Ferrule (sunstone)
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ferrule
Rural community of Sonnenstein
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| Height : | 181 m above sea level NN |
| Area : | 5.17 km² |
| Residents : | 415 (Dec. 31, 2010) |
| Population density : | 80 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | December 1, 2011 |
| Postal code : | 37345 |
| Area code : | 036072 |
 Location of Zwinge in Sonnenstein
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 Town center with village fountain on the Anger; in the background the former rectory
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Zwinge is a village in the Thuringian district of Eichsfeld . It is one of the few villages in the Eichsfeld district that does not belong to the historical Eichsfeld ; Zwinge is already in the landscape of the southern Harz region. Since December 1, 2011, the formerly independent municipality has been part of the rural municipality of Sonnenstein .
geography
Geographical location
Zwinge is located in the far north of the Eichsfeld district on the border between the state of Thuringia and the Göttingen district in Lower Saxony . In terms of nature, the area in the southern Harz foreland is part of the Silkeroder hill country . Zwinge spreads in the Ellertal, where the Weilroder Eller and the Geroder Eller flow together. Due to the very hilly landscape, the area around Zwinge is also known as the "Bucklige Welt". This southern Harz foreland with its romantic valleys and forest-covered heights heralds the proximity to the Harz low mountain range.
mountains
The place is surrounded by small hills and mountains: Ziegenberg ( 225.5 m above sea level ), Brachsgrube ( 302 m above sea level ), Eichberg ( 242.3 m above sea level ), Osterberg ( 227.6 m above sea level) ), Wolfsberg ( 290.2 m above sea level ), Lochberg ( 308.9 m above sea level ), Komesberg ( 256.2 m above sea level ), Zwinger Schnackenberg ( 246.9 m above sea level ) and Galgenberg ( 211 , 8 m above sea level ).
The Wolfsberg
The Wolfsberg is located southwest of the town of Zwinge. It is also surrounded by the places Brochthausen and Jützenbach and is in the Zwinge district at the highest point 290.2 m above sea level. NN. The former inner-German border between Zwinge and Brochthausen ran over the mountain to a large extent. Parts of the old Kolonnenweg are still partially preserved today and are part of the Green Belt nature reserve . The areas of the Wolfsberg on the Thuringian side are mainly used agriculturally for arable farming and cattle breeding. The smaller part of Lower Saxony is mainly covered by beech forest. From Zwinge, Jützenbach and Brochthausen, paved paths lead to the top of the mountain, where there is a refuge.
The name of the mountain can be traced back to ancient traditions associated with the wolf as an animal. From a report from the Bote von der Allerburg from 1898 it is written:
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Wolfsberg:
- The village of Zwinge is thought to have been built in the year of Christ 1017, and an idol stood in the tower of Thon, was called S. Jacobus, but in 1710 it was knocked over and torn out. There were many wolves back then. At Zwinge there is a mountain called the Wolfsberg. Back then, an old shoemaker lived in front of Wolfsberg. The wolves took his wife away from the door that winter night. She has hung a black skirt around her to make her home. The wolf carried her into the mountain. So the woman left her skirt and ran away. As soon as she enters the house, her three wolves have been behind her. The shoemaker's name was Kesehage. It was in the year when Jost von Minnigerode was slain by the robbers in the Knorren-Berken in 1570.
The Lochberg
The Lochberg extends northeast of the town of Zwinge in the direction of Silkerode and Bockelnhagen. The areas of the Lochberg are distributed almost equally across the boundaries of the three localities. At its highest point it is about 308.9 m above sea level. NN. Large parts of the areas in the Zwinge district are used as arable and meadow areas and to a small extent as forest areas. The name Lochberg could come from the multitude of holes it has. The holes are actually small valleys. So find in his neighborhood z. B. Valley cuts with the name Brachsgrube or Sandkuhle. Up until the second half of the last century, sand was extracted as a building material in the immediate vicinity of Lochberg. From Zwinge it went over the Lochberg on the so-called "Burgweg" to the Allerburg. Today there is a radio tower on top of it, which made access to the digital world, Internet and telephony, considerably easier or even possible in the first place. Since about 1962 the name “Russian bunker” has also appeared on the Lochberg after it was more or less permanently “occupied” by a small group of Soviet soldiers. It served as a listening post and was equipped with listening technology. The squad belonged to a communications unit that was stationed in Mühlhausen. The soldiers performed their service under extremely simple conditions, at times in the open air with campfires and self-sufficiency, where nature helped with game, mushrooms and berries. At that time, the ZBO (Central Construction Organization) from Zwinge massively expanded the access to the Lochberg to the “Russian Bunker” and declared it as “Agricultural Road Construction”. A massive building was erected on the mountain by the building brigade of the LPG, which served as a small "command post". The "Plattenstrasse" and the building are still there today. The Soviet soldiers camped in a crew bunker, which was connected to the main bunker by a trench. From the main bunker one had a view of the Göttingen plain with its traffic routes through a viewing shaft. With German unification, the Soviet soldiers withdrew from this ridge. Remains of the Soviet bunker systems of the communication unit can still be seen or preserved today. However, some parts, such as B. the ditch, already collapsed or in danger of collapsing. The name "Russenbunker" is still very common among the population today and describes an area from which one has a view of Zwinge, Bockelnhagen, Silkerode, Jützenbach and the Göttingen plain.
The Komesberg
The Komesberg is located north of Zwinge directly adjacent to the locality. It is a slightly smaller hill below Lochberg. At its highest point it is 256.2 m above sea level. NN high. The area of the Komesberg belongs exclusively to the Zwinge district. The Komesberg is partly built on on its south side on the Bergstrasse from Zwinge. In addition, the Zwinge cemetery with its mourning hall, which was fundamentally renovated in 2017, is located immediately below the top of the hill.
The gallows mountain
The Galgenberg is a small elevation north of the town of Zwinge directly on the former inner-German border. Today the Galgenberg lies directly on the border of the federal states of Thuringia and Lower Saxony and has a height of 211.8 m above sea level at its highest point. NN. For decades the former Zwinge brickworks stood at the foot of the Galgenberg, and today a small solar park is located there. Right next to the former brickworks, clay was extracted as a natural raw material for brick production on Galgenberg until the fall of the Wall. With the closure of the brickworks shortly after the fall of the Wall, the mining of clay in Zwinge was also ended. In the north, the Galgenberg is bounded by the Schmalau brook, which was also the border brook of the inner-German border.
The name of the mountain can be traced back to an old place of execution or courtroom with a gallows, which was demonstrably located on the left side of the Schmalau near Zwinge until the beginning of the 16th century. In 1648 the Lords of Minnigerode had a new gallows erected on the right side of the Schmalau, today's Galgenberg.
Waters
Zwinge is located in the Ellertal at the confluence of the Weilroder Eller and Geroder Eller rivers. The Eller takes shortly after the union of its headwaters the Schmalau west of ferrule. The river belongs to the river system of the Weser , its water feeds the Rhume , the Leine and the Aller one after the other .
Neighboring places
Adjacent to clamp the north Silkerode , east Bockelnhagen in southeastern White-Lüderode in the southwest, Jützenbach and in the West, the district Göttingen associated municipalities Hilkerode , Rhumspringe and Duderstadt , district Brochthausen, and the resort Pöhlde .
history
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Zwinge was first mentioned in 1334 in a Braunschweig document relating to a "Dethard von Dwinge". In this document dated May 22, 1334, Duke Heinrich II of Braunschweig named the place as part of an annual fee. He undertook to pay a fortune (a quarter of a mark) in favor of the "Brothers Dethard and Hermann von Zwinge" from his estate in Brochthausen. The place belonged to the castle district of the castle Allerburg , which is 3 km east of the local situation on the Allerberg. The Minnigerode family appeared as court lords and lords of the castle . The Gerode Monastery, founded around 1120 and only 5 km away at the source of the Geroder Eller and the town of Duderstadt, were also important for the development of the place . After 1945 the place was in the immediate vicinity of the inner-German border . Places similar to the border were partially abandoned by the GDR and the population resettled. Zwinge owes its survival exclusively to the brickworks located there, whose products the socialist scarcity state could not do without. However, the place was completely cordoned off from 1966 and could only be entered with special permission. After reunification , the village regained its importance in a central location in the southern Harz. The once vital brick factory was shut down and demolished in 2012, where a solar park was built.
The available resources of forest and water played a major role in the economic basis of the village. Studies of economic history have shown that there was a forest glassworks at the Gerode monastery in the 16th century due to the abundance of forests . For their operation, the neighboring towns were instructed to deliver fuel and potash . The brick making industry in Zwinge also goes back to the monastery. Quarries and lime kilns for the buildings in the nearby town of Duderstadt and elsewhere can still be found in the corridor in many places. 5 mills - the pond mill was located directly in front of Zwinge - were operated with the water power of the Eller. In the woodworking trade, wood turners and büttner were predominant. In the 19th century, many men moved to the emerging cities as building craftsmen. The Bismarckshall potash plant was built as the first industrial company in nearby Bischofferode in 1911 . Industry also took care of the construction of the Bleicherode Ost – Herzberg railway line , so Zwinge received its own railway connection. According to old traditions, the town of Zwinge is based on a settlement around 300 AD. Members of a Germanic tribe, the Cherusci , settled on a hill at the confluence of the Eller streams, Weilröder Eller and Geröder Eller. They called their branch "to dem Twinge". "Twinge" later became Zwinge. The term "dwinge" was also common. Maybe the name can be traced back to an old thing site . Buschenrode gives “Twinge” as the oldest name. August von Minnigerode suspected the origin to be before the year 531. In the 4th century the Cheruscans united with other tribes to form the Saxon League. At the same time, the fishing rods and warning mingled with the Hermunduren , from which the Association of Thuringians emerged. An old border wall, which separated the tribal areas of the old Saxons and the Thuringians , ran from the Eller-Helme watershed via Mönchberg, Weißenborn, Lüderode, Sonnenstein Ohmgebirge to Hesse. From the 8th century onwards, Franks also came to the area of Zwinge. Remains of an important Franconian and early German castle complex have been found on the nearby Hasenburg .
The name Twinge refers to an old court building; with Twing a court circle was called in earlier times. There are no news from the oldest times about the holding of a court in the village. It was not until the beginning of the 17th century that a court yard was located north of Zwinge on the Galgenberg. Until the 19th century, Zwinge was the seat of the von Minnigerodschen court in Allerburg "openly as a complaint court". An old court order for the open court in Zwinge from 1651 is still in place (Rassow). In the 17th, 18th and until the 19th centuries, the barons of Minnigerode exercised high and low jurisdiction over their subjects in Zwinge. In 1628, Bastian Apel, who had committed robbery in the Allerburg court, was executed and buried there at the court in the Möncherode desert on the right bank of the Schmalau. But since the bailiff zu Herzberg had the two gallows demolished, the von Minnigerode erected a new gallows in 1648 on the left bank of the stream in the Zwinge district.
With the seizure of the Eichsfeld and the adjacent regions by the Kingdom of Prussia clamp belonged starting from 1816 to the district Worbis and from 1952 to the county Worbis . From 1952 to 1989 Zwinge was in the restricted area directly on the inner-German border and the residents were subject to numerous restrictions. The railway line from Bleicherode to Herzberg was also interrupted and Zwinge station became the terminus. In 1994 the new districts of Worbis and Heiligenstadt merged to form the district of Eichsfeld. On December 1, 2011, the community of Zwinge merged with seven other communities of the Eichsfeld-Südharz administrative community to form the rural community of Sonnenstein.
Population development
In 1572, Zwinge had 43 mansions. If you multiply this number with the assumed average head number of a family at that time, so 4.65 Zwinge had about 200 inhabitants in 1572. In 1905 Zwinge had 583 inhabitants; In 1919 the population rose to 723. After the census on December 1, 1916, it fell again to 548. This ups and downs in the population in the period from 1905 to 1916 is due to the construction of the Großbodungen -Zwinge- Herzberg railway line . Many of the workers involved in the construction of the railway left the site after the construction of the line was completed. During the First World War , 103 men from Zwinge were called up for military service, of which 10 were killed by February 1917, one was missing and three were taken prisoner.
Pet name: Twinger Schwengelschieter
Since 1950, the number of inhabitants has steadily declined due to the boundary conditions. More precise population figures are available for the 20th century:
Development of the population (December 31) :
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- Data source: Thuringian State Office for Statistics
coat of arms
Blazon : "In red a golden wavy rafters lowered to the head of the shield , accompanied by a silver scales at the top and a silver linden leaf at the bottom."
The coat of arms of the municipality of Zwinge shows half a golden wave rafter in a red shield, which stands for the confluence of the Eller in the locality. The silver scales at the top of the coat of arms as a symbol of justice symbolize the place of court in Zwinge and are intended to remind the population of the preservation of the sense of justice. Finally, the silver linden leaf symbolizes the court linden tree and the typical trees in the area.
Culture and sights
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The ruins of the Allerburg already attracted the population and foreign guests in the 19th century. The remains of the former border structures and the tracks of the former railway line are now part of the Green Belt nature reserve . On December 15, 1999, the district administrators of the neighboring districts of Göttingen , Osterode and Eichsfeld planted a peace oak on the Zwinge-Brochthausen route . The attached information board reminds of the opening of the border in December 1989.
church
Protestant village church St. Jakobus (Zwinge)
War memorial
The sandstone monument is next to the church. The granite slab attached to it bears the names and dates of the fallen and missing from both world wars.
- Inscriptions:
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Nobody has greater love than that he lays his life down for his friends
In memory of the fallen
Economy and Infrastructure
The areas of the district are mainly used for agriculture (arable and dairy farming).
Established businesses
- Brick factory Zwinge Jacobi & Co. Most of the brickyard's buildings were demolished in summer 2012. There is now a solar park on the brickyard's premises.
- Sommer Transporte Eichsfeld GmbH
- Source:
Road traffic
The L 1012 runs through the town of Zwinge to Worbis ; the L 1013 to Bockelnhagen with connection to the B 243 ( Osterode - Nordhausen ). The Lower Saxony L 531 also leads to Duderstadt .
Rail transport
Since 1911, Zwinge had a train station on the Bleicherode Ost – Herzberg railway line . As a result of the war events and the border situation, the operation of the line was interrupted and gradually ceased from 1961.
mayor
The last honorary mayor before the incorporation, Andrea Schwarze , was re-elected on June 6, 2010.
societies
- Kennel Carnevals Club
- Schützenverein Sankt Hubertus Zwinge
- Sportgemeinschaft Grün-Weiß Zwinge
- Volunteer fire service ferrule
- Fishing club
literature
- Heinrich Thürich: The development of professional activity in Weißenborn-Lüderode . In: Kulturbund der DDR, Kreisleitung Worbis (Hrsg.): Eichsfelder Heimathefte . Issue 2. Heiligenstadt 1985, p. 152-160 .
- Carl Duval: "Allerburg" . In: The Eichsfeld . (Reprint). Harro von Hirschheydt Verlag, Hannover-Dören 1979, ISBN 3-7777-0002-9 , p. 378-382 .
- Reinhardt Wagner: 850 years of Gerode Monastery: Festschrift , Gerode 1999.
Web links
- Eichsfeldprojekt - Page about ferrules ( Memento from October 6, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
- Images of the zone boundary at Zwinge
Individual evidence
- ↑ Thuringian Land Surveying Office TK25 - sheet 4428 Weißenborn-Lüderode (Thuringia) , Erfurt, 2006
- ^ Sonnenstein community. Retrieved September 4, 2018 .
- ^ The messenger from the Allerburg . Zwinge, Silkerode, Bockelnhagen, Weilrode 1898.
- ↑ History workshop : field names from the Ellertal and their stories . 2018.
- ↑ Duke Heinrich II transfers the brothers Dethard and Hermann von dem Dwinge an annual pension from a four-way estate from the property in Brochthausen. Retrieved January 16, 2018 .
- ↑ StBA: Area changes from January 1st to December 31st, 2011
- ↑ Heike Herold: Fallen memorials. Accessed in 2012 .
- ↑ Federal Company Register
- ^ Thuringian State Office for Road Construction, Road Map Thuringia. 1: 200,000 , Erfurt 2005
- ↑ Local elections in Thuringia on June 6, 2010. Elections for community and city council members. Preliminary results. The regional returning officer, accessed on June 6, 2010 .