Marienbrunn (Leipzig)

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Coat of arms of Leipzig
Marienbrunn
district of Leipzig
Coordinates 51 ° 18 '22 "  N , 12 ° 23' 47"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 18 '22 "  N , 12 ° 23' 47"  E
height 128  m
surface 1.32 km²
Residents 6191 (Dec. 31, 2018)
Population density 4690 inhabitants / km²
Post Code 04277
prefix 0341
Borough south
Transport links
tram 10, 16
bus 79
Source: District Catalog of the City of Leipzig 2010
Quarterly Statistical Report IV / 2011
statistik.leipzig.de
Historical view of the Marienquelle (Marienbrunnen), which gave the district its name

Marienbrunn is a district in the southern district of Leipzig . It encompasses the north-eastern part of the Connewitz district with the Marienbrunn garden suburb, the Mariental settlement and other parts of the settlement and their peripheral developments. Marienbrunn is a purely residential area.

location

Marienbrunn is located about 4 km south-southeast from the city center of Leipzig. It is bordered by the freight train route to Connewitz and the S-Bahn route as well as Richard-Lehmann-Straße in the north, by the border between the districts of Connewitz and Probstheida (western border of the southern cemetery ) in the east, by Probstheidaer Straße in the south and by the railway line to Altenburg in the west.

Its neighboring districts are center-southeast, Probstheida, Lößnig and Connewitz, starting from the north and clockwise .

history

In the area of ​​today's Marienbrunn, the village of Ölschwitz was located in the Middle Ages , but it became desolate by the end of the 14th century . The remaining pilgrimage church of the Holy Cross disappeared after the Reformation . At the end of the 15th century, the Leipzig mint master Andreas Funke had an estate built for himself , the (old) Funkenburg, west of the Marienquelle (Leipzig) on the cathedral moat that flows west from it . This was demolished around 1600 on the instructions of the city and a Vorwerk was built with its material in the western suburb of Leipzig (today Waldstrasse district ), which was given the same name. Until the 20th century, the area was Marienbrunns Connewitzer Flur, which was used for agriculture and initially also for fish ponds.

Planning of Marienbrunn on a postcard from 1912
The Marienquelle 2009

In 1913, the oldest part of the settlement in Marienbrunn was built on the occasion of the International Building Exhibition near the (old) exhibition grounds , the Monument to the Battle of the Nations and the Marienbrunnen on an area of around 8.5  hectares . Nine architects were selected to plan “reference objects” for their services in the estate and to design individual assemblies, including Peter Dybwad , Karl Poser and the offices of Georg Weidenbach and Richard Tschammer . The development plan, based on the principle of the garden city , came from a building commission, which in addition to the responsible urban planning inspector Hans Strobel u. a. Richard Tschammer and Peter Dybwad belonged. Socio-political goals and the structure of the settlement were obviously based on the writings of Camillo Sitte and Adelheid Poninska . Two streets are also dedicated to the latter; the Dohnaweg refers to her maiden name and the Arminiushof to her pseudonym. The circular segment street structure is reminiscent of Ebenezer Howard , the pioneer of the modern garden city idea.

Green front gardens, open structures, a park and open gardens characterize the image of the oldest part. In addition to a restaurant, the settlement originally also had a light and air bath. 62% of the resulting apartments were small apartments for the poor. During the building exhibition, a specially constructed miniature train drove to the site, and individual houses were used as exhibition rooms. Due to the First World War , the plans were not fully implemented. And in the immediate post-war period, only a small series was closed with the so-called “inflation group”. It was not until the mid-1920s that more was built again.

In 1921, according to plans by the City Planning Officer Carl James Bühring, north of the street An der Tabaksmühle, the construction of a small housing estate with single and semi-detached houses, which were connected with large self-catering gardens under the impression of post-war inflation, began.

The view of the monument at the time of its construction, postcard from 1913
The tower path at the time it was built, postcard from 1913
The monument view today
(July 2009)
The Märchenschlösschen restaurant around 1935

From 1927 the Mariental settlement south of the planning area of ​​the older part was also built. The streets all have fairy-tale-related names and flow into the central park-like area of ​​the Märchenwiese, which extends in an east-west direction, under which the piped Trenkengraben runs. The development plan came from the Leipzig city planner Hubert Ritter . Mainly single-family houses were built here as terraced and semi-detached houses. Developers were here for example, the G emeinnützige A ktien g SOCIETY f ÜR A ngestellten- H eimstätten ( GAGFAH ), the General Saxon Siedlerverein (ASSV) and the Bauverein Krieger settlement Golden Aue. The entire area on the Märchenwiese was gradually built on, in contrast to the older part almost exclusively with small to medium-sized single-family houses with small gardens, some of which were used for growing vegetables and raising small animals.

In 1927/28 the Protestant parish hall was built at the northern end of the Lerchenrain, which was a subsidiary of the Connewitz parish until the founding of the Leipzig-Marienbrunn parish in 1950.

In 1930/31, the city built the so-called Baumesseiedlung, west of the small house settlement An der Tabaksmühle, consisting of seven three-story apartment blocks and the "Stahlhaus", a five- story steel frame building with wall infill, which contains 30 apartments with central heating and hot water supply, the first residential building of this type in Germany. In the same years residential houses were built on Lerchenrain (Marienhöhe) and on Triftweg as well as on the Märchenwiese the excursion restaurant “Märchenschlösschen”.

The latter was destroyed in the air raid on Leipzig on December 4, 1943, as were some residential buildings on Hänselweg and Rotkäppchenweg and on Am Bogen. In 1957, a post office and an industrial goods store were set up for a long time in the burned-out ruins of the fairytale castle. Coming from Connewitz from 1944 to 1950, a rubble railway ran through Marienbrunn to the spoil dump in Dosen .

The first major construction project in Marienbrunn after the Second World War was eleven single-family houses on the street An der Tabaksmühle for members of the “technical intelligentsia”, popularly known as “the intelligence houses”. In 1966/67, six five-story apartment blocks with a total of 520 apartments were built west of Zwickauer Strasse. In addition to these, two high-rise buildings with 132 apartments each were built in 1973/74, and in 1980/81 new single-family houses in Marienbrunn followed on Riesenweg.

In 1969 Marienbrunn received a department store . The research and administration building of the VEB Metall-Leichtbaukombinat was built on Arno-Nitzsche-Straße in 1969/70 and a boarding school building with 920 seats in 1972/73.

After 1990, extensive renovations of the residential buildings were carried out by both the private and the public, whereby the monument protection for the garden suburb had to be observed since 1988. A row of houses east of Zwickauer Strasse, which had been vacant for a long time, and the Triftweg have been reconstructed in their full length. On the site of the former restaurant in the garden suburbs, three new building groups were built in 1995/96, adapted in architectural style, and a new building with service facilities on the site of the former fairy tale castle in 2000. A steel skeleton experimental building by VEB Metall-Leichtbau had to give way to a discounter.

Infrastructure

schools

Until the 1940s, the Marienbrunn school children had to attend schools in the neighboring districts. In 1946, school operations began in massive barracks on the western side of the Märchenwiese, which had previously been used for forced labor from the GE Reinhardt printing machine factory in Connewitz and which were supplemented by a wooden barrack from the forced labor camp of the Erla aircraft factory in Leipzig-Heiterblick.

This 63rd school was moved to a new school building at the eastern end of the Märchenwiese in 1961 and was later called the Ernst Schneller School . From 1992 it was called 119th School - Elementary School, and in 2001 it was renamed Marienbrunn School - Elementary School.

At the western end of the Märchenwiese, buildings for the Albert Schweitzer School , a school for the physically handicapped, were erected between 1981 and 1983 . The school is divided into a primary and a high school part , as well as a part for people with learning disabilities and for the physically handicapped with all-day courses .

traffic

Marienbrunn was initially only accessible via the connecting roads Connewitz - Stötteritz and Connewitz - Probstheida, before the Connewitz Waisenhausstraße was expanded in a direct direction to the central axis of the garden city with a wooden bridge over the railway. In the 1960s, the wooden bridge was replaced by a wider solid structure and Arno-Nitzsche-Straße (formerly Waisenhausstraße) was now aligned with An der Tabaksmühle, so that a four-lane main traffic axis was created in an east-west direction. From here, the south-facing Zwickauer Straße branched off as the main thoroughfare. This and the east-west connection gained in importance when the through traffic to the Lößnig development area was added in the early 1970s. For this, the Zwickauer Straße was expanded to include multiple lanes.

The streets within the residential area are narrow and only designed for local traffic. Higher residential buildings on the main roads protect the inner residential area from traffic noise.

On July 15, 1931, tram operation to Marienbrunn to the terminus at An der Märchenwiese was started with the access over a wooden bridge from Kaiserin-Augusta-Strasse (now Richard-Lehmann-Strasse) . From 1967 tram traffic to Marienbrunn took place via Connewitz and Arno-Nitzsche-Straße. In 1974 the line was extended to Loessnig.

With the Marienbrunn stop, Marienbrunn was connected to the Leipzig S-Bahn network on July 12, 1969 . The stop was given up at the end of 2012 in connection with the reorganization of the track systems for the S-Bahn in Central Germany .

In 1999/2000 an important traffic connection to Marienbrunn was created with the construction of the bridge over the railway in the course of the Zwickauer Straße. Line 16 now reaches the city center on a much shorter route, with line 10 continuing to connect to Connewitz. The car traffic on the east-west connection (Arno-Nitzsche-Straße / An der Tabaksmühle) was significantly relieved by the bridge, so that the street An der Tabaksmühle could be reduced to two lanes in 2009 by lane markings in favor of bicycle traffic.

Culture and sights

Attractions

  • Marienbrunnen
The Marienbrunnen is located in the southern part of the Wilhelm-Külz-Park . Its name goes back to the legend of a pilgrimage called Maria. At the location of the source, the Marienquelle or Marienborn, a stone collection and an iron gate commemorate the pilgrim. (Picture above)
The IL 62 on Arno-Nitzsche-Straße
  • Lutheran Church
The two-story parish hall has a church hall that is used for church services and other events.
  • Airplane IL 62
In addition to the Regenbogen restaurant on Arno-Nitzsche-Straße, the aircraft's wing serves as an outdoor seating area.
  • Cultural monuments
The district has a large number of residential buildings that are registered as cultural monuments.
  • Fairytale meadow
Streets and paths around the park in the center have fairytale names or honor various storytellers, such as Hans Christian Andersen.

Known residents

Marienbrunn was and is very popular as a residential complex, so that numerous prominent personalities had their residence here. These include u. a .:

swell

  • Marienbrunn . ProLeipzig e. V. on behalf of the Leipzig City Planning Office, Leipzig, June 2000.
  • Personalities

Web links

Commons : Marienbrunn  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Plan Marienbrunn 1912