Wintzingerode (noble family)

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Coat of arms of those of Wintzingerode

Wintzingerode is a German nobility family , named after the municipality of Wintzingerode (now a district of the town of Leinefelde-Worbis ) in Eichsfeld and has been divided into two lines since 1668.

history

In two documents dated September 21, 1209, the family with Bertoldus de Wincigeroth (in different spellings) was first mentioned among the noble witnesses. Its headquarters are in the village of Wintzingerode near Worbis. In the course of the late Middle Ages, the family acquired extensive property in Eichsfeld, in today's Lower Saxony , in Hesse and Thuringia . From 1337, the family owned shares in Bodenstein Castle , from 1448 they held them in sole ownership until 1945. Between 1380 and 1583, Scharfenstein Castle (Eichsfeld) was owned to varying degrees.

In the wake of the Reformation and Counter-Reformation , the family lost wealth and influence, but was able to keep its core property around Bodenstein Castle and, with the help of the Guelphs, achieved the continuation of the Protestant creed in the villages of Kirchohmfeld , Kaltohmfeld , Wehnde , Tastungen and Wintzingerode . As a result of the dispute between Kurmainz and Braunschweig over feudal sovereignty over Bodenstein after the death of the last Hohnstein count in 1593, the family acquired the iura circa sacra ( church sovereignty ), which they exercised until 1803. In addition, the family was entitled to the high and low jurisdiction, the high and low hunt and the mountain shelf .

Bodenstein Castle (family-owned 1337–1945)
Bodenstein aerial view from the southeast
Gut Adelsborn (family property 1337–1945)
Wehnde mansion
Scharfenstein Castle (family property 1380–1583)
Pottenstein Castle (family property since 1918)

In the course of the 15th to 18th centuries, members of the family built the Unterhof and Oberhof mansions in Kirchohmfeld, the Adelsborn castle and the mansions in Wehnde, Tastungen and Wintzingerode within the Bodenstein domain . Today the Unterhof in Kirchohmfeld still exists. Adelsborn, Wehnde and Tastungen were willfully destroyed after the end of the war, and the Oberhof in Kirchohmfeld was demolished in 2005. In 2017 the manor house in Wintzingerode was demolished, the park of which was sprawled by numerous new buildings during the GDR era and is hardly recognizable.

On August 21, 1794 , the electoral chamberlain and landgrave of Hesse, Georg Ernst Levin von Wintzingerode auf Bodenstein and his descendants were raised by Emperor Franz II to the hereditary imperial count with the predicate “high and well-born”. The baron status of the other family members was confirmed by the Reich in 1803 and by Prussia in 1830 (excluding the House of Auleben ). In the Auleben line, only a possible senior administrator was allowed to hold the title of baron.

In 1803 the Eichsfeld fell with the reign of Bodenstein to Prussia and after a Prussian felony lawsuit brought against the entire family , Friedrich Wilhelm III recognized them. after initial reluctance as overlord. In 1807 the Eichsfeld came to the newly formed Kingdom of Westphalia . Its legislation began a development in the course of which, until the second half of the 19th century, the family lost their remaining sovereign rights as well as the land given to feudal recipients in 25 villages of the Eichsfeld. What remained was the previously self-cultivated areas in the Ohm Mountains . No use was made of the possibility of setting up a patrimonial court under the General Prussian Land Law. In 1905 the historical novel Die von Wintzingerode by Paul Schreckenbach was published , which deals with the events of Berthold XI. von Wintzingerode (1505–1575) at the beginning of the Counter Reformation . He experienced several new editions up into the 1930s.

According to the "Ordinance on the Democratic Land Reform", the branches of the family resident in Eichsfeld were expelled. Her property, the Bodenstein, Adelsborn, Wehnde, Tastungen, Kirchohmfeld-Unterhof and Wintzingerode estates (together around 2200 hectares) were confiscated. Since 1996, the Counts of Wintzingerode have been resident again on the Eichsfeld and manage a forestry operation on repurchased forest areas from their former Fideikommiss Bodenstein, the so-called Bodenwald in the western Ohm Mountains .

One of the baronial branches of the family has owned Pottenstein Castle in Franconian Switzerland since 1918 .

In Vienna there is a street named after Ferdinand Freiherr von Wintzingerode and in Leipzig-Meusdorf there is a Wintzingerodeweg. There is a Winzingerodeweg in Hanover.

coat of arms

The ancestral Arms is as follows described : "Argent, a sloping red halberd top with abwärtigem hooks. The red halberd tip on the red and silver puffed helmet with red and silver blankets. ”Heraldic motto: “ Doing right always keeps its price. ”

Well-known representatives

Poetic processing of the family history

The pastor Paul Schreckenbach from Klitzschen wrote the novel Die von Wintzingerode , published in Leipzig in 1905 , in the center of which Berthold XI. from Wintzingerode to Bodenstein Castle.

literature

  • Genealogical handbook of nobility , Adelslexikon Volume XVI, Volume 137 of the complete series, CA Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn) 2005, ISSN  0435-2408
  • Gothaisches genealogical pocket book of the baronial houses , 1857, seventh year, p.860
  • Ernst Heinrich Kneschke , New General German Nobility Lexicon , Volume 9, S.584f
  • Ernst Heinrich Kneschke, Deutsche Grafen-Haeuser der Gegenwart: in heraldic, historical and genealogical relation , Volume 2, p.678
  • Gothaisches genealogical pocket book of baronial houses , 1858, p.852
  • Heinrich Jobst Graf von Wintzingerode: “Doing right always keeps its price”. The story of the Lords of Wintzingerode and Bodenstein Castle. Großbodungen 2004, Bodunger contributions 8, part / booklet I 60 pages, numerous plates with black-and-white and color images; Part / Book II 38 pages, numerous plates with black-and-white and color illustrations
  • Heinrich Jobst Graf von Wintzingerode: The family von Wintzingerode and the Bodenstein. In: Burgen, Schlösser, Gutshäuser, Ed. Bruno J. Sobotka, Theiss Verlag Stuttgart 1995, pp. 228-236
  • Sittig-Wasmuth Frhr. von Wintzingerode-Knorr: Continuation of the family tables with explanations for the noble, imperial counts and baronial von Wintingerode (-Knorr) family from 1848–1960. Wolfsburg 2004, 141 pages, several illustrations and family tables, ISBN 3-931481-12-3

Web links

Commons : Wintzingerode (noble family)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. in: The Regest of the Archbishops of Mainz
  2. a b c Bernhard sacrifice man : shaping the calibration field. St. Benno-Verlag Leipzig and Verlag FW Cordier Heiligenstadt 1968
  3. Paul Schreckenbach : The von Wintzingerode in the Gutenberg-DE project