Doze (Leipzig)

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Former monastery property

Dösen is a district of Leipzig that was created when the village of Dosen was incorporated in 1910. Since the municipal reorganization of Leipzig 1992 dozing together with Dölitz the district Dölitz-dozing . Parts of Dosen (former parking hospital, correctional facility, Leinesiedlung) were assigned to the district of Meusdorf . Here dozing should be viewed in its historical limits.

Location and local characteristics

Dosen is 7 km south-southeast of the center of Leipzig. Its neighboring districts and towns, starting from the north, are Lößnig , Probstheida , Meusdorf, Wachau , Markkleeberg -Ost and Dölitz.

Dozing on a map from 1907

The entire Dösener Flur runs from east to west by the 4.3 km long Leinegraben (Pleiße) coming from Meusdorf , which flows in the western part along the Leinestraße and gave it its name and which, from Dölitz piped, flows into the Mühlpleiße . Dozen is an almost purely residential area with plenty of greenery through allotment gardens as well as meadows and forest around the Leinegraben. The area around the Leinegraben is a landscape protection area. To the south of the Leinegraben lie the old town center and the Neudösen housing estate that adjoins it to the west and was built in the early 20th century. The part that now belongs to Meusdorf is located about one kilometer to the northeast.

In terms of traffic, Dosen is not on any of the highways or railways leading to Leipzig, which was contrary to industrialization and, among other things, was one of the reasons for the purely rural character that lasted until the beginning of the 20th century. The only street on which you can reach Dosen by car is the Leinestrasse, which runs in an east-west direction. In the meantime, however, this has to absorb a lot of through traffic to the commercial and shopping area Wachau, so that the people of Dösener have long been waiting for a relief road.

history

Village

The Apelstein No. 3 on the Johannishöhe

Dozen originated from a Sorbian round square village . In the course of the German East German settlement from the middle of the 12th century, the German settlers took over the local form and expanded it. 1305 Dosen was first mentioned in writing as "Dosene". The name then developed from Dösin (1350) and Doßen (1482) to Dosen (1791). In 1305 the place belonged to a Walter von Torgau. Afterwards Heinrich von Pflug and his son Otto are named as owners. After the latter had closed the Vorwerk Dösen, the City Council of Leipzig took over its administration for the Johannishospital (Leipzig) as the new owner in 1386 , but sold it the following year. The next known owners were Mantil von Wiederitzsch and Nickel von Melkow. The last private owner was Georg Wiedebach, captain of the Pleißenburg fortress , who bequeathed Dosen to the Johannishospital Leipzig in 1525. That is why the Vorwerk Dosen was now also called Stiftsgut.

During the Thirty Years War, the Swedes burned Dosen and some of its neighboring villages on January 3, 1637. In the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig, the village was hotly contested and changed fronts several times. Two apple stones (no. 3 and no. 13) on Dösener's corridor commemorate the fighting .

Rural community

With the Saxon rural community order of 1838 , Dosen also got the right to self-government. Until 1856, Dosen was in the electoral or royal Saxon district office of Leipzig . From 1856 the place belonged to the court office Leipzig II and from 1875 to the administrative authority Leipzig . The parish of Dosen was part of Probstheida, but from 1838 the children went to school in Lößnig until Dölitz and Dosen formed a common school district in 1888.

Between 1900 and 1910 the Dölitz butcher Paul Giebner built 16 three-storey tenement houses on Grenz- (later Getzelauer ) and Johannastraße after the parceling of his Desen property . The residents of these houses, known as Neudöse, mostly worked in the Dölitz lignite works, which is why the houses were popularly known as the “shaft houses” for a long time.

The population of Dosen was 100 to 150 until the beginning of the 20th century. With the development of Neudösen it rose to 415 in 1905. On January 1, 1910 Dosen was incorporated into Leipzig with 887 inhabitants.

district

Johanniskirche

In the years 1921 to 1926, the "Leinesiedlung Leipzig-Dösen" with 28 of the originally planned 75 single-family houses for the middle and technical staff of the hospital was built to the west of the state hospital. In 1927, the construction of the "Johannishöhe" settlement of the building association of the same name began on the western side of the road to Markkleeberg. By 1930 the Johannishöhe, Libertastraße, Auenhainer and Eigenheimstraße were built. This closed the area between the old town center and Neudösen.

Church interior

In 1934, a simple hall church was built on Markkleeberger Straße in the park of the monastery and Dosen is now parish together with Dölitz to Lößnig. Since 1980 the Dösener church, which has been called Johanniskirche since 1994, belongs to the evangelical "Auenkirchgemeinde Markkleeberg-Ost, Dosen und Dölitz".

In 1939/1940 the Magdeborner and Espenhainer Straße were laid out on the Dösener Höhe and simple single and twin houses were built for 35 settlers, the “miners” or “Weinteichsiedlung”.

Even during the time of the GDR, Dosen was built. Between 1972 and 1976, the state-owned construction combine in Leipzig built 57 homes south of Eigenheimstrasse for its employees and their after-work hours. Between 1977 and 1981, four five-storey apartment blocks in prefabricated construction were finally built directly behind the district hospital on Paul-Flechsig-Straße, which were occupied by hospital staff.

The municipal reorganization of Leipzig came into force on March 18, 1992, after which Dölitz together with the center of Dosen and the adjoining Neudösen form a district and the correctional facility, the former parking hospital, the Leinesiedlung and Paul-Flechsig-Straße to the district of Meusdorf belong.

Sanatorium, District Hospital, Park Hospital

A bird's eye view of the Dosen sanatorium (1901)

In 1899 the construction of a "Sanatorium of the City of Leipzig to Doze" for the treatment and care of the mentally ill, physically ill, convalescents and feeble-minded children began on the northwestern part of the Dösener Flur. The institution was built in the pavilion style as numerous individual buildings and trees and other greenery were planted between the buildings. The opening was in 1901; nine years later the institution had 1,353 patients, almost double the remaining residents of Dosen. Derived from this, the expression "You are out of dozing?" In the Leipzig colloquial language emerged in the sense of "You are completely crazy".

From January 1, 1913, the sanatorium Dösen , which had previously belonged to the city of Leipzig, was taken over by the Kingdom of Saxony as the “Royal State Sanatorium and Nursing Institution Leipzig-Dosen” (from 1919 Free State of Saxony).

In 1943, the surgical department and the internal medicine department of the St. Jacob Hospital in Leipzig (now Leipzig University Hospital ) were so badly affected by bomb damage that they had to be evacuated to the state hospital in Dosen (see Ida Boysen ). In 1946 they were officially incorporated into this. On July 1, 1952, an administrative reform of the GDR decreed that the Dosen Sanatorium of the State of Saxony, under the name “Hospital Leipzig-Dosen”, was returned to the city of Leipzig. In 1958 it became the “District Hospital for Psychiatry Leipzig-Dosen”, and in 1974 the local addition “Dosen” was deleted from the name.

In 1991 the facility was named “Park Hospital Leipzig-Dosen”. Municipal Hospital for Psychiatry, Surgery and Internal Medicine ”. In 1993 the facility merged with the “Clinic for Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Dr. Georg Sacke ”under the collective name“ Städtische Klinik Leipzig Südost ”. Since the takeover of the clinics by Rhön-Klinikum AG in 1999 and the move to the new building in Strümpellstrasse in Probstheida, the buildings of the former sanatorium have been vacant. They sometimes still serve as a backdrop for film and television recordings, for example as the administration building of the zoo in the television series “ Tierärztin Dr. Mertens ”.

Women's prison, detention hospital, JVA

South of the state hospital, two large buildings were built in 1913 on what is now Chemnitzer Strasse as a home for the welfare organization in Leipzig. In 1934 these buildings passed to the state and became women's prison. Prisoners during the Nazi era included Margarethe Zingler, Auguste Bollnow , the Austrian resistance fighter Maria Fischer , Elisabeth von Gustedt and the women of the White Rose Hamburg : Margaretha Rothe , Traute Lafrenz , Maria Leipelt, Ursula de Boor , Dorothea Zill, Erna Stahl , Hannelore Willbrandt , Emma Zill and Hildegard Heinrichs.

In the GDR, the buildings functioned as a detention hospital from 1950 , also known as Kleinmeusdorf and notorious for poor detention and treatment conditions. Political prisoners in particular were subjected to abuse. Important inmates and patients of the detention hospital were Marta Husemann , the wife of Walter Husemann , Josef Kneifel , Armin Raufeisen and Edeltraud Eckert .

The extension that began in the 1980s was completed in the 1990s and additional functional units were built. After the closure of the inner-city prison in Leipzig, the facility has been the prison in Leipzig since 2001 .

environment

Oak from 1686

From 1895 to 1959, the Dölitz lignite underground mine was operated north of Dösen on Dölitzer Flur . This created an area at risk of subsidence, which also includes the parts of the Dosen district north of the Leinegraben. Therefore, there was no residential development here. Instead, in 1931, the company created allotments around the pond on Leinestrasse, partly on Dösener Flur, for its employees and unemployed residents. The garden association received and still has the name "At the great oak".

This name refers to an oak tree that is over 300 years old and stands on Leinestrasse. In 1686 three so-called male oaks were planted to mark the border between Dosen and Dölitz, two of which were felled in 1929, but the third still exists.

As early as 1940, a disorganized landfill had been started in the subsidence area north of Dosen. War debris was also deposited on this landfill after the Second World War. From 1963 to 1979 it was operated as an organized household waste dump for the city of Leipzig. Between 1986 and 1990 a 30 to 50 cm thick earth cover was put in place. On an area of ​​27 hectares and a deposit height of up to 32 meters, the dump contains 3 million cubic meters of garbage. A degassing and gas cleaning system was put into operation in 1992 for continuous degassing.

In 2007 the water tower on the site of the Dosen sanatorium was demolished due to its dilapidation.

and display information about the image
Dozing from the former garbage dump

literature

  • Doze - A Historical and Urban Study . PRO LEIPZIG 1995
  • Horst Riedel: Stadtlexikon Leipzig from A - Z . PRO LEIPZIG, Leipzig 2005, ISBN 3-936508-03-8 .

Web links

Commons : Dosen (Leipzig)  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
  2. ^ Karlheinz Blaschke , Uwe Ulrich Jäschke : Kursächsischer Ämteratlas. Leipzig 2009, ISBN 978-3-937386-14-0 ; P. 60 f.
  3. ↑ The Amtshauptmannschaft Leipzig in the municipal register 1900
  4. ^ Georg Müller-Heim: Leipzig and the Leipziger. People, things, customs, hints. Teutonia-Verlag, Leipzig 1906, p. 83.
  5. ^ History of the JVA Leipzig
  6. ^ Doze - A historical and urban study . PRO LEIPZIG 1995, p. 67

Coordinates: 51 ° 17 '  N , 12 ° 25'  E