the ev.-luth. St. Marien garden church in Hanover . Hanover 2003.
  • Garden Church St. Marien Hannover . Little art guide. Regensburg: Schnell & Steiner 2006, ISBN 3-7954-6585-0 .
  • Karl-Heinz Grotjahn: St. Marien Garden Church In: Stadtlexikon Hannover , p. 202.
  • Wolfgang Puschmann : St. Marien garden church. In: Hanover's churches. 140 churches in and around town . Edited by Wolfgang Puschmann. Hermannsburg: Ludwig-Harms-Haus 2005, pp. 12–15, ISBN 3-937301-35-6 .

archive

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hans Ulrich Strümpel: The late medieval predecessor buildings , in this: St. Marien Garden Church Hanover: History, People, Images , Berlin: Culturcon Medien, 2016, ISBN 978-3-944068-56-5 and ISBN 3-944068-56- 4 , p. 6
  2. ^ Heinrich Ahrens : History of the garden community in the Königl. Residence city of Hanover. For the good of the St. Pauluskirche in Hanover , Hanover: Schlütersche Buchdruckerei, 1883, p. 12
  3. ↑ More information on the organ of the garden church
  4. ↑ P. Dietmar Dohrmann: 525 years Chrysogonus stone. In: Our garden church - community letter of the Ev.-luth. St. Marien Garden Church , Sept.-Dec. 2015, p. 2; [1]  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.gartenkirche.de  
  5. ^ Karl-Friedrich Oppermann : JACOBSHAGEN, Paul Friedrich Hermann. In: Dirk Böttcher , Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein, Hugo Thielen: Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon . From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2002, ISBN 3-87706-706-9 , p. 185; online through google books

Web links

Commons : Gartenkirche St. Marien (Hanover)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 52 ° 22 ′ 10 "  N , 9 ° 44 ′ 50"  E