Hanstein (noble family)

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Coat of arms of those of Hanstein

Hanstein is the name of an old noble family from the Eichsfeld . Later, the Lords of Hanstein also acquired property and prestige in Hesse , Thuringia and Pomerania . Branches of the family still exist today.

history

origin

Zu Rusteberg , members of the family originally held the office of vice-dominus of the Archbishops of Mainz
Hanstein Castle , the later eponymous ancestral seat
View from Hanstein Castle over Bornhagen into the Upper Leine Valley

The family was first mentioned in 1122 with "Lamberdus vicedominus " in Rusteberg as a witness in a document from the Archbishop of Mainz for the Hasungen Monastery . Another early member of the family was "Theodorico vicedomino" in Apolda , Archbishop of Mainz Ministerial , who appears in a document in 1171. He is named there as the son of "Heidenrico vicedomino" in Rusteberec and brother of "Helmwico". A Helwig (1196 to 1203 Vizedom on the Rusteberg) sells the "Old Castle" near Heiligenstadt to the Catherine's Monastery in Eisenach , some goods in Geisleden and half a Hufe plus farm in Uder. In 1241 the abbess Adelheid sells it back to the Vizedom Heidenreich. "Theodericus vicedominus de Rustberge" and "Heithenricus de Hanenstenge", brother of "Geismar", appear in a document on December 31, 1235 and January 1, 1236 at Hasungen. The line of trunks begins with "Heithenricus", who is the first to call himself von Hanstein .

Hanstein Castle , the family seat of the same name, is located near Bornhagen in what is now the Thuringian district of Eichsfeld . The castle was originally owned by the Counts of Northeim . In 1209 it came to the Archbishops of Mainz, who gave it to the grandchildren of Heithenricus, Heinrich the Elder and Lippold, in 1308 with all accessories as a backrest .

Spread and lines

Heinrich died without descendants, but Lippold was able to continue the tribe. His grandchildren, Lippold the younger and Dittmar, became the founders of the two main lines of the family, the Lippolds- or Besenhauser line, named after the estate of the same name near Friedland , and the Dittmars- or Ershauser line, named after the current district of Schimberg .

The Lippolds line was divided into an older and a younger branch. Caspar († 1603), son of Lippold and descendant in the 6th generation of Lippold, the founder of this line, was a supervisor in the county of Henneberg and founded the older branch. Another son of Lippold, Melchior, became the founder of the younger branch. The Dittmars line also formed two branches, which were founded by the sons of Heinrich von Hanstein, descendant of Dittmar in the 4th generation. The sons of Georg Thilo von Hanstein († 1632), Jobst Dietrich and Georg Burchard, divided the first branch into two branches. Georg Burchard von Hanstein's great-grandsons Otto, Werner and Heinrich von Hanstein then divided the second branch into three further branches.

Around the middle of the 16th century, the members of the family had left Hanstein Castle and settled in the area. Thus, the needle seats and emerged estates to Bornhagen , upper - and lower stone and broom Hausen (before 1307-1896), the goods in Wahlhausen and Werleshausen at the Werra , Rothenbach and the distant possessions to Ershausen and Wiesenfeld . Later it was also possible to acquire real estate in the duchies of Saxony-Weimar ( Oberellen Castle ) and Saxony-Meiningen ( Henfstädt ) and in the Principality of Anhalt , such as Gut Einberg (Rödental) in 1620 . More recently, relatives in Pomerania in the Stolp district and in East Prussia were wealthy. In the Kingdom of Hanover , they belonged to the rural nobility of the Göttingen countryside because they owned an estate in Friedland .

As early as the 18th century, the Lords of Hanstein belonged to the Imperial Knighthood in the Rhenish Knight Circle . At the end of the 17th to the beginning of the 18th century they were also enrolled in the knightly canton of Rhön-Werra in the Franconian knight circle .

A family association has existed since 1447.

Status surveys

Count of Pölzig

The line founded by Alexander Freiherr von Hanstein (1804-1884) from Coburg, since 1826 counts , expired in 1903. Alexander was the stable master of Duke Ernst I of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld and had an affair with Luise von Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg , Duke Ernst's young wife. After it became known, Luise had to leave the Duchy in 1824 and was assigned the Principality of Lichtenberg . Alexander followed her. After the death of Duke Friedrich IV , Luise became the sole heir of the House of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg , but waived her claims and was made Princess of Lichtenberg in return. On March 31, 1826, she divorced Duke Ernst. Alexander was raised to the rank of count by Duke Friedrich von Sachsen-Altenburg on July 19, 1826 to create the status-related requirements for a marriage with Luise . He was assigned the small county of Pölzig and Beiersdorf , located between Gera and Altenburg . In return for the county and the title of count, he had to hand over his own estates to Duke Ernst. The marriage between Count Alexander von Pölzig and Luise Duchess of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, concluded on October 18, 1826 in St. Wendel , remained childless. After Luise's death (August 30, 1831) the principality returned to Duke Ernst and Alexander married the 21-year-old Marie Therese von Carlowitz from Greiz on April 18, 1833 . The marriage resulted in two daughters and a son.

A “legitimized” line

According to tradition, there is also a relationship to a line that has carried the coat of arms of the ancient noble family of the same name for several generations . The progenitor of this branch Franz Hanstein († 1637) was a civil servant at the mill office in Braunschweig and allegedly a son of Kurt von Hanstein († 1599) in Witzenhausen and Frielingen . A Prussian nobility recognition by the highest cabinet order as von Hanstein took place on February 12, 1855 in Berlin for the Prussian major Emil Hanstein, who was out of service . His brother Hermann Hanstein, pastor at the Invalides , was on February 26, 1870 Berlin, his brother Johannes Hanstein, university professor, on May 18, 1881 Berlin, his brother Ludwig Hanstein, pastor at the Invalides, on 13 August 1880 Babelsberg and his brother Wolfgang Hanstein, pastor and superintendent out of service, together with his sister Emilie Hanstein, the nobility recognized on May 18, 1881.

Manors

The Oberstein manor around 1904
The manor in Werleshausen , rebuilt in 1556 by the von Hanstein family after a fire

With the loss of the defensive function of Hanstein Castle at the end of the Middle Ages and the cramped living conditions for the von Hanstein families, the castle was abandoned at the beginning of the 16th century and the individual families settled in existing estates in some villages or built new manors and manors. The following is a list of the manors and estates of those von Hanstein im Eichsfeld:

  • Besenhausen (1362-today)
  • former Abbey Estate Beuren (1808-)
  • Bornhagen (7 noble seats): (Bornhof, Junkerhof, two Koburger Höfe, Ratshof, Steinscher Hof, Unterhof)
  • Dietzenrode (1366 to 1814)
  • Ershausen Oberhof and Unterhof (1476-)
  • Fretterode (1364-1814)
  • Geismar (1380-1814)
  • Great potter
  • Hohengandern (1486-)
  • Lenterode
  • Lindewerra
  • Oberstein and Unterstein (1373-1945)
  • Rothenbach (1362-1945)
  • Rumerode (1306-)
  • Sickerode
  • Wahlhausen (3 estates): (1291), Unterhof until 1945, Oberhof
  • Werleshausen
  • Wiesenfeld (1380-1818)

coat of arms

Coat of arms in Siebmacher's coat of arms book 1605

Family coat of arms

Blazon of the family coat of arms : “In silver three (2/1) increasing black crescent moon . On the silver-black puffed, looking pot helmet (on a leaning shield) with black-silver blankets, a growing , conical, silver column topped with three black and two silver cock feathers alternately, set on the side with an increasing and decreasing black crescent moon. "

For the coat of arms in Siebmacher's coat of arms book of 1605, the blazon reads: “In silver three (2/1) black crescent moons , increasing, decreasing and floating. On the looking blue Spangenhelm with black and silver covers a round silver column with five black feathers on top with a bead on the base, on the side with an increasing and decreasing black crescent moon. "

Due to the similarity of the coat of arms, a tribal relationship with the von Bodenhausen from the nearby Bodenhausen near Göttingen is likely.

Local and municipal coats of arms

Elements from the coat of arms of the Hanstein family, the three crescent moon, still appear in some Thuringian and Franconian municipal coats of arms .

Known family members

Noble court Hanstein

After the Hanstein Castle was taken over by the Lords of Hanstein, they initially only owned the castle and the associated market (Rimbach) and the district of Bornhagen and part of the Höheberg . The Hansteiners were able to expand their influence until finally in the 16th century more than 20 villages and estates were counted in the Hanstein judicial district: von Arenshausen in the north-west, Thalwend in the north-east, Wiesenfeld in the south-east and Werleshausen in the south-west. Other places that no longer exist today (Schelmerode, Hottenrode, Bösenrode Friedrichshausen and others) also belonged to the von Hanstein family. In other villages they owned goods and rights (e.g. in Siemerode , Ershausen , Geismar ). With the feudal letters of the Kurmainzer sovereigns, as well as Hessian (via Wüstheuterode ) and Brunswick feudal letters, the Hanstein family also received jurisdiction. The castle itself was probably never the place of jurisdiction, in the northeastern village of Friedrichshausen there is said to have been an old place of justice before the place fell into desolation in the 14th century. In the 16th century, Schwobfeld and Gerbershausen were known as places of justice, in the centrally located Gerbershausen court was held for about 200 years before it was moved to Wahlhausen in 1771 . The exact location of the place of execution or the gallows is not documented in writing, but a gallows hill is known north of Bornhagen. The associated prisons were initially located at Hanstein Castle and later in the courts of Gerbershausen and Wahlhausen. The Hanstein General Court was subordinate to the Higher Regional Court , which was relocated to Heiligenstadt in 1540 and was amended by Kurmainzian court orders in 1541, 1600 and 1779. The highest authority was the upper court of the Archbishop of Mainz.

For the places Schachtebich (from Bodenhausen until 1734) and Großtöpfer (from Topphere until 1465, enfeoffment by Kurmainz in 1479) with Lehna (1496), the von Hanstein had separate courts with a court and place of execution at Großtöpfer. The Hanstein court existed until the conquest of Prussia by Napoleon in 1806. In 1815 all three courts were re-established and merged into the Von Hanstein Patrimonial Court . Until 1849 there was the Hansteinsche Patrimonial General Court in the Oberhof manor in Wahlhausen, consisting of a judicial officer or judge, an actuary, two chancellery lists and court messengers as well as a judicial commissioner.

literature

The family archive of those von Hanstein auf Besenhausen is now administered in the State Archive of Saxony-Anhalt .

Web links

Commons : Hanstein (noble family)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Certificate book of Eichsfeld 1. S. 29. Number 47.
  2. Certificate book of Eichsfeld 1. S. 74. Number 126.
  3. ^ Johann Wolf: History and description of the city of Heiligenstadt with documents. Göttingen 1800, page 177
  4. Document book of Eichsfeld 1. S. 150–151. Number 263, 265.
  5. a b c New general German nobility lexicon. Volume 4, pp. 190-192.
  6. ^ Gerhard Köbler : Historical Lexicon of the German Lands. The German territories from the Middle Ages to the present. 7th, completely revised edition. CH Beck, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-406-54986-1 , p. 253.
  7. ^ Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels (= Adelslexikon ) Volume IV, Volume 67 of the complete series, p. 429.
  8. ^ Johann Wolf: History and description of the city of Heiligenstadt with documents. Göttingen 1800, § 6, page 12 (Helmvicus advocatus de Heilgenstadt)
  9. Hans-Dieter von Hanstein: overview of the history of the family of Hanstein in Castle Hanstein. On the 700-year history of a border fortress in Eichsfeld. Mecke Duderstadt 2008, page 25
  10. a b c Bernhard sacrifice man : shaping the calibration field. St. Benno-Verlag Leipzig and Verlag FW Cordier Heiligenstadt 1968
  11. ^ Friedrich Rehm: Handbook of the history of both Hesse. Volume 1 Marburg-Leipzig 1842, page 270
  12. Short biography: Hermann von Hanstein (* 1809 in Löwenberg; † 1878 in Berlin), genre, landscape and portrait painter, miniaturist, watercolorist, porcelain painter, pupil of Wilhelm Herbig in Berlin, alternately active in Berlin and Düsseldorf, 1828–1877 regularly represented at the Berlin Academy exhibitions.
  13. ^ Marie von Hanstein , on literaturport.de
  14. Hans-Dieter von Hanstein: "The Semmelhansloch" on the Hanstein General Court. in Hanstein Castle. On the 700-year history of a border fortress in Eichsfeld. Mecke-Druck-und-Verlag, Duderstadt (Eichsfeld) 2008, pp. 145–187
  15. Levin von Wintzingeroda-Knorr : Die Wüstungen des Eichsfeldes: Directory of the desert areas, prehistoric ramparts, mines, courts of law and waiting areas within the districts of Duderstadt, Heiligenstadt, Mühlhausen and Worbis. O. Hendel, Göttingen 1903, pp. 327-329
  16. About the earlier von Hanstein'sche Patrimonial-Gesamt -gericht in Wahlhausen an der Werra. In: Eichsfelder Heimatzeitschrift, Mecke Duderstadt 2017, issue 1, pages 6-9