Reifenstein Monastery
| Reifenstein Cistercian Abbey | |
|---|---|
 Former Reifenstein Abbey |
|
| location |
 Germany Thuringia |
| Lies in the diocese | originally Mainz; today Erfurt |
| Coordinates: | 51 ° 20 '48 " N , 10 ° 21' 48" E |
| Serial number according to Janauschek |
372 |
| Patronage | St. Mary and Margaret . |
| founding year | 1162 |
| Year of dissolution / annulment |
1803 |
| Mother monastery | Volkenroda Monastery |
| Primary Abbey | Morimond Monastery |
The Reifenstein Monastery (Riffensteinium) is a former Cistercian abbey in the Kleinbartloff part of the municipality of Niederorschel in the Eichsfeld district in the Free State of Thuringia in Germany. The facility is located around 4 km south-southeast of Leinefelde .
history
The monastery was founded by Count Ernst II von Tonna-Gleichen and settled with monks from the Volkenroda monastery . To this end, he donated the Albolderode farm , the towns of Wirkeshagen, Druckerhaen and the forests of Mittelberg, Burghagen, Sonder. His widow gave the monastery possessions in Hermannshagen and Beringershagen in 1191. It thus belonged to the filiation of the primary abbey of Morimond . In 1217, Landgrave Ludwig of Thuringia placed the monastery under his protection. Pope Urban IV confirmed his rights in 1262. A few decades after it was founded, it was able to expand its property to the villages of Kallmerode , Hausen and Kleinbartloff through purchase and donation . It also owned large parts of Beberstedt , Hüpstedt and Wüstungen. The monastery was looted several times in the 14th and 15th centuries. On April 29, 1525, the Reformation and the German Peasants' War caused unrest.
Some farmers from the convent communities invaded the monastery and destroyed the church's furnishings. On May 1st, 1525, farmers of the “United Thuringian and Mühlhausen Haufen” under the leadership of Thomas Müntzer destroyed the monastery very badly and the monks fled to Heiligenstadt and the Rusteberg . It was only completely rebuilt in 1585 under Abbot Philipp Busse. It was destroyed again during the Thirty Years War . Reconstruction only began in 1650. From 1697 the facility was renovated in the Baroque style under Abbot Wilhelm Streit (1690–1727) . The renewal of the gatehouse was carried out using medieval remains, the old abbey in the north extension (1693), the brothers' house (1699), the shepherd's house (1700) and the north wing (1708) were also renewed. The construction work was continued under the subsequent Abbots Martin Günther (1721–1732) and Johann Simon Hentrich (1732–1755). The south wing with the abbey church and the sacristy was rebuilt from 1737 to 1743. The east wing with the refectory was built from 1765 to 1773 and the west wing, the prelature , under Abbot Guido Köhler (1769 to 1772) from 1769 to 1770. From 1794 to 1795 the old abbey and dormitory were rebuilt. During the secularization , the monastery, which was still occupied by the abbot, twenty-three conventuals and three novices , was abolished in 1803 and subsequently used as a domain, agricultural school, rural women’s school and, from 1949, as a hospital (see the main article in Reifenstein ). After the dissolution, the monastery inventory was transferred to various Eichsfeld churches. The church has served as a concert hall since 1995.
Reifenstein Monastery Court
The monastery and its possessions were not subject to the administration and jurisdiction of the respective sovereign (the Count von Gleichen as the founder of the monastery or the Landgrave of Thuringia as liege lords and then the Electorate of Mainz archbishops), but had their own jurisdiction. The judicial district included the towns of Hausen, Kleinbartloff and Kallmerode, at times also the villages of Bektiven, Beberstedt and Hüpstedt, as well as the towns of Luterode, Hedwigerode and Kirrode, which fell desolate in the Middle Ages. It is not known where the court was held; there is hardly any historical evidence for this.
Abbots of Reifenstein
The following abbots are known:
- 1201 Ulrich
- 1238 Theodericus
- 1246 Rudolf
- 1279 Ditmar
- 1298 Albert
- 1302 Heinrich
- 1312 Hermann
- 1348 Johann
- 1362 Dietrich von Heiligenstadt
- 1401 Heinrich von Nordhausen
- 1428 Tilemann
- 1438 Johann
- 1524–1544 Mathias Rüdiger
- 1550–1565 Augustin Weckebry
- 1566–1580 Heinrich Barthel
- 1599-1639? Philipp Busse
- 1639–1671 Joachim Nohr called Bartholomäi
- 1671–1692 Benedikt Henrici
- 1694–1721 Wilhelm Streif
- 1721–1732 Martin Günther
- 1755–1769 Adrian Löffler
- 1769–1792 Prior Guido Kobler
- 1792–1800 Norber Heusse
- 1800–1803 Anton Löffler
Heinrich Pfeiffer was one of the convent members .
Plant and buildings
Remnants of the medieval complex have not been preserved. The existing facility consists of a four-sided building complex with two inner courtyards of different sizes, which are separated by a narrow library building built around 1800. The church, a single-aisled hall building with wall pillars, a monumental west portal, groin vaults and a high hipped roof, whose fittings have been removed, is located in the southwest of the complex, in the north the building is being extended by an annex, built on the site of three previous buildings from sandstone blocks. To the north of the church there is a four-story tower with a pyramid spire. This tower is the oldest surviving part of the building and dates from around 1580. The three-storey west wing is plastered. The north and east wings are two-story. The interior layout has been changed. Two stairwells in the northeast and southeast that lead to the upper floors have been preserved. Cellars with groin vaults lie underneath the entire complex.
Others
There are several natural monuments of regional importance on the monastery grounds and on the edge of the forest . The common beech, known as the seven - brother beech, is the oldest of its kind in the Upper Area. Their age is estimated to be 300 years. It is assumed that this tree was created when seven young beech trunks grew together, which would explain both the name and the peculiar growth shape of the beech trunk.
literature
- Holger Kunde: The deed of foundation of the Cistercian monastery Reifenstein from the year 1162 . In: Eichsfeld Yearbook . tape 9 . Mecke, Duderstadt 2001, p. 5-20 .
- Holger Kunde: religious branches of the Cistercians in Eichsfeld (Reifenstein) . In: Gerhard Schlegel (Ed.): Repertory of the Cistercians in the states of Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia . Langwaden 1998, p. 425-432 .
- Karl-Heinz Hoffmann: Kleinbartloffer Heimatschrift with Reifenstein 1253-2003 . Ed .: Municipality of Kleinbartloff. Mecke, Duderstadt 2003.
- Carl Duval: "Reifenstein" . In: The Eichsfeld . (Reprint). Harro von Hirschheydt Verlag, Hannover-Dören 1979, ISBN 3-7777-0002-9 , p. 97-129 .
- Johannes Müller: The former Cistercian monastery Reifenstein. Duderstadt 1936.
- Ambrosius Schneider: Lexical overview of the male monasteries of the Cistercians in the German language and cultural area. In: Schneider, Wienand, Bickel, Coester: The Cistercians - History - Spirit - Art. 3rd edition, Wienand Verlag, Cologne 1986, ISBN 3-87909-132-3 , p. 686.
- Peter Pfister : monastery leader of all Cistercian monasteries in the German-speaking area. 2nd edition, Éditions du Signe, Strasbourg 1998, ISBN 2-87718-596-6 , pp. 506-507.
- Georg Dehio (greeting), Stephanie Eißing, Franz Jäger u. a .: Handbook of German Art Monuments: Thuringia. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-422-03050-6 , p. 988 ff. With floor plan of the existing system
- Helmut Godehardt: Land tax payer from the monastery villages of Reifenstein and from Leinefelde in 1548. In: Eichsfeld yearbook 13th year (2005), Verlag Mecke Duderstadt
- 1162 - 2012. 850 years of Reifenstein. From the Cistercian monastery to the Eichsfeld Clinic. Festschrift for the 850 year celebration of Reifenstein with the monastery villages Kleinbartloff, Hausen, Kallmerode and the Vorwerk Beinrode , ed. by Herbert Goedecke. Mecke Druck und Verlag, Duderstadt 2012, ISBN 978-3-86944-067-5 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Johann Wolf: Eichsfeldische Kirchengeschichte: with 134 documents. Göttingen 1816, p. 75
- ↑ Ortrut Wörner-Heil: women's schools in the country. Reifenstein Association (1897–1997) . In: Association of former Reifensteiners e. V. and archive of the German women's movement (ed.): Series of publications of the archive of the German women's movement . tape 11 . Kassel 1997, ISBN 3-926068-12-4 .
- ↑ Kreiskrankenhaus Reifenstein (ed.): Kloster Reifenstein in the course of the times. From the Cistercian monastery to the district hospital . Self-published.
- ↑ Levin von Wintzingeroda-Knorr : Die Wüstungen des Eichsfeldes: Directory of the desert areas, prehistoric ramparts, mines, courts of law and waiting areas within the districts of Duderstadt, Heiligenstadt, Mühlhausen and Worbis. Göttingen (O. Hendel) 1903, pages 436 ff.
- ^ Johann Wolf: Political History of the Eichsfeldes. Göttingen 1792, Volume 1, p. 131
- ↑ Bernhard Sacrifice man : shaping the calibration field. St. Benno-Verlag Leipzig and Verlag FW Cordier Heiligenstadt 1968
- ↑ Levin von Wintzingeroda-Knorr: Die Wüstungen des Eichsfeldes: Directory of the desert areas, prehistoric ramparts, mines, courts of law and waiting areas within the districts of Duderstadt, Heiligenstadt, Mühlhausen and Worbis. Göttingen (O. Hendel) 1903, page 1220
- ↑ Ewald Heerda: The oldest beeches . In: Discoveries in the Eichsfeld. Interesting facts from the woods and fields . Self-published by the author, Heiligenstadt 1993, p. 33 .
