Küllstedt

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 51 ° 17 '  N , 10 ° 17'  E
Basic data
State :	Thuringia
County :	Eichsfeld
Management Community :	Westerwald-Obereichsfeld
Height :	445 m above sea level NHN
Area :	13.11 km 2
Residents:	1335 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	102 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	37359
Area code :	036075
License plate :	EIC, HIG, WBS
Community key :	16 0 61 063
Address of the municipal administration:	Neue Str. 16 37359 Küllstedt
Website :	www.westerwald-obereichsfeld.eu
Mayoress :	Christina Tasch ( CDU )
Location of the community Küllstedt in the Eichsfeld district

Küllstedt is a municipality in the south of the Thuringian district of Eichsfeld . It is the seat of the administrative association Westerwald-Obereichsfeld .

Geographical location

Küllstedt is located in Obereichsfeld east of the Westerwald ridge on the eastern edge of the Eichsfeld-Hainich-Werratal nature park . The Thuringian Basin lies a little to the east . Küllstedt is located between about 390 m above sea level on the road to Büttstedt in the southeast of the locality and 499.1 on the Madeberg in the northwest. It is therefore one of the high altitude communities in the Eichsfeld district.

geology

Küllstedt is part of the Hainich-Dün-Hainleite natural area, which is defined by a large high plateau shaped by the strata of the shell limestone . The transition from the Upper to the Lower Muschelkalk takes place in the area of ​​the district of Küllstedt with a clear stratification in the southwest of the locality . The location itself is in the area of ​​the so-called Küllstedter Graben , a fault line running parallel to the Eichenberg – Gotha – Saalfelder fault zone. There, rocks of the Lower Keuper form the near-surface geological subsurface.

history

Küllstedt was first mentioned in 1171 as Cullestete. "Kull" means "standing lake". The place was surrounded by numerous lakes until extensive drainage at the beginning of the 20th century, of which only the waxedter lake and the spanish lake exist today. From 1250 citizens of Küllstedt (de Cullestete, cives Mulhusenses) appeared in Mühlhausen, (later dictus de Cullestete, so no longer resident in Küllstedt). Those named Küllstedt (Cullestete) were often councilors and mayors of the city of Mühlhausen . An earlier Wallhof had changing owners, such as the gentlemen of Tastungen ("Tastunger Hof") and of Mühlhausen. After the masters of Tastungen , the estate was finally called the Tastunger Hof . Little is known about fortifications; when the sewer system was being built south of the church, a 4 to 5 m wide ditch was uncovered that delimited the courtyard to the south; to the north, the so-called gap ditch could have formed the boundary. It is assumed that the structure is 80 to 100 m in size, in which the original church was built; the location of the church within the fortifications suggests that it is very old.

In 1632, during the Thirty Years' War, Küllstedt was almost completely destroyed. The plague raged in 1682, and a pledge to make a pilgrimage to the Holy Blood in Walldürn was made to quickly overcome it. This pilgrimage has been celebrated every year since 1683 , with the exception of the years 1952 to 1989. The oldest houses in Küllstedt are from this time. From 1720 to 1724 the church, which was badly damaged in the Thirty Years' War, was demolished and a baroque-style church was built on the same site. Since Valentin Degenhard introduced weaving at the end of the 17th century , the place has experienced a significant boom. Nevertheless, there was a famine in 1770/71 with 40 dead. In 1850, 116 Küllstedter were brought down by cholera. In 1866 the place had its largest population ever with 2,408 inhabitants. When the textile industry declined at the end of the 19th century, many residents looked for work in other parts of Germany or emigrated. In 1880 Küllstedt received a rail connection to the Kanonenbahn, during the construction of which up to 250 Italians were accommodated in Küllstedt. In 1904, the Vinzentinerinnen in Cologne set up a nursing and child protection facility, which was expanded into a hospital in 1929. Electrification and running water followed in 1911. In 1930/31 a new, large church was built.

The place belonged to Kurmainz from 1294 until the secularization in 1802 , then it became Prussian in the course of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss . After brief membership of the Kingdom of Westphalia created by Napoleon , Küllstedt was part of the Prussian province of Saxony until 1945 . During this time Küllstedt was added to the district of Mühlhausen . From 1921 to 1925, Dr. med Kellner from Küllstedt as one of three Eichsfeld center deputies to the provincial parliament of the Prussian province of Saxony.

In the local elections on March 12, 1933, the German Center Party again won an absolute majority. The NSDAP moved into the municipal council with a representative. The mayor Otto Schaefer, who has been in office since 1919, was re-elected with eight votes. Nevertheless, the representative of the NSDAP, Franz Wehr, with the help of the NSDAP-dominated district assembly in Mühlhausen, succeeded in becoming mayor. Schaefer was deposed in 1934 for flimsy reasons and suffered a heart attack shortly afterwards. Wehr was also appointed mayor by the Mühlhausen district administrator. With that, Küllstedt suffered - somewhat belatedly - the same fate of all Eichsfeld municipal interest groups: the elimination of the democratically elected center majority by a NSDAP minority.

At the beginning of the Battle of Struth beginning of April 1945 was Kuellstedt staging area for them participating German troops. Küllstedt was occupied by the Americans after the battle.

At the beginning of July 1945, Küllstedt was incorporated into the Soviet occupation zone . On August 1, 1945 there was an act of revenge by the occupying power after a violent confrontation between Küllstedtern and soldiers of the Red Army or "resistance against Soviet officers". 33 Küllstedter were arrested, seven of them - with the ordered presence of the local residents and without the requested priestly assistance - executed by a shot in the neck at the exit towards Struth . Their bodies were not allowed to be buried in the cemetery; they were buried in an unknown location in the Mühlhausen city forest. Nine residents were sentenced to long prison terms. Of these, only three returned from the Soviet Union. Richard Schaefer, who was in office from 1939 to 1945, was sentenced to death by a military court in Mühlhausen and executed on August 25, 1945. Including the suicide of the local police officer in the Mühlhausen city prison, the total death toll was fifteen.

In 1949, Küllstedt became part of the GDR - like the entire area . At the end of the 1940s and the beginning of the 1950s, the majority of the bourgeoisie left the town to head west because of political reprisals. Küllstedt lost its entrepreneurship and with it its “small town character”. In 1952 Küllstedt came to the Worbis district .

In 1959 two LPGs were founded as part of the collectivization of agriculture .

On July 19, 1966 Kuellstedt was a whirlwind of strength F2 + on the Fujita scale devastated. 80 percent of the houses suffered storm damage, 100,000 voluntary, unpaid installation hours were done. The upper part of the church tower was destroyed, until 1969 it was rebuilt with the help of the residents and under conditions of deficiency. In 2013 the original tower hood was reconstructed.

In 1976 the towns of Büttstedt , Küllstedt, waxedt , Effelder and Großbartloff merged to form the Küllstedt community association, which is now the Westerwald-Obereichsfeld administrative community.

Noble family von Küllstedt

The coat of arms of those of Küllstedt is not exactly known, but the gold / black / silver color scheme is included in the local coat of arms of Küllstedt. Demonstrated the following family members, a unique association of the Lords of Kuellstedt is not always safe to do as there is a same name in the near Kyffhäuserkreis place was and an eponymous knights:

• Conrad von Küllstedt (1257), subprior in the Reifenstein monastery
• Conrad von Küllstedt (1262) Ministerial in Mühlhausen with the sons Bruno and Conrad
• Gottfried von Küllstedt, citizen (1271), ministerial (1294) and councilor (1293 and 1296) in Mühlhausen
• Gottfried von Küllstedt (1300), at the Eisenach monastery (canonicum ecclesiae Ysnacenscis)
• Gottfried von Küllstedt (1375) Canon in Hildesheim
• Hermann von Küllstadt (1429) captain in Mühlhausen
• Hermann von Küllstedt (1483) mayor of Mühlhausen

coat of arms

Blazon : "Within a golden border with three stylized atonement crosses in black, three stalked silver chestnut leaves in a three-pass ." The gold-black-silver color corresponds to the colors of the former von Küllstedt.

Population development

1545 - approx. 600 1675-485 1722-934 1787 - 1,358 1837-1.974 1850-2367 1861 - 2,394 1866 - 2,408 1872-2,299

1880 - 2,352 1885-2.190 1890-2290 1895-2289 1932-2,239 1954 - 2,047 1959-2008 1972-1,733 1994 - 1,652

2000 - 1,618 2005 - 1,586 2010 - 1,500 2015 - 1,354

politics

Municipal council

The municipality council of Küllstedt consists of twelve council members.

• CDU : 7 seats
• Nomination for FDW: 5 seats

(As of: local election on May 26, 2019)

Local election 2014:

• CDU: 8 seats
• FDW: 4 seats

mayor

The honorary mayor Christina Tasch (CDU) was re-elected for the fourth time after 1990, 2004, 2010 on June 5, 2016.

Infrastructure

Until 1998 Küllstedt had a railway connection on the Leinefelde – Eschwege railway line , which was part of the historic Kanonenbahn . The Küllstedter Tunnel , which was the second longest railway tunnel in Thuringia until 2000, is located near the town . Along the route, the Kanonenbahn cycle path , which was completed in October 2019, touches the place, which was already considered one of the most beautiful cycle paths in Germany when it opened.

Near Küllstedt, in the direction of Struth, 27 large wind turbines belonging to Büttstedt were installed. They dominate the landscape, visible from afar.

Worth seeing

Catholic parish church

The Catholic parish church of St. Georg and Juliana was built in 1930/31 according to a design by Fleckner and Saar (Erfurt) including the old west tower from 1785. The central nave is spanned by a barrel vault with transverse ribs , while the side aisles, divided into yokes by round arches, are flat are covered. The furnishings include, in particular, the monumental baroque altar of Mary from 1756 and other baroque side altars depicting the church patron. In the tower room there is a baptismal font from the 15th century and an epitaph from 1712. Among the newer items of equipment are: the Stations of the Cross by Willi Geißler, the stained glass windows with depictions of saints and the organ from the Bernhard Speith company (Rietberg in Westphalia) from 1932.

In 1966 the church tower - "Küllstedts Kron und Zier" - was badly damaged by a tornado , its wooden part was turned off and thrown into the adjacent alley. No ring anchor was installed during the rapid reconstruction of the tower, which caused damage to the masonry over the decades. The comprehensive renovation took place in 2013 with a financial outlay of 500,000 euros. The tower was dismantled down to the old wall, a ring anchor pulled in, bricked up five meters and a new spire was put on. This was designed after the old tower helmet (until 1966). The tower is now more pointed and two meters higher.

With 900 seats, the parish church is the largest village church in Eichsfeld. Her nativity scene is also well-known. It was purchased by the wood carvers in Oberammergau in 1939 and, with its 54 wooden figures, is one of the largest and most beautiful nativity scenes in Eichsfeld. It is set up during Advent , and the annual nativity scene exhibition also takes place during this time.

• 

  View from the southeast (2009)

• 

  Interior

• 

  Nativity scene in the church

Protestant church

The Evangelical branch church The Good Shepherd is a simple neo-Gothic hall building with a rectangular floor plan and west tower from 1906/07. In eight windows of the church there are works of the Naumburg workshop Wilhelm Franke . In the choir apex window the figurative representation according to the patronage. Christ depicted as a shepherd with a shepherd's crook and a lamb. The draped tape I am the shepherd! The two reformers Martin Luther nII and Philip Melanchthon sII are staged to the side. The stained glass signature is W. Franke Naumburg, owner A. Hartung Naumburg purveyor to the court. Domglas Naumburg has been the successor company with archive documents since 1966 . From the outside, a plastered solid building with window and door openings in the shape of a pointed arch rises above a limestone base . The roof and tower are slated and the tower has a polygonal pointed hood.

More Attractions

Local museum

Stone crosses

• Eichsfelder Heimatstube
• numerous half-timbered houses
• three Gothic atonement crosses , the so-called Boniface crosses
• Stationsweg with Ölberggrotten and Antoniuskapelle
• Kastanienallee as a natural monument

Memorials

Memorial stone at the scene of the crime for the seven Küllstedt men shot by the NKVD in August 1945

• Memorial for Hermann Iseke , the poet of the Eichsfeldlied , on the Madeberg
• Memorial stone from 1996: outside the cemetery wall on the road to Struth in memory of the public execution of seven Küllstedter men on August 1, 1945 by the Soviet secret service NKVD at this location.

Küllstedt's daughters and sons

• Dorothea Fromm (born November 4, 1827 in Küllstedt, † August 12, 1887 in Dingelstädt ). Educator and private teacher in Paris and London. Founder of the St. Josefs Institute in Dingelstädt.
• Heinrich Kellner (born April 20, 1860 in Küllstedt, † June 13, 1928 in Küllstedt). Medical Council, Dr. med. After studying, from 1889 onwards with his own practice in Küllstedt. Responsible for the medical care of the surrounding municipalities. Member of the Provincial Parliament of Prussia. Province of Saxony in Merseburg 1921–1925.
• Emil Jacobi (born March 25, 1868 in Küllstedt, † June 17, 1916 in Kassel ). Teacher and director in Kassel. Author of stage works. On the occasion of the 1,000th anniversary of the city of Kassel, wrote the play "Chassala", which was premiered in 1913 at the Kassel court theater .
• Robert Buch (born February 28, 1874 in Küllstedt, † May 18, 1941 in Heiligenstadt ). Episcopal Commissioner of the Obereichsfeld 1932–1941. Active resistance against the National Socialist neo-paganism.
• Karl Kellner (born March 17, 1890 in Küllstedt, † September 11, 1965 in Karlsruhe ). Teacher and local researcher in Oschersleben (Bode) . Founder of the local museum there.
• Gustav Vogt (born April 9, 1890 in Küllstedt, † July 12, 1942 in Dachau concentration camp ). Pastor. Builder of the Dünkreuz near Deuna. Arrested by the Gestapo after a denunciation in 1940 . Died of exhaustion in the Dachau concentration camp, where he was taken from the Erfurt remand prison .
• Christina Tasch (born November 11, 1959 in Küllstedt). German politician (CDU). Since 1998 member of the Thuringian state parliament . From 2009 to 2020 chairwoman of the CDU district association in the Eichsfeld district.

Others

As evidence of an often coarse folk humor, neck names and nicknames that characterize each village developed centuries ago . Accordingly, the Killstedder Kluckenschießer - Küllstedter Klugscheißer - lived here in the village - one also knew the Killstedder Ossenschlajer - Küllstedter Ochsenschläger - because in the past there were hardly any horses in the village, but many oxen as draft animals. Küllstedtzer Modeteufel were, after all , the numerous knitters in the area who did homework.

literature

• Küllstedt in "Handbook of Historic Sites in Germany / Thuringia", ed. H. Patze and P. Aufgebauer, Kröner-Verlag Stuttgart 1989
• Monika Köckritz: Seven men brutally executed in "Monatsheft Eichsfeld" 39 (1995), pp. 258 and 259
• Eduard Fritze: The Eichsfelder Kanonenbahn 1880-1994 and the Küllstedt station . 1st edition, Rockstuhl, Bad Langensalza 2003, ISBN 3-936030-05-7 .
• Manfred Thiele : Vae victis. Mühlhausen under Soviet occupation dictatorship . Self-published, Mühlhausen 2004. ISBN 3-00-012992-8
• Wolfgang Monday: Küllstedt in Eichsfeld. Encounters in a village . 2nd edition, Kunstverlag Fink, Lindenberg 2007, ISBN 3-89870-397-5 .

Individual evidence

1. ^ Population of the municipalities from the Thuringian State Office for Statistics  ( help on this ).
2. ^ Name of the association for Thuringian history and antiquity edited. u. ed. by Otto Dobencker (Ed.): Regesta diplomatica necnon epistolaria historiae Thuringiae . tape 2: (1152-1227) . Jena 1900, p. 82 .
3. ^ Paul Grimm and Wolfgang Timpel: The prehistoric and early historical fortifications of the Worbis district. In: Eichsfelder Heimathefte special edition, Worbis 1966, pp. 24 and 59.
4. ^ Churches and ecclesiastical tasks in the parliamentary debate in Thuringia from the early 19th to the end of the 20th century . In: Thuringian Landtag (ed.): Writings on the history of parliamentarism in Thuringia . tape 23 . Erfurt 2005, p. 165 .
5. ^ Felix Tasch: Küllstedt under the swastika. The history of the village during the Nazi rule as a press review. Ed .: Municipality of Küllstedt. Küllstedt 2018.
6. ↑ Felix Tashkent: deja vu in Eichsfeld. A chronology of the seizure of power by the NSDAP minority in Eichsfeld in 1933 as a warning example. Samizdat, Küllstedt 2019.
7. ↑ Manfred Thiele: “Vae victis. Mühlhausen under Soviet occupation dictatorship ”. Self-published, Mühlhausen 2004. ISBN 3-00-012992-8
8. ↑ Death sentences of Soviet military tribunals against Germans (1944–1947). A historical-biographical study. In: Weigelt, Andreas / Müller, Klaus-Dieter / Schaarschmidt, Thomas / Schmeitzner, Mike (eds.): Writings of the Hannah Arendt Institute for Totalitarian Research. tape 56 . Göttingen 2015.
9. ^ Johann Wolf: Eichsfeldisches Urkundenbuch together with the treatise of the Eichsfeldischen nobility. Göttingen, 1819, p. 52
10. ↑ [1] archiv.sachsen.de
11. ↑ Karl Herquet , Bernhard Schweineberg : Urkundenbuch the formerly free imperial city of Muehlhausen in Thuringia. Halle 1874, p. 178.
12. ↑ Karl Herquet: Kristan of Mulhouse, Bishop of Samland 1276-1295. Halle 1874, p. 52.
13. ↑ Karl Herquet, Urkundenbuch the formerly free city Mulhouse, Hall 1874 S. 218th
14. ^ [2] Canons in Hildesheim.pdf.
15. ↑ Reinhard Jordan, Harald Rockstuhl: Chronicle of the city of Mühlhausen in Thuringia: Until 1525. Verlag Rockstuhl 2001, p. 118.
16. ↑ City council elections 2019. Retrieved on October 17, 2019 . 
17. ↑ http://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=GW&wjahr=2014&habenErg=GEM&wknr=061&gemnr=61063
18. ↑ Local elections in Thuringia on June 6, 2010. Elections for community and city council members. Preliminary results. The regional returning officer, accessed on June 6, 2010 . 
19. ^ Matthias Schmidt: The village churches in the district of Eichsfeld, Cordier: Heiligenstadt 2000, pp. 91–92.
20. ↑ The church tower in Küllstedt is two meters higher . Thuringian General, January 19, 2013
21. ^ "Küllstedt" . In: Sparkassen-Kulturstiftung Hessen-Thüringen (Hrsg.): Cultural discoveries. Eichsfeld district, Kyffhäuserkreis, Nordhausen district, Unstrut-Hainich district . tape 1 (Thuringia). Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-7954-2249-3 , pp. 125-126 .
22. ^ Matthias Schmidt: The village churches in the Eichsfeld district . Cordier, Heiligenstadt 2000, pp. 92-93.
23. ↑ Rolf Aulepp: Nicknames of the places and their residents in the Mühlhausen district. In: Eichsfelder Heimathefte, Heft 1, Heiligenstadt 1987, pp. 78–83.

Web links

Commons : Küllstedt  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Administrative community Westerwald-Obereichsfeld - Information about Küllstedt