Pleißenburg

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Pleißenburg
1780

1780

Creation time : 13th Century
Castle type : Location
Conservation status: canceled
Standing position : Margraves
Place: Leipzig
Geographical location 51 ° 20 '10.2 "  N , 12 ° 22' 19.7"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 20 '10.2 "  N , 12 ° 22' 19.7"  E
Pleißenburg (Saxony)
Pleißenburg

The Pleißenburg was a historical building on the then edge of the Saxon city of Leipzig . The building, erected in the 13th century, was re-listed as a fortress in 1549 and demolished in 1897. Today the New Town Hall is located here .

history

Father Heinrich Eggerth SJ , from 1709 pastor at the Pleißenburg Fortress

In the 13th century, Margrave Dietrich the Oppressed (1162–1221) had a castle built and named it after the Pleiße passing by . The Leipzig disputation took place in 1519 in the Pleißenburg, also known as the palace at that time ; Martin Luther (1483–1546) gave the first Protestant sermon in Leipzig on Pentecost Sunday in 1539 in the palace chapel .

After the heavy damage caused by the siege in the Schmalkaldic War , Elector Moritz von Sachsen (1521–1553) had the castle torn down in 1548 and rebuilt in 1549 under the supervision of Hieronymus Lotter (1497–1580) as a fortress over a triangular floor plan. The new Pleißenburg was attached to the fortification system of the city and separated from the main wall by its own moat , so that it took on the function of a citadel . It was provided with casemates and equipped with a triangular bastion on the field side .

From June 27 to July 16, 1519, the debate in the form of thesis and counter-thesis between Martin Luther and Johannes Eck , which became known as the Leipzig Disputation , was held there.

The fortress also was the first post-Reformation , Catholic church in the city. In 1697 , Elector Friedrich August I (1670–1733) converted to Catholicism . Therefore, the Catholics residing in Leipzig tried to get permission to set up their own chapel . In 1710, the king instructed the commandant of the Pleißenburg fortress to make a room available there for Catholic services . At the same time, the Jesuit priest Heinrich Eggerth was commissioned to look after the community. In the years that followed, the Leipzig Catholics were exclusively pastored by the Jesuits, and finally three, later four, fathers lived here . They lived in a house in the city and were paid by the government.

During the Thirty Years' War , with the conquest of Pleißenburg on September 14, 1631, the attack of the army of the Catholic League under Tilly on the Electorate of Saxony began. The attack ended with the heavy defeat of the Tilly army in the battle of Breitenfeld on September 17th against the Swedish-Saxon army under the Swedish King Gustav II Adolf .

After the Thirty Years War, the Pleißenburg gradually lost its military importance. In 1764 it was deleted from the list of Saxon fortresses. It was still used as an administration building and barracks . From 1765 to 1790 the newly founded Leipzig Drawing and Art Academy under Adam Friedrich Oeser (1717–1799) was housed in the Pleißenburg - here the young student Johann Wolfgang Goethe (1749–1832) was taught drawing by Oeser. In 1753 the Leipzig mint was relocated to the casemates of the Pleißenburg. It was shut down in 1765 because it was no longer needed. In 1784, the chemist Christian Gotthold Eschenbach (1753–1831) set up the first chemical laboratory at the university in Pleißenburg.

Since 1794, the Leipzig observatory , built by the Leipzig City Planning Director Johann Carl Friedrich Dauthe (1746–1816), was located on the top of the tower of the Pleißenburg as a widely visible upper end. From 1838 to 1876, the western wing served as accommodation for the building trade school founded by Albert Geutebrück (1801–1868) , which emerged from the Department of Architecture of the Art Academy as an independent educational institute.

On the site of the Pleißenburg, demolished in 1897, the monumental building of the New Town Hall was built from 1899 to 1905 under the direction of Hugo Licht (1841–1923) . The total area of ​​all buildings in the former Pleißenburg, however, was larger. The town hall and the Leipziger Bank building , today a branch of Deutsche Bank, were also built on the site.

The development in the picture

  • 1642

  • 1749

  • 1804

  • 1850

  • 1890/1896

  • 1897

  • Demolished in 1899

  • Replica at the IBA 1913

  • Information board about the castle at the New Town Hall

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Wolfgang Hocquél : Leipzig. Architecture from the Romanesque to the present . Passage-Verlag, Leipzig 2004, ISBN 3-932900-54-5
  2. ^ Historical website of the University of Leipzig
  3. ^ Ingrid Kästner: History of the pharmacognostic collection and pharmacognostic teaching at the Leipzig University. In: Würzburg medical history reports. Volume 18, 1999, pp. 223-240; here: p. 223 f.

literature

  • Cornelius Gurlitt : Pleissenburg. In:  Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 18th issue: City of Leipzig (Part II) . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1896, p. 300.
  • Ulrich Schütte: The castle as a fortification. Fortified castle buildings of the early modern times in the old kingdom. Darmstadt 1994, pp. 56-59.
  • Helge Svenshon: The Leipzig Pleißenburg. A preliminary report. In: Work and research reports on Saxon soil monument preservation . tape 46 , 2004, ISBN 3-910008-65-8 , ISSN  0402-7817 , p. 495-524 .
  • Alberto Schwarz: The old Leipzig - cityscape and architecture. Beucha 2018, pp. 97 ff., ISBN 978-3-86729-226-9 .

Web links

Commons : Pleißenburg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files