Anrode Monastery

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Anrode Monastery (lithograph, 19th century)
Probstei / manor house and church with abbey

The monastery Anrode is a former Cistercian - Abbey in the village of Anrode in Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis (Thuringia).

location

The Anrode Monastery is located about one kilometer west of Bickenriede on a narrow mountain tongue between the Luhne in the north and the Gießgraben in the south.

history

Anrode Monastery, painting by Otto Tomasczek

The monastery Anrode was probably in 1267 by the Cistercian nuns of the Abbey Beuren founded. The land required for this was owned by a councilor Heinrich Kämmerer of the neighboring imperial city of Mühlhausen ; it was on the edge of the village of Anrode , which existed under the name "Anninrod" until the 13th century. In 1311 the Anrode Abbey contributed to the settlement of the Worbis Monastery . Although Anrode Monastery was destroyed and rebuilt both in the Peasants 'War in 1525 and in the Thirty Years' War , the place retained its monastic status and reached a final boom in the 17th century. Even in the following time, the monastery did not manage to fully recover. In 1810 the nunnery was closed in the course of secularization .

In 1811 the monastery was sold to Johann Franz Justus von Wedemeyer . The estate belonged to the von Wedemeyer family until 1886, then to the Wiersdorff family until 1927. They used the monastery buildings and lands for agriculture. During this time, the fast-moving canteen Ernst stays in Anrode. Between 1935 and 1957 there was a flat roastery here. From 1957, a rope factory was set up in the former monastery buildings as a branch of VEB Sponeta Schlotheim , which existed until 1990. In 1993 the monastery was bought by the municipality of Bickenriede and has been restored since then mainly with state and federal funds.

Anrode village

Before the Anrode Monastery was founded, there was already a larger village settlement at the same location. The settlement of the "Rode" place can be assumed for a period from the 10th century. The village of Aninnrod was first mentioned in a document in March 1197. The village belonged to the former castle district Velsecke / Gleichenstein . More frequent documentary mentions can only be found from 1267 in connection with the founding of the monastery. In 1268 Heinrich Kämmerer von Mühlhausen donated the church and 10 Hufen land in villa Anninrod to the monastery . The church was presumably consecrated in the name of St. John.

By 1301, the monastery owned all of the lands and farms in the area around Anrode, that is about 20 ½ Hufen of farmland, forest and a mill. This land came from the possession of various noble families, such as the treasurers in Mühlhausen, the Landgrave Albert of Thuringia, the Count of Gleichenstein , the Lords of Küllstedt and Stein . Presumably during this period the village also fell in desolation or was dissolved in the monastery area.

It is not known whether the Günzburg, named immediately west of Anrode, was a castle. Archaeological finds for the village settlement are not known and can no longer be expected due to the subsequent construction work on the monastery.

Anrode monastery and patrimonial court

The judicial district of the Anrode monastery in 1759

The neighboring Bickenriede (1344), Bebendorf (1381) and, in exchange with the St. Martinsstift in Heiligenstadt, the churches on the Hülfensberg (1357) and in Geismar (later to the von Hanstein family) belonged to the monastery court district . The monastery had lower jurisdiction over these places and other possessions. The former inn and court house for the administration of the Anrode court is located directly at the Struther Tor, which is no longer in existence today . At the end of the 18th century, Johann Franz Ignaz Strecker was an actuary at the monastery.

After Franz Jost von Wedemeyer bought the monastery property from the government of the Kingdom of Westphalia in 1811 , in 1829 he was given the status of a manor and jurisdiction over the estate residents. The Anrode Patrimonial Court was dissolved in 1849. The written record of 2.2 linear meters from the period (1572) 1803 to 1859 is administered at the Wernigerode location of the Saxony-Anhalt State Archives .

Abbesses of Anrode

The following abbesses are known:

  • 1303 Johanne von Worbis
  • 1306 Sidonie von Gerterode
  • 1346 Adelheid von Gerterode
  • 1356 Else of Mila
  • 1381 Adelheid von Gerterode
  • 1475 N. of Bodenhausen
  • 1495 Elisabeth von Eschwege
  • 1508 Anna of Adelepsen
  • 1525–1531 Elisabeth Luchtewald
  • 1534–1547 Appolonia Uderstedt
  • 1548–1554 Elisabeth von Eschwege
  • 1556–1575 Anna von Hanstein
  • 1585–1598 Anna Ludwig, 1588 Katharina Stapel
  • 1601–1609 Katharina Koch
  • 1623-1636? Agnes Merker
  • 1635? –1672 Margarethe Koch
  • 1673–1678 Christina Franziska Multhauf
  • 1719–1760 Benigna Funke
  • 1760–1768 Josepha Degenhard
  • 1768–1777 Anna Cäcilia Dietrich
  • 1777–1790 Bernarda Kopp
  • 1791–1810 Rosalia Engelhardt

The monastery complex and its buildings

A closed courtyard with gatehouses, barns and stables bordered the monastery. The entire system has largely been preserved.

1. Propstei / manor house

  • built from 1652 to 1654, total quarry stone construction over three floors
  • During the time of the monastery, the provost, chaplain, forester and a servant lived in, from 1811 the manor house, later an apartment
  • Basement: paved kitchen, pantry / milk room, four large cellars; first floor: dining room, five rooms, six chambers; second floor: large hall, seven rooms, three chambers; Top floor: two rooms, seven chambers
  • 2008/2009 renovation by the municipality of Anrode (roof / roof construction)
  • the following provosts are known:
    • 1577–1585 David Böddener as secular head of the monastery and 1585–1612 provost
    • 1744–1760 Adam cold water
    • 1760–1788 Anselmus Hunold
    • 1789–1809 Stephanus Mande

2. Pub and court house

  • Built in the Middle Ages, in the walls on the side of the road there is a stone relief with a crucifixion group from the 15th century
  • 1998/1999 renovation by the municipality of Anrode (roof / roof construction, removal of non-historical, later added components)
  • stone ground floor: originally a slaughterhouse, wash house and bakery as well as bathing room; second floor: large court room, six further rooms and chambers; third floor: three rooms and five chambers; Top floor: granary; spacious cellars for supplies, beer cans (for home-brewed beer) and cured meat cans; one large and several small dining rooms

3. Abbey / Rempter

  • in the 13./14. Built in the 17th century, at right angles between the inn, the court house and the church
  • 1998/1999 renovation by the municipality of Anrode (roof and roof construction, removal of non-historical, later added components)
  • East side with oak half-timbering and decorative oriel, renovated in 1678
  • brick terrace, built after 1810
  • Ground floor: Rempter , the nuns' dining and ballroom, extends to the second floor; there the abbess's room, warming room; third floor: five rooms for sick and decrepit nuns
  • A large fireplace was built in so that it heated the sacristy on the ground floor, the chapter house on the second floor and the rooms on the third floor. Medieval underfloor heating was discovered during archaeological excavations.
  • after 1810 administrator's apartment, later forester's apartment, then office and apartment
  • In the building is the largest medieval hypocaust heater in Thuringia , which at the time heated the dining room and the dormitory.

4. Church , John the Baptist and the Apostle Andrew ordained

  • single-aisled hall building, oriented from west to east, windows in the east and north sides (formerly with famous chiver glazing, Chi = X)
  • Devastated in the Peasants 'War in 1525, the entire monastery property burned to the ground by arson, renovated in 1610 and destroyed again in the Thirty Years' War, rebuilt and consecrated from 1670 to 1693 by Antonio Petrini
  • 1811 profane , the works of art and the inventory were distributed to needy churches Eichsfeld
  • The Marien Altar, made in 1698, came to the church in Struth
  • The baroque altar of the monastery church (from the beginning of the 18th century) was moved to the church in Wiesenfeld .
  • The artistically significant coffered ceiling from 1656 with around 60 paintings depicting the 12 apostles , angels and the Trinity came to the Church of St. Nikolaus in Siemerode in 1950 .
  • later wheelwright workshop, supervisor's room, woodshed, granary, milk room, workshop, storage room
  • The hobby carver Günther Leister donated the crucifix on the outer wall to the Anrode Monastery in April 1998 (see the inscription on the wall).
  • 1998/1999 renovation by the municipality of Anrode (roof and roof construction, removal of non-historical, later added components)
  • 2002 renovation of the church portal, installation of the large church door
  • When digging the foundation, experts came across bones. They come from Cistercians who were buried in such a way that they were wetted by the rainwater running off - as a symbol of holy water .

5. Former nun house

  • adjoins the church, partly demolished and rebuilt in the 20th century due to disrepair
  • used to be just as high and wide as the church, the ground floor was massive, the two upper floors were half-timbered, the oak wood on the south side was richly carved; deep vaulted cellars that used to have access from the former churchyard (cellar built in 1590 and renovated in 1670/1693)
  • upper floors served as nuns cells, six on each side, delimited by the central aisle (so a total of 24 cells)
  • later use of the ground floor as a shot dispenser, upper floors as a fruit store and warehouse

6. Upper barn

  • Built in 1709 as a reserve nunnery, in 1727 construction was stopped due to lack of money
  • Originally in solid construction, three-story, made of quarry stone, with large vaulted cellars
  • The basement at the south end was a dungeon; further cellar for potato storage; first floor: contained the bakery, the distillery, the fermentation chamber and the fruit drying room ; second floor: woodshed
  • after 1810 straw barn, shed, garages

7. Outside barn

  • previously used agricultural warehouse (dilapidated)

8. Büttstedter Torhaus

  • Built in 1730, the lower part is solid with a vaulted stone passage, the upper floor is made of half-timbered houses
  • Formerly gatekeeper apartment, after 1811 the passage next to the gatehouse and its conversion into a forge, later an apartment
  • 2000 renovation by the municipality of Anrode (roof, stairs, and half-timbered)

9. Forge

  • Former Wagner, Böttner and blacksmith workshop
  • later used as a wagon depot and coal cellar, most recently as garages

10. Servants' House

  • rebuilt after a fire in 1883
  • On the upper floor there was an apartment for the maids and a cheese-making room.

11. Stables

  • After a fire in 1883, a large cowshed and a carriage shed were built where previously there were six buildings (Wagner, Böttner and blacksmiths workshop, horse stable, guest horse stable, pigsty and cowshed)
  • used today for the monthly animal and farmers market

12. Foal and poultry stable

13. Upper sheepfold (museum)

  • Built in 1762, two stories high, very massive
  • contained, among other things, an apartment for the servants
  • 1996/1998 renovation by the community, since then used as a museum by the association for the promotion of craft traditions

14. Lower sheepfold

  • Rebuilt in 1653, later renewed again

15. Bickenried gatehouse

  • Built in 1598, massive substructure with originally arched passage, timber-framed above, passage later simplified
  • from 1823 shepherd's apartment
  • 1999/2000 renovation by the municipality of Anrode
  • From 2001 to 2012 the restaurant "Klösterschänke" existed there.

16. Watermill

  • Built in 1598 after being destroyed in 1525
  • served as a flour, oil, cutting and pearl barley mill with three courses and was fed by the water of the monastery ponds
  • A circular saw was also operated; In 1823 a lime and gypsum mill was mentioned in connection with the mill
  • It was ground and crushed until 1914
  • Demolished at the end of the 20th century
  • 2000/2001 Securing of the foundation walls by the municipality of Anrode

17. Brickyard

  • Built in 1594/1595 by order of Provost David Böddener
  • Between 1595 and 1602, 200,000 bricks were made.

18.Lower barn (monastery barn)

  • very old solid construction, was renewed in 1649, 1818/1823 and 1995/1997
  • Partly open shed, two barns, three bansen (storage rooms), also horse stable, coach house and court master's apartment
  • today a venue for cultural events and private celebrations
  • The excursion restaurant “Schinkenkrug” has been located in the former Hofmeister's apartment since 2013.

19. Former Struther Tor (abandoned)

  • In 1839 gate pillars were erected and the Struther Bridge built.

20. Forest house

  • partly half-timbered construction
  • built in the 1940s
  • 1998/1999 renovation by the municipality of Anrode
  • Multi-generation house with accommodation for travelers, 20 beds

Current usage

Since 2017, the monastery run has been held annually in honor of the long-distance runner Mensen Ernst. Cafeteria Ernst ran from Anrode Abbey to Norway around 1800.

A regional museum is housed in the already renovated rooms of the monastery. Agricultural tools and machines from the 19th and 20th centuries are shown. The site is currently used regularly for markets and sporadically for evening events. The monastery is also opened for the Open Monument Day. There is a restaurant in a gatehouse.

A combined farmers', art, flea and small animal market takes place in the monastery on the second Saturday from April to October.

The Remter is in a very bad state of preservation in 2019. Amelie Seck of the German Foundation for Monument Protection describes his condition as "threatening". In addition to cracks in the masonry, the outer walls are pushing outwards and threatening to give way. In the interior, parts of the Gothic vault ribs have already loosened. The damage is due to a differently solid subsurface and a lack of maintenance measures. With the demolition of the adjoining sheep pen, a corresponding abutment was missing. The construction was secured for the first time in 2008.

literature

  • Rolf G. Lucke, Josef Keppler et al .: The churches in Eichsfeld. Church and art guides . Ed .: Association for Eichsfeldische Heimatkunde and from the Heimatverein Goldene Mark [Untereichsfeld] eV Mecke, Duderstadt 2005, ISBN 3-936617-41-4 , p. 311 .
  • Carl August Noback : Detailed geographical-statistical-topographical description of the administrative district of Erfurt . Erfurt 1841, p. 174 .
  • Levin Freiherr von Wintzingeroda-Knorr: The desert areas of the Eichsfeld. List of desolations, prehistoric ramparts, mines, courts of justice and waiting areas within the districts of Duderstadt (province of Hanover), Heiligenstadt, Mühlhausen (state and city) and Worbis (province of Saxony) . Ed .: Historical Commission for the Province of Saxony and the Duchy of Anhalt. Mecke, Halle / Saale 1995, ISBN 3-923453-70-1 , p. 1408 (first edition: Hendel, Halle 1903, reprint of this edition).
  • Carl Duval: The Eichsfeld . Harro von Hirschheydt Verlag, Hannover-Dören 1979, ISBN 3-7777-0002-9 , p. 632 (reprint).
  • Anna Egler: The Anrode Cistercian convent and the Breitenbich Cistercian branch. In: Eichsfeld-Jahrbuch 20 (2012), pp. 5-66
  • Pastor Nikolaus Goerich: History of the former Cistercian monastery in Anrode in Eichsfeld. Duderstadt 1932, A5 format, 216 pages

Web links

Commons : Kloster Anrode  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Eduard Fritze: Eichsfelder Kanonenbahn 1880-1994 and the Küllstedt station. Verlag Rockstuhl Bad Langensalza 2003, page 75
  2. ^ "Anrode, Anrode Monastery" . In: Sparkassen-Kulturstiftung Hessen-Thüringen (Hrsg.): Cultural discoveries. Eichsfeld district, Kyffhäuserkreis, Nordhausen district, Unstrut-Hainich district . tape 1 : Thuringia . Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-7954-2249-3 , pp. 12-13 .
  3. ^ Wolfgang Kahl : First mention of Thuringian towns and villages. A manual. 5th, improved and considerably enlarged edition. Rockstuhl, Bad Langensalza 2010, ISBN 978-3-86777-202-0 , p. 18.
  4. ↑ Rolf Aulepp: Medieval desertification in the Eichsfeld part of the Mühlhausen district. In: Eichsfelder Heimathefte, ed. Pedagogical District Cabinet Worbis, Eichsfelddruck Heiligenstadt 1989, Issue 4, pp. 351–353
  5. ^ Friedrich Laufer: The foundation of Johannes Koch from 1702. Verlag Mecke, Duderstadt 2002, page 173
  6. ^ State archive Saxony-Anhalt
  7. ↑ Dd 2 Patrimonial Court Anrode
  8. ↑ Bernhard Sacrifice man : shaping the calibration field. St. Benno-Verlag Leipzig and Verlag FW Cordier Heiligenstadt 1968
  9. ↑ a b c d e f g h Carl Duval (ed.): The Eichsfeld or historical-romantic description of all cities, castles, palaces, monasteries, villages and other noteworthy points of the Eichsfeld . Sondershausen 1845, p. 560 .
  10. ↑ [1] RIplus Regg. EB Mainz 2,1 n.540, in: Regesta Imperii Online (accessed on August 1, 2018)
  11. ^ A b Johann Wolf: Eichsfeldisches Urkundenbuch: together with a treatise on the Eichsfeld nobility. Göttingen 1819, p. 55 .
  12. ^ NN: Animal and farmers market in Anrode . In: moment. The magazine . No. 03 . Sonsdruck, Bad Langensalza 2005, p. 18 .
  13. ↑ Amelie Seck: The safety of the emergency backup , in Monumente , edition 5/2019, p. 21f.

Coordinates: 51 ° 15 ′ 31 ″  N , 10 ° 19 ′ 46 ″  E