Arthur Nikisch
Arthur Nikisch (Hungarian: Artúr Nikisch ; born October 12, 1855 in Mosonszentmiklós (Lébényi Szent-Miklós); † January 23, 1922 in Leipzig ) was a Hungarian conductor . He was considered an excellent interpreter of the works of Anton Bruckner and Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky .
Life
Nikisch had a Silesian father and a mother from Vienna. He studied violin and piano at the Vienna Conservatory and also composition with Felix Otto Dessoff . Between 1872 and 1877 he worked as a violinist in various orchestras, including the Vienna Court Opera Orchestra (= Vienna Philharmonic ). From 1878 to 1889 he was the first conductor of the Leipzig City Theater . His 2nd Kapellmeister (1886–1888) was Gustav Mahler . On December 30, 1884, Nikisch conducted the world premiere of Bruckner's 7th Symphony at the Leipziger Neue Theater.
Nikisch married the actress Amélie Heussner in July 1885 . Her children were the future legal scholar Arthur Philipp Nikisch , Käthe Nikisch (Wollgandt), the future actress Nora Nikisch (Schindler) and the future pianist, composer and band leader Mitja Nikisch .
After stays in Boston (chief conductor of the Boston Symphony Orchestra ) and Budapest (director of the Royal Hungarian Opera ), he became the Gewandhauskapellmeister in Leipzig in 1895, succeeding Carl Reinecke ; he held this office until his death. He was also appointed chief conductor of the Berlin Philharmonic in autumn 1895 . Under his leadership they took in 1913 as the first complete recording of a symphony, the Symphony No. 5 by Beethoven .
From 1902 to 1907 he was rector of the Leipzig Conservatory and 1905/1906 director of the Leipzig Opera.
In February 1906 he played four of Brahms ' Hungarian Dances for piano role as a pianist for the Welte-Mignon reproduction piano (Nos. 1, 4, 5 and 6), as well as a Valse lente from Léo Delibes ' ballet Coppélia .
In cooperation with the musical director of the Leipzig Workers' Education Institute, Barnet Licht (1874–1951), he made it possible to hold concerts in the Gewandhaus from 1915 onwards, which workers could attend for 60 pfennigs.
In this cooperation, the tradition of the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra goes back to New Year's Eve , the 9th Symphony perform Ludwig van Beethoven. Nikisch conducted it on December 31, 1918, the first turn of the year after the First World War , in the Krystallpalast in Leipzig. The concert started at 11 p.m. so that the New Year could begin with the final chorus on Schiller's Ode to Joy .
Nikisch was a good friend of Alexander Frommermann, the father of Harry Frommermann (1906-1975), who founded the Comedian Harmonists in 1927 . Nikisch taught little Harry the piano for a few years from 1910.
Nikisch died on January 23, 1922 at the age of 66 in Leipzig. His remains were buried in the Leipzig South Cemetery (Section II).
Honors
- Shortly after Nikisch's death, a square in Leipzig, in the immediate vicinity of which Nikisch had last lived (Thomasiusstrasse 28), was given the name Nikischplatz .
- In 1930, a Nikisch bust by Hugo Lederer was unveiled at the back entrance of the Gewandhaus in the music district , which is now in the foyer of the New Gewandhaus.
- In 1935 the street G 82 in Berlin-Grunewald was named after him on the occasion of the 80th birthday of the conductor Arthur Nikisch.
- 1952 in Vienna - Penzing (14th district) the Nikischgasse was named after him.
- The Arthur Nikisch Prize was founded in 1957 and was last awarded in 1989.
- In 1971 the city of Leipzig founded the Arthur Nikisch Prize for young conductors .
- In 1997 an Arthur Nikisch memorial stone was inaugurated on Nikischplatz in Leipzig .
literature
- U. Harten: Nikisch, Arthur. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 7, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1978, ISBN 3-7001-0187-2 , p. 128.
- Marion Brück: Nikisch, Arthur. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 19, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-428-00200-8 , p. 257 ( digitized version ).
- Heinrich Chevalley (Ed.): Arthur Nikisch: Life and Work. Bote & Bock, Berlin 1922, online
- Norman Lebrecht: The Myth of the Maestro . M&T Verlag, Zurich / St. Gallen 1992, pp. 41-48, ISBN 3-7265-6027-0
- Ferdinand Pfohl : Arthur Nikisch as a person and artist , Hermann Seemann successor, Leipzig, undated (approx. 1900)
- Ferdinand Pfohl: Arthur Nikisch: His life, his art, his work. Alster, Hamburg 1925
- Rupert Schöttle: Gods in tails . Bibliophile Edition, Vienna 2000, pp. 37–46, ISBN 3-7076-0010-6
- Wolfgang Schreiber: Great conductors. Piper, Munich 2005, pp. 23-25, ISBN 3-492-04507-3
- Adolf Weißmann: Arthur Nikisch and the Berlin Philharmonic Concerts 1895–1920: A Review. O. Lange, Berlin 1921
- Commemorative publication on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the premiere of Anton Bruckner's 7th Symphony by Arthur Nikisch and the Gewandhaus Orchestra on December 30, 1884 . Gewandhaus, Leipzig 1984
Web links
- Literature by and about Arthur Nikisch in the catalog of the German National Library
- Newspaper article about Arthur Nikisch in the 20th century press kit of the ZBW - Leibniz Information Center for Economics .
- Nikisch, Arthur. In: Leipzig Lexicon. Retrieved October 18, 2017 .
- Picture gallery. In: Deutsche Fotothek . Retrieved January 9, 2018 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g Clive Unger-Hamilton, Neil Fairbairn, Derek Walters; German arrangement: Christian Barth, Holger Fliessbach, Horst Leuchtmann, et al .: The music - 1000 years of illustrated music history . Unipart-Verlag, Stuttgart 1983, ISBN 3-8122-0132-1 , p. 140 .
- ↑ a b Horst Riedel, Thomas Nabert (ed.): Stadtlexikon Leipzig from A to Z . 1st edition. Pro Leipzig, Leipzig 2005, ISBN 3-936508-03-8 , pp. 23, 324, 435 .
- ↑ Gina Klank, Gernot Griebsch: Lexicon of Leipzig street names. Verlag im Wissenschaftszentrum, Leipzig 1995, ISBN 3-930433-09-5 , p. 157
- ↑ a b Markus Cottin, Gina Klank, Karl-Heinz Kretzschmar, Dieter Kürschner, Ilona Petzold: Leipzig monuments . Sax-Verlag Beucha 1998, ISBN 3-930076-71-3 , Volume 1 p. 53
Arthur Nikisch (1878–1886) | Gustav Mahler (1886–1888) | Otto Lohse (1912–1923) | Gustav Brecher (1924–1933) | Paul Schmitz (1933–1951) | Helmut Seydelmann (1951–1962) | Rolf Reuter (1961 / 63–1978) and Paul Schmitz (1964–1973) | Lothar Zagrosek (1990-1992) | Jiří Kout (1993–1999) | Michail Jurowski (1999–2001) | Riccardo Chailly (2005-2008) | Ulf Schirmer (since 2009)
Johann Adam Hiller (1781–1785) | Johann Gottfried Shift (1785–1810) | Johann Philipp Christian Schulz (1810–1827) | August Pohlenz (1827–1835) | Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy (1835–1847) | Ferdinand David (1841–1842) | Ferdinand Hiller (1843–1844) | Niels Wilhelm Gade (1844–1848) | Julius Rietz (1848–1860) | Ferdinand David (1852-1854) | Carl Reinecke (1860–1895) | Arthur Nikisch (1895–1922) | Wilhelm Furtwängler (1922–1928) | Bruno Walter (1929–1933) | Hermann Abendroth (1934–1945) | Herbert Albert (1946–1948) | Franz Konwitschny (1949–1962) | Václav Neumann (1964–1968) | Kurt Masur (1970–1996) | Herbert Blomstedt (1998-2005) | Riccardo Chailly (2005-2016) | Andris Nelsons (since 2018)
Ludwig von Brenner (1882–1887) | Hans von Bülow (1887-1892) | Arthur Nikisch (1895–1922) | Wilhelm Furtwängler (1922–1945) | Leo Borchard (1945) | Sergiu Celibidache (1945–1952) | Wilhelm Furtwängler (1952–1954) | Herbert von Karajan (1954–1989) | Claudio Abbado (1989-2002) | Sir Simon Rattle (2002-2018) | Kirill Petrenko (2019 – present)
George Henschel (1881–1884) | Wilhelm Gericke (1884–1889) | Arthur Nikisch (1889-1893) | Emil Paur (1893–1898) | Wilhelm Gericke (1898–1906) | Karl Muck (1906–1908) | Max Fiedler (1908–1912) | Karl Muck (1912–1918) | Henri Rabaud (1918–1919) | Pierre Monteux (1919–1924) | Sergei Alexandrowitsch Kusewizki (1924–1949) | Charles Münch (1949–1962) | Erich Leinsdorf (1962–1969) | William Steinberg (1969–1972) | Seiji Ozawa (1973-2002) | James Levine (2004-2011) | Andris Nelsons (since 2014)
Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy (1843–1847) | Heinrich Conrad Schleinitz (1847–1881) | Otto Günther (1881–1897) | Carl Reinecke (1897–1902) | Arthur Nikisch (1902–1907) | Stephan Krehl (1907–1924) | Max von Pauer (1924–1932) | Walther Davisson (1932–1942) | Johann Nepomuk David (1942–1945) | Heinrich Schachtebeck (1945–1948) | Rudolf Fischer (1948–1973) | Gustav Schmahl (1973–1984) | Peter Herrmann (1984–1987) | Werner Felix (1987–1990) | Siegfried Thiele (1990–1997) | Christoph Krummacher (1997–2003) | Konrad Körner (2003–2006) | Robert Ehrlich (2006–2015) | Martin Kürschner (since 2015)
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Nikisch, Arthur |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Nikisch, Artúr |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Hungarian-German conductor |
| DATE OF BIRTH | October 12, 1855 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Lébényi Szent-Miklós |
| DATE OF DEATH | January 23, 1922 |
| Place of death | Leipzig |