Wilbich
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Wilbich
community Schimberg
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| Height : | 253 (240–280) m above sea level NN |
| Residents : | 400 |
| Incorporation : | July 30, 1997 |
| Postal code : | 37308 |
| Area code : | 036082 |
 Location of Wilbich in Schimberg
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Wilbich has been part of the Schimberg community , which was formed at the time as part of a municipal and territorial reform , in the Eichsfeld district in Thuringia since 1997 . The place is in the Eichsfeld-Hainich-Werratal Nature Park .
Geographical location
Wilbich is located about 15 kilometers south of the district town of Heiligenstadt , geographically the place belongs to the Obereichsfeld .
Mountains and elevations
The place Wilbich is located southwest of the Westerwald ridge , in a relatively narrow, northwest-oriented side valley of the Frieda . Wilbich is surrounded by the mountains and heights Eßberg ( 380.6 m above sea level ), Hungerberg ( 448.8 m above sea level ), Eichberg ( 425.3 m above sea level ), Eichenberg ( 348.1 m above sea level ), Weinberg ( 368.2 m above sea level ), Rollsberg ( 406.6 m above sea level ), Iberg ( 314 m above sea level ). Immediately on the outskirts is the Scharensberg ( 284.5 m above sea level ).
Waters
The Wildebach flows through the village and joins the Rosoppe river near the former mill .
Neighboring places
To the northwest of Wilbich is Ershausen , to the northeast Großbartloff and to the south Geismar .
history
Wilbich was first mentioned in a document on March 7, 1316.
The current place name is (presumably) derived from "Wilde Beche", which means that it means settlement on the torrent . In his studies on the field names of the Heiligenstädter Kreis, Erhard Müller points out that our ancestors formed the majority of wild field names mostly with the meaning of sterile - including wild . Thus Wilbich could also be understood as a “place where the agricultural yields are rather meager” . Which was also true in this case because of the sandy, rapidly drying out soils.
The place Wilbich and the majority of the neighboring places belonged to the administrative district of the castle Stein , only four kilometers away , after its destruction to the later built castle Bischofstein near Lengenfeld unterm Stein . This Stein Castle initially belonged to the fortifications of the Archdiocese of Mainz and at times came to the Lords of Plesse . The Archbishop of Mainz did not acquire it back for a considerable price until 1326, but had to share the rulership of the castle with the Landgrave of Thuringia (for contractual reasons) .
During the late Middle Ages, Wilbich existed as a hamlet-like settlement . In the village, a distinction is still made between the corridor areas “Ober Wilde Beche”, “Mittel Wilde Beche” and “Unter Wilde Beche”. The current location takes the place of "Mittel Wilde Beche".
The place ecclesiastically belonged to the parish of Großbartloff, but already had its own church in the 16th century. This first, probably still very modest village church was under the patronage of St. Maria Magdalena . The former village green was nearby, it is now built over.
As a result of warlike events, the land became deserted and many farmers of the Eichsfeld left their villages to look for work in the cities. The Thirty Years 'War and the Seven Years' War in particular had a devastating effect on the whole region. In addition, there were waves of plague and other epidemics to which the village population was left defenseless. In this context, the field name Im Seechen , west of Großbartloff, could refer to a temporarily necessary epidemic isolation ward.
The mill was one of the most important structures in the area. The Griesmühle powered by the Rosoppe , a bit away from the village, was originally a grinding mill. Their location was on the road from Ershausen to Geismar at the foot of the Iberg . From 1664 to 1823 it was owned by a Pudenz family of millers . The new owners had little luck: in 1857 a fire destroyed the main building, in 1867 the dilapidated mill was replaced by a new one, now other owners and tenants followed, after the war a resettler family also lived in the house. Around 1960 the mill was unusable and the mill wheel was removed. In 1982 the ruinous parts of the building were torn down.
According to a statistical study, the village of Wilbich had 595 Catholic and 4 Protestant residents around 1840. 80 houses, 90 stables and barns, two community houses, three jugs, four taverns and a school were also mentioned. Only one teacher could be employed, he taught the 68 school-age boys and 86 girls. The population still lived in oppressive poverty. At that time, Wilbich was mainly engaged in the business of collecting rags - after all, 70 people were involved in this business. Artisanal weaving and textile production was widespread in Eichsfeld, but only two primitive looms were found in Wilbich. The overview names a baker, a bricklayer, a butcher , a white binder, two breweries, a grinding mill, an oil mill, and ten maids as other commercial and handicraft businesses . Six grocers (victuals) and supplied the necessary groceries from outside.
The total livestock included 12 horses, a donkey, 66 cattle, 75 sheep, 11 goats and 36 pigs. The village corridor comprised 1079 acres , the agricultural area comprised 653 acres of arable land and 14 acres of garden land. In addition, 42 acres of private forest and 370 acres of fallow land were named. The yield of the fields was assessed as poor to mediocre.
The cigar factory that was established in the last century is still located on the eastern edge of the village . This is the only artisanal and industrial work opportunity in town to date. Today the working residents commute to neighboring communities and to Hesse.
After a short bombardment, Wilbich was occupied by the US Army on April 9, 1945 and handed over to the Red Army at the beginning of July - like all of Thuringia . So it became part of the Soviet Zone and, from 1949, of the GDR.
coat of arms
Blazon : “Split between green and black; in front a stylized silver font; at the back a silver, obliquely left wavy bar, covered with a blue trout figuratively. "
The Wilbicher coat of arms is split by green and black. In the green area it shows a stylized silver font. The black part of the coat of arms has a silver sloping wave bar and is covered with a blue trout. This is derived from the historical place name "Wilde Beche".
The coat of arms was designed by Karl-Heinz Fritze.
Culture and sights
The Wilbicher Carnival Association is known in Eichsfeld. Every year the fifth season is celebrated again with magnificent performances, hand-made speeches, shows and dancing.
Buildings
- The church of St. Maria-Magdalena in Wilbich belongs to the Catholic parish of Großbartloff. The simple church was built in 1912/13 in a larger form with only one aisle in place of the previous church. The font from 1571 comes from this.
- The parish hall is a multi-purpose building and the mayor's place of work. This building also has a long history, it was built on the old cemetery of Wilbich and served first as a school, then as a kindergarten. The Great Hall is available to all residents for family celebrations.
- Numerous listed half-timbered houses date back from the construction date to the 18th century.
literature
- Norbert Degenhard: Family book of the Catholic parish of Wilbich (Heiligenstadt district), 1683 to 1875. Leipzig: AMF 2008 (= Central German local family books of the AMF 8)
- Nikolaus Görich, Ursula Schulz, Helmut Godehardt: From the history of the Eichsfeld village of Wilbich. Revised reprint of the 1923 Chronicle expanded to include the period 1923–1997 . Ed .: Local council Wilbich. Mecke, Duderstadt 2004, ISBN 3-936617-18-X , p. 352 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Wolfgang Kahl: First mentions of Thuringian cities and villages up to 1300 . 1st edition, Erfurt 1996, p. 74, ISBN 3-931426-09-2
- ↑ Erhard Müller: Difficult field names in the district of Heiligenstadt . In: Kulturbund Worbis (Hrsg.): Eichsfelder Heimathefte . Issue 1. Heiligenstadt 1987, p. 87 .
- ^ Levin Freiherr von Wintzingeroda-Knorr: The desertions of the Eichsfeldes. List of desolations, prehistoric ramparts, mines, courts of justice and waiting areas within the districts of Duderstadt (province of Hanover), Heiligenstadt, Mühlhausen (state and city) and Worbis (province of Saxony) . Ed .: Historical Commission for the Province of Saxony and the Duchy of Anhalt. Halle / Saale 1903, p. 1271 .
- ↑ Wolfram Kaiser: Medicine on the Eichsfeld . In: Kulturbund Worbis (Hrsg.): Eichsfelder Heimathefte . Heiligenstadt 1985, p. 96 .
- ↑ Erhard Müller: sick names on the Eichsfeld . In: Kulturbund Worbis (Hrsg.): Eichsfelder Heimathefte . Issue 3. Heiligenstadt 1979, p. 267-271 .
- ↑ Volker Große, Klaus Herzberg: Wilbich, "Griesmühle" . In: Maik Pinkert (Ed.): Mühlen im Obereichsfeld. A compendium . Eichsfeld-Verlag, Heiligenstadt 2008, ISBN 978-3-935782-13-5 , p. 360-361 .
- ↑ Carl August Noback : Detailed geographical-statistical-topographical description of the administrative district of Erfurt . Erfurt 1841, p. 174 .