Dolitz

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Gatehouse in Dölitz

Dölitz is a district of Leipzig that was created in 1910 when the village of Dölitz was incorporated. Since the municipal reorganization of Leipzig in 1992, Dölitz and Dosen form the district Dölitz-Dosen . At the end of 2016, the district had 4680 inhabitants.

Location and local characteristics

Dölitz is just 6 km south of Leipzig city center on the eastern edge of the Pleißenaue . Its neighboring districts or places clockwise, starting from the north, are Connewitz , Lößnig , Dosen and Markkleeberg with its parts Markkleeberg-Ost and Raschwitz . Part of the Leipzig floodplain forest , which forms the agra Park here, belongs to Dölitz . The Dölitz development is on its eastern edge.

The Leinegraben crosses the district of Meusdorf via Dosen coming from east to west, although it has been partially piped since 1889. It flows into the Mühlpleiße , which stretches along the western development boundary. Dölitz is an almost purely residential area that still has buildings from its village past as well as Wilhelminian-style residential quarters and buildings from the time before the Second World War . During the GDR period there was only limited housing construction in Dölitz. After the fall of the Wall , some houses were built in a multi-storey building. Due to the proximity to the floodplain forest, parks and Markkleeberger See , Dölitz has a relatively high quality of living.

history

Manor

Georg Winckler

In 1262 a Johannes von Doluz was mentioned for the first time and in 1348 a Gut Dolizc , probably a moated castle , with the owners Heinrich von Haldeken and Erich von Trewin in the feudal book of the Meissen Margraves . In 1451 it came into the possession of Andreas von Crostewitz together with the Vorwerk Meusdorf . In 1540 the ownership of the von Crostewitz family was confirmed by Heinrich the Pious and extended to the mill and the inn. Around 1550, the von Crostewitz family built a renaissance castle.

In 1636 the Leipzig councilor and trader Georg Winckler (1582–1654) bought the estate from the impoverished Crostewitzens and had the neglected castle renovated and rebuilt by Leipzig builders. The palace was a three-storey high four-wing complex with an inner courtyard, which was surmounted by an octagonal roof turret with a baroque hood. In this form, the castle was retained until the end, even with subsequent small renovations.

Georg Winckler was born in 1650 by Emperor Ferdinand III. ennobled. He was the ancestor of a widely ramified family, whose members worked in the state administration, in the military, in municipal offices (e.g. mayor in Leipzig, councilors, builders) or as merchants in the following generations. The family owned extensive estates in the area. Gut Dölitz has remained in the family for almost 300 years for ten generations.

After Georg von Winckler's death, Andreas von Winckler, the second of his four sons, took over the Dölitz estate. In 1670 he had the gatehouse of the castle with the adjoining barn rebuilt on the old foundation walls . The gatehouse stood almost on an island, because a branch of the Mühlpleiße ran through the courtyard, while the gatehouse could only be reached from the outside via a bridge.

Dölitz Castle around 1890

During the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig , the Dölitz estate was fiercely contested. The French were able to hold the estate against multiple attacks by Austrian troops on October 16 and 18, 1813, until they retreated unhindered on the night of the 18th and 19th. The gatehouse is the last remaining building in Dölitz, which played an important role in the course of the Battle of the Nations.

Despite some renovations, Dölitz Castle retained its original shape into the 20th century. In 1925 the formerly independent manor district was subordinated to the Leipzig city administration, and in 1927 the von Winckler heirs of the city of Leipzig sold it. In 1931 they set up a reform-pedagogical open-air teaching facility in the castle garden with bad weather accommodation in the castle. During the Second World War , the castle also housed a kindergarten.

On the night of February 20-21, 1944, the castle was badly damaged by air pressure and fragments from an explosive bomb that struck nearby. Due to a lack of funds for reconstruction in the post-war period, the castle fell into disrepair and was blown up in 1947. The gatehouse was preserved, even after the fire in the neighboring barn in 1953, and was renovated several times (1957/1958, 1986). Since 1960 it has hosted a cultural and historical tin figure exhibition on the events of the Battle of Nations.

The Dölitz Castle entered literature through Margarete zur Bentlage's story “Irrfahrt bei Leipzig” , in which an unnamed castle in the south of Leipzig plays a role, but can be recognized as Dölitz by a drawing in the book.

Village of Dölitz

Dölitz around 1800

The Sorbian settlement of the Dölitzer Flur began in the 8th century near today's Helenenstrasse. The farmers cultivated grain, raised livestock and bees, and caught fish. From around the eleventh century the Sorbian population was either ousted or assimilated in a long process by the German settlers in the course of the German eastward expansion and the subsequent peasant land acquisition . In Dölitz, the German settlers soon dominated the old village square, while the displaced Sorbs settled in the so-called Neudörfchen on the way to Probstheida (today Friederikenstrasse). The long coexistence can also be recognized by the fact that until 1327 Sorbian was still the language of court alongside German.

In the first half of the 13th century, the three neighboring villages of Dölitz, Lößnig and Connewitz got together and built a mill to operate their mills, today's Mühlpleiße. In the second half of the 15th century, the mill moat served another purpose; firewood was rafted and stacked on the square between Dölitz and Loessnig.

As early as 1459 a Kretscham was mentioned in a document in Dölitz . It was located approximately at the place where the northern confluence of Helenenstrasse and Bornaische Strasse - popularly "the market" - where the now dilapidated "Zum Reiter" inn was built in the 19th century. The Kretscham served, among other things, as a break for commercial wagons to and from Leipzig on the Via imperii , which led through Dölitz since the High Middle Ages . This road from Italy to Lübeck played a major role in the development of Dölitz. In 1692 the traveling mail ran through Dölitz for the first time via Zwickau to Schneeberg and later to Prague . The road lost its importance for long-distance traffic when the road from Probstheida via Magdeborn to Borna , later the F95, was opened in 1817 .

Development of the population
year Residents
1550 about 200 
1826 550 
1834 880 
1858 1278 
1880 1516 
1910 2789 
1925 3368 

Dölitz was not spared from the usual plagues. From 1632 to 1642 several plague epidemics raged, to which 300 Dölitzer fell victims. During the Thirty Years' War, the village and estate were plundered several times by the imperial and Swedes , and 26 buildings in the village were damaged or destroyed in the Battle of the Nations during the retreat of Napoleonic troops.

Dölitz never had its own church. Georg Winckler , the grandson of the purchaser of the castle, made two unsuccessful attempts at the Saxon court. Dölitz was first parish to Probstheida (1540) and from 1580 to Markkleeberg. That is why the children went to school here, until Dölitz in 1827 in Mühlweg (today Vollhardtstrasse) received its first school building with a classroom for over 120 students. In 1881/1883 the second Dölitz school with three floors, which was used until 1905, was built on Bornaische Strasse, which later served as the municipal office and residential building, as a police station and from 1952 as the home of the Protestant church. The third school building, which is still used today as the 8th primary school, was built in 1904/1905 on Wincklerstrasse.

Oesersches Landhaus
Dölitz on a map from 1907

From the middle of the 18th century, Dölitz became interesting for Leipzig citizens as a summer residence. The director of the Leipzig Art Academy Adam Friedrich Oeser stayed with his family from 1760 to 1770 in one of the houses of the Winckler estate owners, where he was often visited by the young Goethe between 1766 and 1768 . In 1771 the Oesers built their own house on Bornaische Strasse. Later large stately villas with surrounding parks were built, for example in 1859 by the Leipzig merchant and city councilor Paul Bernhard Limburger north of Dölitz on the former raft square and in 1896 by the fur trader and city councilor Friedrich Wilhelm Dodel south of Helenenstrasse. Since Limburger was also a member of the board of directors of the Gewandhaus , well-known musicians such as Johannes Brahms , Carl Reinecke and Arthur Nikisch visited him .

In 1839 Dölitz became a self-governing municipality with an elected municipal council and independent of the manor owner through the Saxon rural community code of 1838 . Until 1856, Dölitz was part of the Electoral Saxon or Royal Saxon District Office in Leipzig . From 1856 the place belonged to the court office Leipzig II and from 1875 to the administrative authority Leipzig .

As a result of the freedom of trade , numerous handicrafts and other businesses emerged from around 1860, in particular gardening centers, some of which still exist today. Construction activity increased. The lordship set up a brickworks on Bornaische Strasse , which existed until 1910, and which received its clay from the north of the estate via a field railway running around the estate .

Around the turn of the 20th century, the upswing in Leipzig in the early years also increased residential construction in Dölitz. After the first “urban tenement houses” had been built on Bornaische Strasse in 1890, the Dölitz cattle dealer and wholesaler Paul Giebner opened up new areas for residential construction. Wilhelminian style houses were built in Giebner-, Friederiken-, Bürger- and Leinestrasse, among others.

Since the municipality was no longer able to fulfill the infrastructure tasks, which grew rapidly with the number of inhabitants (school operation, drinking and sewage network, road construction), Dölitz was incorporated into Leipzig in 1910 at its own request.

  • Dölitzer mill

  • Gasthof "Zum Reiter" (1894)

  • Dölitz forge, around 1900

  • Residential building on Helenenstrasse

  • School in Wincklerstrasse

Dölitz as a district

At the Dölitz shaft in 2009

Even after the incorporation, construction work continued in Dölitz. In 1925/1926 the street Am Eichwinkel on the border with Markkleeberg was laid out and built on in the following years. 1929–1931 residential buildings were built on Bornaische Strasse and Helenenstrasse (Helenenhof) on what was once Dodel's park grounds after the bankruptcy of the Dodelian fur trade. After the demolition of the Dodelschen Villa in 1935, a dormitory with small senior citizens' apartments was built on the site from 1939, today's urban nursing home Seniorenpark Dölitz.

As early as 1899, Line D of the Great Leipzig Tram was extended to Dölitz. In 1912/1913 the Dölitz tram depot was expanded. In addition to the previous wooden structure, a 100-meter-long ten-track reinforced concrete hall was built, and from 1915 the regular service, which had previously ended, was taken up to the tram depot and continued to Markkleeberg in 1928.

After exploratory drilling since 1894, Förderschachtabteufungen and top and bottom-day expansion of facilities in 1905, the industrial production in the lignite located in the northeastern part of Dölitz mine included. From 1910 onwards, the main buyer of coal was the new power station south in Lößnig. In 1917 the mine became owned by the Leipziger Stadtwerke . Extensions and technical improvements were made in the 1920s. In 1927, the transport of people in the cage was introduced so that the miners no longer had to use ladders to cope with the 70 meter shaft depth. From 1927 the coal was transported from the mine to the power station by cable car, but its operation had to be stopped after a year due to environmental pollution. Coal production continued until 1959. After that, the surface facilities were used by the Institute for Mining Safety. After 1990, numerous users took turns. A large part of the site is now used by the Leipzig Technology and Vocational Training Center.

The main entrance to agra 1970

During the Second World War , apart from individual losses to buildings through incendiary bombs and air mines, there was no extensive damage in Dölitz. Unfortunately, large parts of the Oeser House were destroyed and the castle was badly damaged.

In 1952/1953 the horticultural exhibition, which has been taking place in Markkleeberg since 1946, was expanded to become the agricultural exhibition of the GDR (from 1966 agra Markkleeberg ) and for this purpose, Dölitzer Flur east of Mühlpleiße was used and a new main entrance was created opposite the tram depot. The concave park restaurant with a colonnade and terrace was built in agra-Park in 1956, based on the classical spa architecture . From 1966 to 1972, due to the Espenhain open-cast lignite mine, the Pleiße from Großdeuben to the agra site was relocated and straightened and the new elevated road F2 / 95 was built above the park area.

From 1975 to 1984 the Lößnig-Dölitz Recreation Park, which was partly located on the Dölitz Flur, was built on the former quarry fields of the Dölitz lignite mine .

Economy and Infrastructure

economy

Since the lignite mine was closed, there have been no larger industrial operations in Dölitz. Leipzig's technology and vocational training center is located on the shaft site. In the exhibition halls of the former agra site, the agra exhibition center , flea markets, events and other smaller exhibitions take place at regular intervals. The site is also the center of the Wave-Gotik-Treffen, which takes place every Pentecost weekend .

The reinforced concrete hall of the depot around 1912

The Dölitz tram station is one of the five depots of the Leipziger Verkehrsbetriebe for their trams. The depot houses trains on lines 9, 10, 11 and 16.

traffic

The main traffic artery in Dölitz is Bornaische Strasse, which runs through the district in the historically developed winding course from north to south and connects it with the city center of Leipzig. The Leinestrasse and the Goethesteig are important for through traffic in the east-west direction.

The place is connected to the tram network of the city of Leipzig and the surrounding area. Line 11 has three stops in Dölitz. It runs in a northerly direction via the Leipzig inner city ring to Schkeuditz and south to Markkleeberg-Ost, where the Markkleeberger See is easy to reach.

Dölitz is connected to the motorway network via the Leipzig-Süd junction of the A 38 . The four-lane expressway B 2 with the Dölitzer exit at Goethesteig connects the A 38 with the center of Leipzig and offers Dölitz fast connections in both directions.

Streets

Street names were in use in Dölitz from around the middle of the 19th century. In 1892 the local council decided to introduce official street names, the number of which increased significantly with the Giebner developments around the turn of the century. After the incorporation to Leipzig, renaming had to be made to avoid duplication. Renaming also took place after 1945 and after incorporation after 1990. In the following, the current names of the streets, their names and their dates are compiled for the Dölitz area according to the municipal structure from 1992.

At the Eichwinkel after an old parcel, since 1925/1926
At the Mühlpleiße leads to the mill on Mühlpleiße, until 1912 kurz Straße
Borna Street During the past over Borna leading Via imperii , 1950-1991 Fritz Austel Street after the antifascists Fritz Austel
Bürgerstrasse after Gottfried August Bürger , until 1912 Schillerstraße
At the crow's hut after a crow hunting hut south of Leinestrasse, since 1940
Home street after the homes built on her in 1929/1930
Floraweg formerly Gartenstrasse after the nurseries on the street
Friederikenstrasse after Friederike Oeser, the daughter of Adam Oeser and friend of Goethe, before 1912 Hopfenberg, Neudörfchen, Probstheidaer Str.
Gersterstrasse after Ottmar Gerster
Giebnerstrasse after Paul Giebner, who promoted the development of Dölitz, since 1898
Goethesteig probably used by Goethe during his visits to Dölitz, since 1932
Helenenstrasse after the first name of the wife of the Dölitz founder Dr. Haake, until 1912 Wassergasse
Hentschelweg after the teacher Franz Robert Hentschel (1859–1931), who had earned the Dölitz school system, since 1939
Hermann-Schein-Str. after Johann Hermann Schein , Thomaskantor, since 1925
In Dölitzer Holz adjacent to the forest of the same name on the Goethesteig
Immischweg after Horst Immisch (1925–2011), Dölitzer local chronicle
Johann-Adolf-Strasse after the first names of Paul Giebner's father, since 1898
Kuhnaustraße after Johann Kuhnau , Bach's predecessor as Thomaskantor, since 1925
Leinestrasse after the Leinegraben , until 1912 Dösener Strasse
Matzelstrasse after the anti-fascist Herbert Matzel (1915–1943) in Dölitz, until 1968 on Crostewitzstrasse
Newton Street after Isaac Newton , until 1912 König-Albert -Straße, until 1950 Burchardstraße after Graf Burchard (Ur-Wettiner)
Raschwitzer Strasse Former road to Raschwitz, now a dead end
Vollhardtstrasse after Gottlieb Vollhardt, the Dölitz judge, until 1912 Mühlstrasse
Wincklerstrasse after the Dölitz landowners, until 1912 in König-Georg- Strasse

Attractions

  • Gatehouse Dölitz
The Torhaus Dölitz is the remainder of the former palace complex from the 17th century. Traces of the battles (cannon balls) from the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig have been preserved on the renovated building. The house houses an exhibition of pewter figures with the focus on the wars of liberation against Napoleon. 40 dioramas in the permanent exhibition, the largest of which comprises 12,000 figures, are dedicated to this theme. There are also over ten cultural and urban history dioramas. Behind the gatehouse there are memorial stones and plaques commemorating the Battle of Nations.
Dölitzer mill with hydropower plant
  • War memorial
The memorial on the square in front of the gatehouse was erected in 1894 by the Royal Saxon Military Association in Dölitz on the occasion of its 25th anniversary and to commemorate two fallen soldiers in the Franco-German War .
  • Dölitz watermill
The Dölitz watermill is the only remaining watermill in the city of Leipzig. In the course of its history, it was rebuilt or rebuilt several times after being damaged and destroyed. Its restored exterior corresponds to its reconstruction in 1814. The historic water wheel has been reconstructed and has been driving a generator since 2006, which delivers up to five kilowatts of electrical power to the public power grid. The courtyard ensemble is completed by reconstructed half-timbered houses from the south of Leipzig.
  • agra park
The agra-Park covers a large part of the area of ​​the former agricultural exhibition of the GDR. The eastern part of the park with the park restaurant is on Dölitzer Flur. Walking paths, flower beds and the Spreewaldschänke restaurant invite you to relax.
Park restaurant in Agra Park
  • Dölitzer Mühlpleiße
The Mühlgraben, which was laid out in the 13th century, delimits the Agra Park on the eastern side and flows past the Torhaus Dölitz. Beginning at the Spreewaldschänke, a bird trail runs along it.
  • Dölitz shaft
The surface facilities of the former shaft are the last testimony to the civil engineering of lignite in central Germany, which has been under monument protection since 1993, until 1959. In the area used by the Leipzig Technology and Vocational Training Center, the above-ground parts of the shaft system with the renovated machine house and the museum-like steam boiler system are accessible to the public. They are used for exhibitions, events and guided tours.
  • Lößnig-Dölitz recreation area
The Lößnig-Dölitz recreation area was created in the 1980s on the mining area of ​​the disused lignite underground mining in Dölitz. The areas previously used for agriculture contain an extensive network of foot and cycle paths through spacious lawns and compact plantings to the different adventure areas with ponds and play facilities as well as a forest arboretum , a collection of trees with mainly North American and North Asian trees. The Schäferei restaurant is a reminder of an earlier use of the area.
  • Bivouac on the anniversary of the Battle of Nations
Every year on a weekend in October, fighting of the Battle of Nations is re-enacted in original costumes. A bivouac camp is then located at the Torhaus Dölitz.

Web links

Commons : Dölitz  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Dölitz, a historical and urban development study , PRO LEIPZIG, 2008
  2. ↑ a b Horst Immisch: Dölitz, On the history of a Leipzig suburb , PRO LEIPZIG 2002, ISBN 3-936508-00-3
  3. ↑ Digital historical place directory of Saxony
  4. ^ Karlheinz Blaschke , Uwe Ulrich Jäschke : Kursächsischer Ämteratlas. Leipzig 2009, ISBN 978-3-937386-14-0 ; P. 60 f.
  5. ↑ The Amtshauptmannschaft Leipzig in the municipal register 1900
  6. ↑ Tin figure exhibition in the gatehouse

Coordinates: 51 ° 17 '  N , 12 ° 23'  E