Eichsfeld district

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the Eichsfeld district Map of Germany, position of the Eichsfeld district highlighted

Coordinates: 51 ° 23 '  N , 10 ° 15'  E

Basic data
State : Thuringia
Administrative headquarters : Heilbad Heiligenstadt
Area : 943.07 km 2
Residents: 100,006 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 106 inhabitants per km 2
License plate : EIC, HIG, WBS
Circle key : 16 0 61
Circle structure: 68 parishes
Address of the
district administration:
Friedensplatz 8
37308 Heilbad Heiligenstadt
Website : www.kreis-eic.de
District Administrator : Werner Henning ( CDU )
Location of the Eichsfeld district in Thuringia
Weimar Eisenach Suhl Gera Jena Landkreis Altenburger Land Landkreis Greiz Tschechien Saale-Holzland-Kreis Freistaat Sachsen Freistaat Bayern Saale-Orla-Kreis Landkreis Sonneberg Niedersachsen Hessen Sachsen-Anhalt Landkreis Eichsfeld Landkreis Saalfeld-Rudolstadt Landkreis Hildburghausen Landkreis Schmalkalden-Meiningen Ilm-Kreis Landkreis Weimarer Land Erfurt Landkreis Gotha Wartburgkreis Landkreis Sömmerda Kyffhäuserkreis Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis Landkreis Nordhausenmap
About this picture
The Eichsfeld district after 1994
The Mainz castle in Heiligenstadt , from 1736 to 1738 as the residence of archiepiscopal kurmainzischen built governor, now the seat of the district office of the district Eichsfeld

The district of Eichsfeld [ ˈaɪksfɛlt ] is a district in the far north-west of Thuringia. Most of the localities in the district belong to the eponymous historical landscape of Eichsfeld .

geography

The Eichsfeld district is located in the north-west of the Free State of Thuringia , embedded between the Harz Mountains in the north, the Werra and the East Hessian mountainous region in the south-west and the Thuringian Basin in the south-east.

In the south of the district, the landscape is characterized by approx. 450 m high limestone slabs of the Upper Eichsfeld , the Düns and the Gobert (with the 543.4 m high Goburg). To the north, the hilly landscapes of the middle Eichsfeld adjoin . Here, too, rise up mountain ranges such as the Ohm Mountains with the 533.4 m high Birkenberg .

Some rivers have their origin in the district of Eichsfeld, such as the Unstrut , the Leine , the Wipper , the Helme and the Hahle .

Neighboring counties

Neighboring districts are the Lower Saxony district of Göttingen in the north, the district of Nordhausen in the east, the Kyffhäuserkreis in the southeast, the Unstrut-Hainich district in the south and the Hessian Werra-Meißner district in the west .

history

The Eichsfeld belonged to Kurmainz until 1803, which is why it is predominantly Catholic to this day. After that it belonged initially to Prussia , but in 1815 the division of the Eichsfeld between Hanover and Prussia, which still exists today, came about . The Prussian part came to Thuringia in 1945 and later became part of the German Democratic Republic with it .

On August 8, 1945, by merging the previous districts of Heiligenstadt and Worbis , the district of Eichfeld with its seat in Heiligenstadt was founded for the first time. From September 30, 1946, the district was renamed the Worbis district . With the administrative reform in 1952, the district was dissolved and divided into the districts of Heiligenstadt and Worbis .

The current district was created on July 1, 1994 by merging the districts of Heiligenstadt and Worbis again.

In the run-up to a planned second district reform in Thuringia, a commission of experts proposed in January 2013 that the district be merged with the neighboring Nordhausen district to form a large district. In protest against these plans, District Administrator Werner Henning brought up a change of the district to Lower Saxony.

In the new legislative period, the Thuringia regional reform in 2018 and 2019 was mentioned in the coalition agreement. The district administrator of the Eichsfeld district published several proposals in 2015 and 2016, which include: a. provided for the affiliation of Eichsfelddörfer Anrode , Dünwald , Südeichsfeld and Rodeberg from the Unstrut-Hainich district. The historical connection entitles these communities to change. In addition, parts of the Nordhausen district and the city of Mühlhausen should also be added to the district area. While the Eichsfelddörfer were not averse, this proposal met with criticism from Harald Zanker, district administrator of the Unstrut-Hainich district.

After the preliminary law on functional and territorial reform was passed by the state parliament in June 2016, the interior minister presented the government proposal on October 11, 2016 for the reorganization of the districts and independent cities, which provided for the merger of the Eichsfeld district with the Unstrut-Hainich district . Further proposals for district mergers followed, but the territorial reform failed in November 2017.

population

Population development

Development of the population:

  • 1994: 117.790
  • 1995: 117.588
  • 1996: 117.015
  • 1997: 116.310
  • 1998: 115.379
  • 1999: 114.718
  • 2000: 114.109
  • 2001: 113.427
  • 2002: 112.498
  • 2003: 111.455
  • 2004: 110.843
  • 2005: 109.999
  • 2006: 108.883
  • 2007: 107.924
  • 2008: 106,937
  • 2009: 106.052
  • 2010: 105.195
  • 2011: 104,549
  • 2012: 101,312
  • 2013: 100,951
  • 2014: 100,730
  • 2015: 101,325
  • 2016: 101.033
  • 2017: 100,645
  • 2018: 100,380
  • 2019: 100.006
Data source: from 1994 Thuringian State Office for Statistics - values ​​from December 31st

language

Due to the division of Germany and the remaining part of Thuringia, a special Eichsfeld dialect is spoken in the Obereichsfeld . You can hear the Thuringian here, especially with hard consonants. The dialect is clearly not as “washed out” and has a Thuringian touch as in the neighboring Thuringian districts. In Untereichsfeld a fairly pure high German is spoken.

politics

District Administrator

The district administrator of the Eichsfeld district has been Werner Henning (CDU) since 1994 . In the district elections on April 22, 2012, he was confirmed in office with 70.3% of the votes. His only opponent was Ronny Fritzlar, he was nominated jointly by the SPD and the Greens and received 29.6% of the vote. In the district election on April 15, 2018, Henning was re-elected in the first ballot with 82.2 percent of the vote.

District council

Election of the district council of the Eichsfeld district in 2019
Turnout: 64.3% (2014: 57.3%)
 %
50
40
30th
20th
10
0
48.6%
13.5%
7.8%
6.9%
5.6%
5.1%
4.7%
3.8%
2.5%
1.6%
Gains and losses
compared to 2014
 % p
 14th
 12
 10
   8th
   6th
   4th
   2
   0
  -2
  -4
  -6
  -8th
-10
-9.1  % p
+ 13.5  % p
-1.2  % p
-3.4  % p
+1.5  % p
-3.9  % p
+ 4.7  % p.p.
+ 0.9  % p
-0.4  % p
-2.5  % p
Template: election chart / maintenance / notes
Remarks:
c Free voters Eichsfeld
g Citizens' initiative People for Heiligenstadt
i ÖDP / family, justice, environment

The 46 seats in the district council have been distributed among the individual parties as follows since the local elections on May 26, 2019 :

Political party Seats
Allocation of seats in the
Eichsfeld district assembly in 2019
          
A total of 46 seats
CDU 22 (-5)
AfD 6 (+6)
FW Eichsfeld 4 (± 0)
THE LEFT 3 (–2)
GREEN 3 (+1)
SPD 2 (–2)
BI 2 (+2)
FDP 2 (+1)
ÖDP / family. 1 (± 0)
NPD 1 (-1)

coat of arms

Blazon : "A red, gold-armored eagle on silver, a silver six-spoke wheel on the chest ."

The coat of arms was derived from the majesty of King Friedrich Wilhelm III. Adopted by Prussia of January 9, 1817 in the version of the correction of January 11, 1864. While the six-spoke silver Mainz wheel commemorates the rule of the Electors and Archbishops of Mainz from the 9th century to 1802 over their Eichsfeld exclave, the red Brandenburg-Prussian eagle illustrates the subsequent affiliation to the Kingdom of Prussia .

The individual coats of arms of the cities and municipalities in the district can be found in the list of coats of arms in the Eichsfeld district .

Economy and Infrastructure

After the necessary structural change and the associated loss of jobs in industry and agriculture, small and medium-sized enterprises have proven to be the engine of the economic upswing. Above all, this is evidenced by a consistently positive trade development balance.

The district offers an investment-friendly climate and a settlement concept that harmonizes the special features of the region with the interests of investors. The economic structure in the district is predominantly medium-sized. Metal processing, mechanical engineering, textile processing and the paper and food industry are the leading industries.

With the A38 Göttingen-Halle the Eichsfeld represents the connecting element between these rooms. The very good traffic connections, as well as the historical references to the Lower Saxon area of ​​the Eichsfeld, establish a strong economic focus on the district and the regional center of Göttingen.

In the future atlas 2016 , the Eichsfeld district was ranked 345 out of 402 districts and urban districts in Germany, making it one of the regions with “future risks”.

Protected areas

There are six designated nature reserves in the district (as of January 2017).

traffic

rail

The Magdeburg-Leipzig Railway Company started the local railway construction in 1867 with the Nordhausen - Leinefelde - Heiligenstadt - Kassel line ( Halle - Hann. Münden line ). When the Thuringian Railway Company established a connection with Erfurt with the Gotha – Leinefelde railway line in 1870, the Leinefelde branch station became the railway junction of the Eichsfeld. The cannon railway of the Prussian State Railway (KPStE) via Dingelstädt and Geismar to Schwebda also started in Leinefelde in 1880, but ran parallel to the Erfurt line to Silberhausen separation station.

Further routes of the Prussian State Railways were built:

The top Eichsfelder Kleinbahn AG led since 1913 by Silberhausen small train station to the mining community Hüpstedt in the district Unstrut-Hainich.

As a result of the division of Germany, 53 km of the route were initially closed:

  • 1945: Zwinge – Herzberg 2 km; Teistungen – Duderstadt 3 km; Großtöpfer – Schwebda 2 km, Geismar – Schwebda 3 km
  • 1947: Heiligenstadt – Heiligenstadt Ost – Großtöpfer 27 km; Silberhausen Klb – Beberstedt – Hüpstedt 3 km
  • 1972: Bischofferode – Zwinge 13 km

After the fall of the Wall, further routes with a length of 41 km followed in the district:

  • 1994: Dingelstädt – Küllstedt – Geismar 20 km
  • 1996: Silberhausen Tr. Bf. – Dingelstädt 2 km
  • 1998: Großbodungen – Bischofferode 3 km
  • 2001: Bleicherode Ost – Großbodungen 2 km and Leinefelde – Worbis – Teistungen 14 km

Passenger traffic is currently only taking place on routes of 57 km from Eichenberg via Heiligenstadt-Leinefelde to Nordhausen and Mühlhausen-Erfurt. It is operated by Deutsche Bahn and, since 2015, Abellio Rail Mitteldeutschland .

Bus transport

The regional bus transport in the district is carried out by Eichsfeldwerke GmbH.

Streets

The A 38 and the L3080 run through the Eichsfeld district in an east-west direction . In the north-south direction, the B 247 Duderstadt - Leinefelde - Mühlhausen - Gotha is important.

License Plate

On July 1, 1994, the district was assigned the vehicle distinguishing signs HIG (Heiligenstadt) and WBS (Worbis). On February 1, 1995, these were replaced by the new distinctive sign EIC . Since November 24, 2012, the abbreviations HIG and WBS have been available again due to the license plate liberalization .

Air traffic

The Eichsfeld airfield , between Heilbad Heiligenstadt and Günterode, was equipped with a 750 m long asphalt runway in 2005, which now enables larger private aircraft to land.

Communities

Heilbad Heiligenstadt and Leinefelde-Worbis are designated as medium-sized centers according to the regional plan.

The basic centers are Arenshausen , Breitenworbis , Dingelstädt , Küllstedt , Niederorschel , Schimberg , Sonnenstein , Teistungen and Uder .

(Residents on December 31, 2019)

community-free municipalities

  1. Am Ohmberg , rural community (3621)
  2. Dingelstädt , city, rural community (6887)
  3. Heilbad Heiligenstadt , City (17,129)
  4. Leinefelde-Worbis , City (20,115)
  5. Niederorschel (5380)
  6. Sonnenstein , rural community (4505)

no fulfilling churches

Administrative communities
* Seat of the administrative community

  1. Breitenworbis * (3176)
  2. Buhla (479)
  3. Gernrode (1470)
  4. Haynrode (652)
  5. Kirchworbis (1308)
  1. Dieterode (75)
  2. Geismar (1084)
  3. Kella (472)
  4. Krombach (163)
  5. Pfaffschwende (290)
  6. Schimberg * (2175)
  7. Schwobfeld (111)
  8. Sickerode (150)
  9. Volkerode (238)
  10. Wiesenfeld (218)
  1. Arenshausen (998)
  2. Bornhagen (341)
  3. Burgwalde (226)
  4. Freienhagen (285)
  5. Fretterode (181)
  6. Gerbershausen (592)
  7. Hohengandern * (591)
  8. Kirchgandern (580)
  9. Lindewerra (256)
  10. Marth (330)
  11. Rohrberg (243)
  12. Rustenfelde (505)
  13. Schachtebich (238)
  14. Wahlhausen (306)
  1. Bodenrode-Westhausen * (1118)
  2. Geisleden (974)
  3. Glass houses (159)
  4. Heuthen (720)
  5. High Cross (1256)
  6. Reinholterode (765)
  7. Steinbach (552)
  8. Wingerode (1169)
  1. Berlingerode (1222)
  2. Brehme (1102)
  3. Ecklingerode (721)
  4. Ferna (563)
  5. Keys (221)
  6. Services * (2546)
  7. Billowing (379)
Niedersachsen Hessen Kyffhäuserkreis Landkreis Nordhausen Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis Am Ohmberg Am Ohmberg Am Ohmberg Arenshausen Asbach-Sickenberg Berlingerode Birkenfelde Bodenrode-Westhausen Bornhagen Brehme Breitenworbis Büttstedt Buhla Burgwalde Dieterode Dietzenrode/Vatterode Dingelstädt Ecklingerode Effelder Eichstruth Ferna Freienhagen (Eichsfeld) Fretterode Geisleden Geismar Gerbershausen Gernrode (Eichsfeld) Glasehausen Großbartloff Haynrode Heilbad Heiligenstadt Heuthen Hohengandern Hohes Kreuz Kella Kella Kirchgandern Kirchworbis Krombach (Eichsfeld) Küllstedt Leinefelde-Worbis Lenterode Lindewerra Lutter (Eichsfeld) Mackenrode (Landkreis Eichsfeld) Marth Niederorschel Pfaffschwende Reinholterode Röhrig Rohrberg (Eichsfeld) Rustenfelde Schachtebich Schimberg Schönhagen (Eichsfeld) Schwobfeld Steinbach (Eichsfeld) Sonnenstein (Gemeinde) Steinheuterode Tastungen Teistungen Thalwenden Uder Volkerode Wachstedt Wahlhausen Wehnde Wiesenfeld (Eichsfeld) Wingerode WüstheuterodeMunicipalities in EIC.svg
About this picture
  1. Asbach-Sickenberg (94)
  2. Birkenfelde (545)
  3. Dietzenrode / Vatterode (125)
  4. Eichstruth (86)
  5. Lenterode (316)
  6. Lutter (707)
  7. Mackenrode (320)
  8. Tubular (235)
  9. Schoenhagen (148)
  10. Steinheuterode (282)
  11. Thalwend (344)
  12. Uder * (2640)
  13. Wüstheuterode (581)
  1. Buttstedt (856)
  2. Effelder (1189)
  3. Grossbartloff (900)
  4. Küllstedt * (1335)
  5. Waxedt (466)
Data source: Thuringian State Office for Statistics

For the terms "administrative community" and "fulfilling community" see administrative community and fulfilling community (Thuringia) .

Territorial changes

Communities

Administrative communities and fulfilling communities

Culture and events

Eichsfeld home days

Eichsfeld Home Days of the Federation of Eichsfeld Associations have been taking place abroad on a regular basis since 1913, there were major interruptions during the two world wars. These always took place in changing locations in Eichsfeld; during the division of Germany , they took place predominantly in Lower Saxony's Lower Saxony area , and more rarely outside of it (for example in Wanfried in 1984 ). In contrast, such events were undesirable in the GDR . At the Eichsfeld Days there were various events such as the delegates' meeting of the Eichsfeld associations, a pageant and a festive service. Today, the Eichsfeld Days , which take place roughly every two years, are organized by the HVE Eichsfeld Touristik and the changing venues.

Eichsfeld Organ Autumn

Since 2003 organ concerts have been held regularly in autumn in changing churches in Eichsfeld. The initiator of this concert series is the current cantor for St. Marien in Heiligenstadt and the Eichsfeld region, KMD Michael Taxer. National as well as international soloists, ensembles and choirs appear.

Neo-Nazi "Eichsfeldtag"

Since 2011 the neo-Nazi right - wing rock festival "Eichsfeldtag" has been held annually in the Eichsfeld district , founded by the convicted neo-Nazi and NPD politician Thorsten Heise .

Web links

Commons : Landkreis Eichsfeld  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Population of the municipalities from the Thuringian State Office for Statistics  ( help on this ).
  2. On the historical development of the Eichsfeld
  3. ^ Hessian Lower Saxony General
  4. Thüringer Allgemeine , accessed on March 12, 2015
  5. Thüringer Allgemeine , accessed on March 12, 2015
  6. preliminary law on functional and territorial reform on thueringen.de, accessed on June 16, 2019
  7. thueringen.de , accessed on October 11, 2016
  8. http://www.wahlen.thueringen.de/WahlSeite.asp
  9. https://www.mdr.de/thueringen/wahlen-politik/wahlen/kommunalwahlen-2018/kommunalwahl-kandidaten-result-eichsfeldkreis100.html - accessed on May 24, 2018
  10. District election in Eichsfeld 2019 In: wahlen.thueringen.de .
  11. Future Atlas 2016. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on October 2, 2017 ; accessed on March 23, 2018 .
  12. Regional plan North Thuringia from June 27, 2012 , accessed on October 16, 2016
  13. ^ Population of the municipalities from the Thuringian State Office for Statistics  ( help on this ).
  14. ^ [1] Göttinger Tageblatt accessed on September 18, 2017
  15. [2] Thuringian State Gazette 29/2010
  16. ^ Orgelherbst on kirchen-musik-Eichsfeld.de
  17. Archived copy ( memento from September 20, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) on Bistum-Erfurt.de
  18. The organ autumn is still the core of the work. in: Thüringer Allgemeine from April 21, 2017
  19.  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.tlz.de
  20. ^ Bouncy castle, hatred and Hitler salute - malfunction alarms. In: zeit.de . Retrieved May 8, 2017 .
  21. Look to the right : Article on Eichsfeld Heimattag .
  22. terminus right .: Brown hate music in Eichsfeld. In: endstation-rechts.de. June 16, 2015, accessed September 14, 2017 .