Meusdorf

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Coat of arms of Leipzig
Meusdorf
district of Leipzig
Coordinates 51 ° 17 '25 "  N , 12 ° 26' 13"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 17 '25 "  N , 12 ° 26' 13"  E
height 150  m
surface 1.95 km²
Residents 3407 (Dec. 31, 2018)
Population density 1747 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation 1910
Post Code 04289
prefix 0341
Borough Southeast
Transport links
tram 2, 15
bus 75, 172
Source: District Catalog of the City of Leipzig 2010
Quarterly Statistical Report IV / 2011
statistik.leipzig.de

Meusdorf is a district of Leipzig that was created through incorporation in 1910. According to the municipal structure of Leipzig from 1992, Meusdorf is also a district of Leipzig belonging to the south-east district . In this division, the former Park Hospital, the detention center and the line settlement, which until then were dozing belonged to Meusdorf. The description of their history can therefore be found in the article on dozing.

Location and local characteristics

Leipzig lion at the entrance to Meusdorf

Meusdorf is about seven kilometers southeast of Leipzig city center. It is bounded in the north by Höltystraße, in the east by Prager Straße and the buildings on Tollweg, in the south by Osten-Sacken- and Gortschakoffweg and in the west (as a district) by Chemnitzer Straße. Its neighboring districts or towns in a clockwise direction, starting from the north, are Probstheida , Holzhausen , Liebertwolkwitz , Wachau (Markkleeberg) and Dosen. Until Liebertwolkwitz was incorporated into Leipzig in 2000, Meusdorf represented the south-eastern outskirts of Leipzig, marked by a Leipzig lion.

Meusdorf on a map from 1907

Meusdorf is a purely residential area, which is mainly characterized by one and two-family houses. These emerged mainly in the 1930s. Until then, Meusdorf consisted only of the Alte Schäferei Vorwerk and the “Park Meusdorf” tavern on the road to Grimma. With the gardens by the houses and other green areas and trees, Meusdorf offers a rural environment. The Leinegraben rises in the Meusdorf area and crosses the pond behind the Vorwerk and flows via Dosen and Dölitz to Mühlpleiße .

history

Vorwerk

Pond and Vorwerk Meusdorf (1897)

Meusdorf was first mentioned as Mitisdorf in 1245. In 1254, the Thomaskloster Leipzig acquired the place. The village was probably destroyed during the Hussite incursions in 1429, because it is later referred to several times as desert . Only a few houses of the later sheep farm and a tavern survived. In 1636 the Leipzig merchant Georg Winckler bought Gut Dölitz with the now apparently existing Vorwerk Meusdorf and built a brick factory there. It remained connected to the Dölitz manor.

In 1791 there are talk of 300 merino sheep in the Vorwerk Meusdorf, but in 1819 only 32 sheep, 60 cows and 20 horses. In 1843 Meusdorf had 39 inhabitants and in 1871 43, of which 40 were active in agriculture. Until 1856, Meusdorf was part of the Electoral Saxon or Royal Saxon District Office in Leipzig . From 1856 the place belonged to the court office Leipzig II and from 1875 to the administrative authority Leipzig . In 1910 the Meusdorf manor district was incorporated into Leipzig together with Dölitz. As a result of the land reform of 1945, a Volksgut was set up in the Vorwerk , which existed until around 1990 and mainly fattened cattle for slaughter, but at times also farmed ducks. After 1990, the buildings fell into disrepair with changing uses by different companies. In 2009 the house was renovated and the other buildings were demolished.

Battle of Nations

The Schwarzenberg monument at the time of its creation

In the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig in 1813, Meusdorf was the focus of significant events. During the Battle of Wachau on October 16, Napoleon watched the fighting from the Galgenberg southeast of Meusdorf. He spent the following night in a tent northeast of the outworks, guarded by 25,000 men from his bodyguard. In the fighting on October 18, the Meusdorf Vorwerk was badly affected. The house, the horse and cow stables, the sheepfold, the barn, the thresher house and a bar-thresher house burned down completely.

On the evening of October 18, the three allied monarchs, Emperor Franz I of Austria, the Russian Tsar Alexander I and King Friedrich Wilhelm III stayed. of Prussia on the hill called Monarch Hill, east of Meusdorf (Liebertwolkwitzer Flur). Here, the commander in chief of the allied armed forces, Prince Karl Philipp zu Schwarzenberg, brought the message of victory over Napoleon. Close to this point, but on Meusdorfer Flur, in 1838 Schwarzenberg's wife and three sons had a monument, a granite block on a foundation slab, erected, the Schwarzenberg Monument. In 1847 the “Society for the Celebration of October 19” followed with a memorial directly on the Monarch's Hill.

Schenke, Park Meusdorf

The Park Meusdorf garden restaurant in 1907

Since the Middle Ages there has been a tavern at the northern end of Meusdorf , one of the oldest inns in Saxony and initially oriented towards the road to Grimma . The inn experienced a particular boom around 1863 with the fiftieth anniversary of the Battle of the Nations, when interest in the sites of the Battle of Nations and their monuments, which were easily accessible from here, increased. A park was created behind the restaurant and the restaurant expanded into the park. A garden and restaurant complex was finally built around 1900, which could accommodate up to 1000 guests. Next to the restaurant there was a separate large ballroom, an auditorium and a fruit wine tavern. Bowling alley and shooting range were also available, and the children's playground was praised as one of the most beautiful in Germany. There were theater and cabaret performances and military concerts at the music pavilion (partly preserved). An observation tower could be climbed.

The restaurant on a postcard

On October 18, 1913, the day the Monument to the Battle of the Nations was inaugurated, all the German princes who were staying in Leipzig for the centenary, as well as Kaiser Wilhelm II, King Friedrich August of Saxony, King Ludwig of Bavaria and Archduke Ferdinand of Austria were gathered here.

In 1928 the tram was extended from Probstheida via Meusdorf to Liebertwolkwitz, so that the people of Leipzig could reach their local recreation destination even more easily. The place was also used for political rallies. For example, Adolf Hitler spoke in Park Meusdorf on March 4, 1932. During the Second World War , the buildings were used as prison camps and after the war as living space for refugees and displaced persons. Gradually, starting in 1952, the buildings were demolished except for the restaurant, where an old people's home was set up in the early 1950s. Currently (2010) the building is integrated into the grounds of the Christliche Sozialwerk gGmbH workshop for disabled people Sankt Michael .

Small settlement

As part of an aid program for the unemployed, a settlement construction program to obtain cheap housing was implemented between 1933 and 1936. On the Meusdorfer Flur between the Vorwerk and the Park Meusdorf restaurant, 400 identical-looking semi-detached houses with 800 settlement sites were built - the Meusdorf small settlement. Since own work was involved in the construction of the houses, the 3,000 applicants had to undergo an aptitude test. Depending on the number of children, the houses were divided into three types with living space between 50 and 60 square meters. When they moved in, they had an eat-in kitchen, a small room and two bedrooms, a wash house with a faucet and a washing kettle, a dry toilet with a bucket, a stable for chickens and rabbits and eight "compulsory trees" on the 800 to 1000 square meters of each settlement site. The stable and the utility room were housed in an extension of the double house. The financial outlay for a settler was 3,197 Reichsmarks , for which cheap loans were granted.

On the west side of the estate, 18 two-storey blocks with 230 so-called “people's apartments” with living space between 30 and 50 square meters were built in 1937, as well as a school and a kindergarten in the center. During the air raid on Leipzig on December 4, five semi-detached houses were destroyed by air mines. After the Second World War, various sales outlets and a cultural center with a bowling alley were built, which is now (2010) a public restaurant. The apartment blocks with the "people's apartments" and the sales outlets on the so-called Meusdorfer Markt were demolished in 2010. The areas are intended for the construction of single-family houses.

The very simple living conditions of the settlement houses in the beginning soon no longer met the higher living demands, and so the houses were enlarged and modernized on their own initiative. The original commercial extension was often extended several times, so that the so-called "express train wagons" were created. From 1954, the now state-owned settlement houses were bought by the residents and, from 1961, loans were released for the further procurement of living space through extensions to the houses. Compared to the originally built-up areas with today's areas, the soil is now three times as sealed.

During the GDR, four blocks of flats and a school in prefabricated construction were built in the northwest corner of Meusdorf .

Meusdorf 2010

  • Semi-detached house, almost in its original condition

  • Stocked and grown

  • The renovated house of
    the old sheep farm

  • The bandstand of
    the former park restaurant

  • The Schwarzenberg monument

  • Schwarzenberg monument up close

literature

  • Meusdorf - A historical and urban study . PRO LEIPZIG 1995
  • Horst Riedel: Stadtlexikon Leipzig from A - Z . PRO LEIPZIG, Leipzig 2005, ISBN 3-936508-03-8 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Karlheinz Blaschke , Uwe Ulrich Jäschke : Kursächsischer Ämteratlas. Leipzig 2009, ISBN 978-3-937386-14-0 ; P. 60 f.
  2. ↑ The Amtshauptmannschaft Leipzig in the municipal register 1900
  3. ↑ Historic Hitler Sites
  4. ↑ Meusdorf. A historical and urban study. Pro Leipzig, Leipzig 1995, p. 32.

Web links