Gerode Monastery

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Ruins of the Gerode abbey church

The Gerode Monastery (Latin Abbatia Sancti Michaelis et Beatae Mariae Virginis Gerodensis ) is a former Benedictine abbey in Eichsfeld in Thuringia , about one kilometer south of Weißenborn-Lüderode . It was founded around 1100 as the first monastery in the Electoral Mainz Eichsfeld - after the St. Martin's monastery in Heiligenstadt  , which had existed for over a century at that time .

location

The Gerode monastery is located on the 203 district road south of Weißenborn-Lüderode about 12 kilometers northeast of Leinefelde-Worbis in the northeast of the Eichsfeld. The monastery and the associated place Gerode are located in a valley below the Winkelberg (415 m), the Geroder Eller rises a little to the south .

history

middle Ages

Count Widelo and his son Rüdiger are named as the founder of the monastery , who also furnished it with goods from their own property. Most of the goods transferred were located near the monastery and, due to its size, granted it early prosperity: including the village of Gerode, plus goods (in Fuhrbach, Widelrode, Kißenrode), tithes and a few hooves in other places. The name Rudegerus comes was recorded in a necrology in Gerode . Since the monastery was not yet completed when the two counts died, Richardis and her sons continued to build . Richardis was the widow of Margrave Rudolf von Stade , although it is uncertain to what extent the Counts of Stade came into possession of the Eichsfeld. She gave the monastery a court in Budstedt with ministerials and courts in Hildenhagen, Immental and Jützenbach. As the founder and / or the perfector of the monastery, she handed it over to Archbishop Adalbert of Mainz as property in Erfurt in 1124 with the approval of her children and only reserved the property right for herself. In addition, she transferred Harburg Castle to the Archbishop . As a sign of submission to the archbishop's chair, the monastery was supposed to pay a golden bizanz or a four-piece silver every year on St. Martin's Day .

In the late Middle Ages , the monastery and its possessions were badly affected by wars, feuds and the plague . In 1467 the abbey joined the Reform Congregation of Bursfelde . The Peasants 'War in 1525 and the Thirty Years' War that raged here from 1622 had devastating consequences. After the Mainz government had already dealt with the idea of ​​abolishing the Benedictine abbey in 1790, it was abolished in 1803 by the Kingdom of Prussia , to which Eichsfeld had belonged since 1802. The former monastery has now become a state domain . At that time the property consisted of 960 acres of arable land, 144 acres of meadows, 33 acres of gardens, 2400 acres of forest and 234 acres of land at the Fuhrbach farm and 300 acres of land at the Ohlenroder Hof in Gieboldehausen. There was a close organizational relationship with the Benedictine nunnery of Zella - called Friedenspring - in the Unstrut-Hainich district on the southern edge of the Eichsfeld, and the Gerode monastery provided the provosts of the Zella monastery.

Gate to the Gerode monastery area

After secularization in 1802

The first general tenant of the Prussian domain with the Vorwerk Fuhrbach of a total of 931 hectares became the Oberamtmann Konrad Heinrich Goldmann in 1805. After his death he was followed as tenant:

  • from 1837 to 1868: Amtsrat Gustav Wilhelm Felber at Teistungenburg (son-in-law of KH Goldmann)
  • from 1868 to 1871: economist Julius Felber (son of GW Felber)
  • from 1871 to 1898: Oberamtmann Max Jordan (2nd husband of Johanna Felber, née Gremse auf Teistungenburg)
  • from 1898 to 1927: Oberamtmann Ernst Lorenz
  • from 1927 to 1945: Konrad Lorenz (son of E. Lorenz)

During the Second World War , more than 20 men and women from Poland and Ukraine had to do forced labor on the farm since 1939 .

Use in the GDR era

In 1946 the state domain was dissolved and, in the course of the land reform, it was divided up with smallholders in the same way as large private property. After the Second World War , the undestroyed buildings in the GDR were initially used as a children's home (1952–1956), as a youth work center (1959–1961), as accommodation for the NVA (1962–1967) and finally as a training and holiday center for the RFT Leipzig .

Current situation

The buildings and the park have been owned by a non-profit association since 1994. The park, designated as a natural monument , contains a unique structure in terms of its wood composition and size. There are 13 ash trees , mostly near the pond, two weeping willows, two sycamore trunks , four chestnuts , all of which point to an age of over 200 years. The morbid charm of the complex also includes the 900-meter-long surrounding wall, which is still preserved in ruins.

Abbots of Gerode

  • Eberhard as the first abbot
  • 1143 Herimann
  • 1147, 1154 Eberhard (by Gunzelin by Grosus)
  • 1308 Eckebert
  • 1372–1429: Heinrich von Wintzingerode
  • 1429–1448: Herwig von Wintzingerode
  • 1556–1583: Rumpold Collart von Linden
  • 1583-1602: Jodocus Römer
  • 1602–1625: Nikolaus Probst
  • 1625–163 ?: Johannes Brewer
  • 163? –1642: Nikolaus Dildenius
  • 1642–1655: Johannes Wachelius
  • 1655–1676: Johannes Placidius Fischer
  • 1676–1690: Thomas Weinrich
  • 1690–1704: Nikolaus Richartz
  • 1704–1709: Boniface quail
  • 1724–1747: Augustinus Streicher
  • 1748–1759: Antonius Wüstefeld
  • 1759–1787: Anselm Otto
  • 1787–1803: Edmund Otto

Provosts of the Zella monastery , who come from Gerode

  • 1643–1658: P. Matthias Gries
  • 1682–1704: P. Bonifatius Wachtel
  • 1705-1714: P. Odo Thüne
  • 1722–1744: P. Hieronymus Weiss
  • 1744–1748: P. Antonius Wüstefeld
  • 1748–1762: P. Odo Wegerich
  • 1762-1773: P. Bonifatius Kesting
  • 1777-1804: P. Joseph Klapproth

Court of Gerode

The Gerode court on a map from 1759

The court or Stift Gerode was probably part of the Ohmfeldgau in the early Middle Ages and even after it was taken over by Kurmainz, it formed its own judicial district with the following locations: Bischofferode , Jützenbach , Holungen , Lüderode and Weißenborn . In addition, the monastery possessed sovereignty over more than 10 desolate places (for example Ascha, Fischbach, Solebach, Wenigenbischofferode). A place of execution on the Iberg near Weißenborn-Lüderode was also part of the jurisdiction with the blood spell .

literature

  • Reinhard Wagner: 850 years of Gerode Monastery (Festschrift) . 1999.
  • Helmut Flachenecker : The Benedictine monastery Gerode: an old-faith monastery and its endangered internal and external autonomy in the 16th century . In: Studies and communications on the history of the Benedictine order and its branches . tape 120 . EOS-Verlag, 2009, ISSN  0303-4224 , p. 115-126 .
  • Norbert Jörg Wiemuth: The Benedictine Abbey “St. Marien und St. Michael ”in Gerode in its beginnings . In: Eichsfeld yearbook . tape 7 . Mecke, Duderstadt 1999, p. 5-45 .
  • Carl Duval : Gerode Monastery . In: The Eichsfeld . (Reprint). Harro von Hirschheydt Verlag, Hannover-Dören 1979, ISBN 3-7777-0002-9 , p. 242-271 .
  • Bernhard Sacrificemann : The Zella Monastery Book of the Dead for 1550–1810 . In: Kulturbund der DDR, Kreisleitung Worbis (Hrsg.): Eichsfelder Heimathefte . Booklet 3. Eichsfelddruck Heiligenstadt, Heiligenstadt 1979, p. 229-238 .
  • Bernhard sacrifice man: The monasteries of the Eichsfeld. The results of the research . 3rd revised and expanded edition. FW Cordier, Heiligenstadt 1998, ISBN 3-929413-46-9 , p. 46-75 .
  • Paul Lauerwald: The Gerode monastery and the imperial city of Nordhausen. Dispute over the interest on a loan granted to the imperial city . In: Eichsfeld yearbook . tape 18 . Mecke Druck, Duderstadt 2010, ISBN 978-3-86944-023-1 , p. 27-35 .

Web links

Commons : Kloster Gerode  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Johann Wolf: Eichsfeldische Kirchengeschichte: with documents. Göttingen 1816, p. 73
  2. ^ Carl Duval: The Eichsfeld or historical-romantic description of all cities, castles, palaces, monasteries, villages and other noteworthy points of the Eichsfeld . Eupel, Sondershausen 1845, p. 244 .
  3. ↑ Monika and Gerd Leuckefeld: About some domains in Eichsfeld between 1807 and 1814. In: Eichsfeld-Jahrbuch , ISSN  1610-6741 , vol. 17 (2009), p. 189.
  4. ↑ Thuringian Association of the Persecuted of the Nazi Regime - Association of Antifascists and Study Group of German Resistance 1933–1945 (ed.): Heimatgeschichtlicher Wegweiser to sites of resistance and persecution 1933–1945 (series: Heimatgeschichtliche Wegweiser Volume 8 Thüringen ). Erfurt 2003, ISBN 3-88864-343-0 , p. 34.
  5. ↑ Ewald Heerda: The park of Gerode . In: Discoveries in the Eichsfeld. Interesting facts from the woods and fields . Self-published by the author, Heiligenstadt 1993, p. 36 .
  6. ^ Johann Wolf: Eichsfeldische Kirchengeschichte: with 134 documents. Göttingen 1816, p. 13 VIII.
  7. ↑ RIplus Regg. EB Mainz 1 [after 1777], in: Regesta Imperii Online [1] (Retrieved September 8, 2017)
  8. ↑ RIplus Regg. EB Mainz 1 [after 1942], in: Regesta Imperii Online [2] (Retrieved September 8, 2017)
  9. ↑ RIplus Regg. EB Mainz 1,1 n. 1183, in: Regesta Imperii Online [3] (accessed on September 8, 2017)
  10. ↑ Bernhard Sacrifice man: shaping the calibration field. St. Benno-Verlag Leipzig and Verlag FW Cordier Heiligenstadt 1968, page 328
  11. ↑ a b Bernhard Opfermann: The Book of the Dead of Kloster Zella for 1550-1810 . In: Kulturbund der DDR, Kreisleitung Worbis (Hrsg.): Eichsfelder Heimathefte . Booklet 3. Eichsfelddruck Heiligenstadt, Heiligenstadt 1979, p. 233 .
  12. ↑ Johann Wolf: Political history of the Eichsfeld with documents explained. Volume 1, Göttingen 1792, §16 page 25, §74 pages 116-119.

Coordinates: 51 ° 31 '  N , 10 ° 25'  E