Johann Nepomuk David

Johann Nepomuk David. Recording by Ernst Hoenisch (1936)

Johann Nepomuk David (born November 30, 1895 in Eferding , Upper Austria , † December 22, 1977 in Stuttgart ) was an Austrian composer, choir director and conductor . David created numerous choral, organ, chamber music and orchestral works as well as oratorios; he was the teacher of many well-known composers and interpreters, including Hans Georg Bertram , Wolfgang Dallmann , Jörg Demus , Helmut Eder , Hans Joachim Kauffmann , Helmut Lachenmann , Hans Stadlmair , Klaus Tennstedt , Friedrich Wickenhauser and Ruth Zechlin .

Life

Johann Nepomuk David was a choirboy in the Augustinian Canons' Monastery of Sankt Florian from 1906 to 1909 and a student at the Stiftsgymnasium Kremsmünster from 1909 to 1912 . From 1912 to 1915 he studied at the (Catholic) Episcopal Teacher Training Institute in Linz . From 1915 to 1920 he was an elementary school teacher in Peterskirchen (Innkreis), from 1920 to 1924 an elementary school teacher in Waizenkirchen .

He then studied from 1921 to 1922 at the Music Academy and at the University of Vienna under Joseph Marx and Guido Adler and had personal contact with Josef Matthias Hauer , Arnold Schönberg and Anton Webern . From 1922 to 1924 David was the musical director of the Linz "Kunststelle", led by the literary scholar and popular educator Dr. Wilhelm Gardener . From January 1925 to autumn 1934 David taught at the Catholic elementary school in Wels , from 1926 to 1934 he directed the Bach choir he founded and was organist at the Protestant Christ Church from 1930 to 1934. From November 1934 to January 1945 he was a teacher, from June 1943 professor of theory and composition as well as head of the choirs at the State Conservatory (from 1941 University of Music) in Leipzig - from May 1, 1942 as acting director of this institute.

During the Nazi era, David, who was not bound by any party, composed almost only absolute music (chamber music, symphonies, orchestral works) or sacred music (organ music, motets, cantatas). A “hero honor / motet based on a Führer word [ Adolf Hitler ] / for 4-part mixed choir and 3 trombones [...] / the fallen teachers and students / the state. Musikhochschule in Leipzig in memory ”on the following text: “ Anyone who remains loyal to their people should never be forgotten even if they are loyal ” .

After the heavy bombing raid on Leipzig on 3rd / 4th December 1943 David led the evacuation of the music academy to Crimmitschau in Saxony from April 1944 , where the study could be continued under the most difficult conditions until the final exams in August 1944. In August 1944 he was included in the so-called Gottbegnadeten list of the most important composers, which saved him from being deployed in war, including on the home front .

From 1945 to 1947 David was a professor of composition, director of the choir and acting director of the Salzburg Mozarteum . From the summer semester of 1948 until he fell ill in May 1963, he held a professorship for theory and counterpoint (composition) at the State University for Music and Performing Arts in Stuttgart . From 1949 to 1952 he was also conductor of the Stuttgart Bruckner Choir and from 1950 to 1953 conductor of the university chamber orchestra , with which he a. a. conducted a widely acclaimed concert in Paris . With these two ensembles, David also performed contemporary compositions that have been documented by productions or recordings by the Süddeutscher Rundfunk Stuttgart .

He was first buried in the Prague cemetery in Stuttgart, but in 1978 he was transferred to a grave of honor in the Vienna Central Cemetery (group 32 C, number 43).

David is considered a traditionalist and polyphonist (not only in church music).

Awards

• 1941 Gau culture prize of the Upper Danube Gau of the NSDAP
• 1949 Franz Liszt Prize , Weimar
• 1951 Prize of the City of Vienna for Music
• 1952 Buxtehude Prize , Lübeck
• 1953 Grand Austrian State Prize for Music
• 1955 Large Federal Cross of Merit
• 1955 Mozart Medal from the Mozart Community in Vienna
• 1960 guest of the Villa Massimo in Rome
• 1963 Bach Prize of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg
• 1963 Anton Bruckner Prize , Linz
• 1966 Austrian Decoration of Honor for Science and Art
• 1966 Mozart Prize from the Goethestiftung Basel by the University of Innsbruck
• 1966 Berlin Art Prize
• 1970 Honorary doctorate from the Protestant theological faculty of the University of Mainz

Memberships

• Joining the Reichsbund German family , one from the Office of Racial Policy NSDAP supervised "Fighting Alliance for Children wealth of Erbtüchtigen" on November 24, 1943rd
• Member of the Academy of Arts in Hamburg , Berlin , Munich and Vienna .

Works

There are many unpublished compositions by David, especially from the years before 1925, which are not included in the list below. Printed works (mainly published by Breitkopf & Härtel, Leipzig or Wiesbaden, a few by Doblinger, Vienna):

Orchestral works

• Partita No. 1 (1935)
• Symphony No. 1 in A minor op.18 (1936)
• Symphony No. 2 op.20 (1938)
• Kum, kum, Geselle min Divertimento based on old folk songs op.24 (1938)
• Partita No. 2 op.27 (1939)
• Symphony No. 3 op.28 (1940)
• Variations on a Theme by Joh. Seb. Bach op.29a (1942)
• Symphonic Variations on a Theme by Heinrich Schütz op.29b (1942)
• Symphony No. 4 op.39 (1945)
• 1st Concerto for String Orchestra, Op. 40 No. 1 (1950)
• 2nd Concerto for String Orchestra, Op. 40 No. 2 (1951)
• Symphony No. 5, Op. 41 (1951)
• Sinfonia preclassica super nomen HASE op.44 (1953)
• German Dances , Variations on an Own Theme (1953) for string orchestra
• Symphony No. 6 op.46 (1954)
• Sinfonia breve op.47 (1955)
• Symphony No. 7 op.49 (1956)
• Magical Squares , Symphonic Fantasy in Three Movements, Op. 52 (1959)
• Sinfonia per archi, op.54 (1959) for string orchestra
• Mirror Cabinet , Waltz op.55 (1960)
• Symphony No. 8 op.59 (1964/65)
• Chaconne op.71 (1972)
• 3rd Concerto for String Orchestra, Op. 74 (1974)

Concerts

• Concerto for flute and orchestra (1934)
• Concerto No. 1 for violin and orchestra, op.45 (1952)
• Concerto No. 2 for violin and string orchestra op.50 (1957)
• Melancholia , music for viola alone and chamber orchestra op.53 (1958)
• Concerto No. 3 for violin and orchestra, op.56 (1961)
• Concerto for organ and orchestra op.61 (1965)
• Variations on a Theme by Josquin des Prés for flute, horn and string orchestra op.62 (1966)
• Double concerto for violin, violoncello and small orchestra op.68 (1969)

Chamber music

• Two duos for violin and viola (1927/29, unpublished)
• Trio in G major for violin, viola and violoncello (1935)
• Duo concertante for violin and violoncello op.19
• Kume, kum, Geselle min , Divertimento after old folk songs op.24 (1939)
• Sonata for flute, viola and guitar op.26 (1940)
• Trio for flute, violin and viola op.30 (1942)
• Solo sonatas op. 31 No. 1–5 (1942–1944)

  Sonata for flute alone op.31 No. 1

  Sonata for violin alone op.31 No. 2

  Sonata for viola alone op.31 No. 3

  Sonata for violoncello alone op.31 No. 4

  Sonata for lute / guitar alone op.31 No. 5

• Chamber music works op. 32 No. 1–4 (1943–1948)

  Sonata for flute and viola op.32 no.1

  Variations on an own theme for recorder and lute op.32 no.2

  Sonata for two violins op.32 no.3

  Sonata for Bb Clarinet and Viola op.32 No. 4

• Four Trios for Violin, Viola and Violoncello Op. 33 Nos. 1–4 (1945–1948)

  Trio No. 1 op.33 No. 1 Nicolo Amati in memoriam (1945)

  Trio No. 2 op.33 No. 2 Antonio Stradivario in memoriam (1945)

  Trio No. 3 op.33 No. 3 Giuseppe Guarneri del Gesu in memoriam (1948)

  Trio No. 4 op.33 No. 4 Jacobo Stainer in memoriam (1948)

• "There is a lime in that valley" Partita for violin solo op. 37 No. 1 (1949)
• Sonata for three violoncellos op.57 (1962)
• Second Sonata for Violin alone op.58 No. 1 (1963)

Secular choral works

• Spruch von Angelus Silesius “ Mensch wird Essential” (1937) Three-part male choir a cappella
• The world is God's house Four-part motet based on the words of Theophrastus Paracelsus op.34 no.1 (1945)
• Three animal songs four-part a cappella op.36 (1945)

  1. Bees blessing The bees are without open (old German)

  2. The Little Owl Poor Little Owl I (from the boy's wonder horn)

  3. The hangover This is the world, it rises and falls (Goethe)

• Ten folk song movements for three- to four-part mixed choir a cappella (1949)

  1. Kum, kum Geselle min , four-part with humming choir ( SATB )

  2. A dark cloud comes in , four-part (SATB)

  3. The watchman who blew on , three-part (SAT)

  4. I would like to ride out , four-part (SATB)

  5. I know a little girl, pretty and fine , four-part (SATB)

  6. Knows me a little blue flower , three-part (SAT)

  7. It resembles a rose bush , four-part (SATB)

  8. It's a reaper, it's called death , four-part (SATB)

  9. You my only light , three-part (SABar)

  10. Spiritual Drinking Song Let's Sing and Be Merry , four-part (SATB)

• Ten new folk song movements for mixed choir a cappella (1952)

  1. Der mayen, der Mayen , four-part (SATB)

  2. I would like to sing , three-part (SAB)

  3. I am delighted , four-part (SATB)

  4. What do we want to do in the evening? , four-part (SATB)

  5. Very lovely has come together , four-part (SATB)

  6. It meets in front of the forest , four-part (SATB)

  7. You my only light , three-part (ATB)

  8. I ring my horn in a lamenting tone , four-part (SATB)

  9th Breton evening song It sounds the beat of the evening bell (SATBBB)

  10. The grim death with his arrow , four-part (SATB)

• Received and nourished , motet for four-part mixed choir (SATB) (based on Der Mensch by Matthias Claudius) op.34 no.2 (1956)
• Come consolation of the night, o nightingale , motet for four-part mixed choir (SATB) (after Lied des Einsiedlers from Simplicius Simplicissimus by Hans Jakob Christian von Grimmeslhausen) op.34 no.3 (1956)
• Es went ein Maidlein tender , for two choirs a cappella (SAT / SSBB) (1961)
• It has fallen snow , for four-part mixed choir a cappella (SATB) (1961)
• Two four-part movements (1961)

  1. Bless you foliage (SATB)

  2. A dark cloud is entering (SATB)

• Wân Denk Do der sumer komen was ( Walther von der Vogelweide ) for four voices (SATB), flute and horn, op.64 (1966)
• Because of minor things op.76 (1970/75)

Sacred choral and vocal works: motets, cantatas, sacred songs

• Stabat Mater , for six-part mixed choir a cappella (SSATBB) (1927)
• A little lamb goes and is to blame ( Paul Gerhard ), four-part motet a cappella (SATB) (1935)
• Now we ask the Holy Spirit , four-part choral motets a cappella (SATB) (1935)
• Lord, now latched the car , four / five-part Choralmotette a cappella (SATB / SATTB) (1935) over the Kappeler song
• Ex Deo nascimur - In Christo morimur - Ex Spirito Sancto reviviscimus , ( Martin Luther and Nikolaus Hermann) Motet for eight-part choir a cappella (SATB / SATB) (1936)
• I want me to be at home (about Heinrich Laufenberg's song ), choral motet, four-part a cappella (SATB) (1936)
• The righteous souls are in God's hands , four-part motet a cappella (SATB) (1937)
• Kyrie, Lord God, have mercy , three-part (SAB) a cappella (1937)
• Two motets for four- and five-part mixed choir a cappella op.23 (1939)

  1. If you have ears to hear, hear , four-part (SATB)

  2. And I saw a new heaven (according to the Secret Revelation), (SATB / SSATB)

• Happy we all begin , cantata for three voices (SAB), oboe and organ (1941)
• I like to die out of love . Gottesminnelieder after words by Mechthild von Magdeburg for soprano and organ (1942)
• Two choral works op. 35 nos. 1–2

  1. Victimae pascalis laudes , motet for four-part mixed choir (SATB) a cappella (1948)

  2. Ut queant laxis ( Guido von Arezzo ), Hymnus super voces musicales, five-part (SSATB) (1946)

• Veni Creator Spiritus , for mixed choir a cappella (SATB) (1957)
• Six Gospel Motets for mixed choir a cappella (1958)

  1. The Pharisee and the tax collector (Lk 18: 10-14), four-part (SATB)

  2. Let the little children come to me (Mk 10: 13-16), four-part (SATB)

  3. The adulteress (Joh 8,3-11), five-part (SATTB)

  4. The widow's mite (Mk 12.41-45), four-part (SATB)

  5. The Good Samaritan (Lk 10.30-34), four-part (SATB)

  6. The two blind men (Matt 9,27-30), six-part (SSATBB)

• O Heiland tear open the heavens , motet for small mixed choir of three voices (SAB) (1959)
• Psalm 139 Lord You Search Me , for mixed choir (SATB) (1961)
• Maria durch den Dornwald went , song motet for mixed choir ( SATBB ) (1962)
• Five chorale cantatas for soprano, alto, bass and positive organ op. 60 No. 1–5 (1965)

  1. Now come the Savior of the Gentiles

  2. Blessed be you, Jesus Christ

  3. Christ who saves us

  4. Christ is risen

  5. Come, God Creator, Holy Spirit

• Marienpreis Maget und muoter (Walther von der Vogelweide), motet for soprano solo and four-six-part mixed choir a cappella op.63 (1966)
• O we poor sinners (Hermann Bonn, 1504–1548), cantata for alto solo, four-part mixed choir and organ op. 65 (1968)
• Kyrie de angelis, for three equal voices and organ (1968)
• 3 sentences from the "Cherubinischen Wanderer", text by Angelus Silesius (1971)
• 3 Gospel motets for choir, alto flute, harp, double bass, timpani, gong, tam-tam op.69 (1972)
• Come, Holy Spirit (Veni Creator Spiritus), cantata for 2 choirs and orchestra, op.72 (1972)
• In the middle of life we ​​are surrounded by death (1973)
• Open the door (1975)

Great sacred works: oratorios, masses

• German Mass for Mixed Choir a cappella (SATB) op.42 (1952)
• Missa choralis (de angelis) ad quattuor voces inaequales, op.43 (1953)
• Requiem chorale for solos, choir and orchestra op.48 (1956)
• Ezzolied, oratorio for solos, choir and orchestra op.51 (1957)
• Mass for four upper voices op.67 (1968)

Choral work for organ

1-5 Issue (1932–1935)

• 1st issue

  1. Honor only to God on high . Chorale prelude

  2. Christ is risen . Little imagination

  3. Keep us, Lord, by your word . Small partita

  4. It is salvation we come here . Small partita

  5. I love you dearly, Lord . Chorale prelude

  6. Jerusalem, you built-up city . Introduction and fugue

• 2nd issue

  7. Come, Holy Spirit, Lord God . Chorale prelude

  8. Praise the Lord, the Mighty King . Toccata

  9. Open the door , the gate opens wide . Small partita

  10. O Lamb of God innocent . Chorale prelude

  11. O sadness, o heartache - O head full of blood and wounds . Small partita

  12. O world, I must let you . Small partita

  13. Our Father in the Kingdom of Heaven . Small partita

  14. A rose has sprung up - from heaven high . Small partita about two Christmas carols

  15. Who only lets the good God rule . Little Passacaglia

• 3rd issue

  16. Oh how fleeting, oh how void . Small partita

  17. Blessed are you, Jesus Christ . Introduction, chorale and fugue

  18. I hoped in you, Lord . Toccata and chorale

  19. I'll go there with Fried and Freud . Small partita

  20. Now rejoice, dear Christians, yes . Toccata and Fugue

  21. O Savior, tear open the heavens . Little imagination

• 4th issue

  22. A strong castle is our God . fantasy

  23. Jesus, go ahead . Chorale

  24. Lord, now stop the car yourself . Little imagination

  25. Now come the Savior of the Gentiles . fantasy

  26. Wake up, the voice calls us . Small partita

  27. How beautifully the morning star shines . Chorale prelude

• 5th issue

  28. Oh God, see it from heaven . Little imagination

  29. Graciously grant us peace . Passamezzo

  30. Wake up, wake up, you German country . Chorale prelude

  31. Wake up, wake up, you German country . Introduction and Passacaglia

  32. When my last hour comes . Chorale prelude

• 6th issue

  33. Christ, he is my life . A teaching piece for organ (1937)

• 7th issue

  34. A ship is coming loaded . Partita (1939)

  35. Up from the sky . partita

  36. How beautifully the morning star shines for us . Chorale and fugue

• 8th issue

  37. Three angels sang a sweet song . Sacred concert for organ (1941)

• 9th issue

  38. Unconquerably strong hero, Saint Michael . Partita (1945)

• 10th issue

  39. It is a reaper, is called death . Partita (1947)

• 11th issue

  40. As Jesus stood on the cross . Partita (1952)

• 12th issue

  41. Praise God, you pious Christians . Partita (1952)

• 13th issue

  42. Out of great need - Oh God, see it from heaven - our Father . Partitas (1959)

• 14th issue

  43. We are in the middle of life - Maria walked through the thorn forest - When my little hour is available . Fantasies (1962)

• 15th issue

  44. Christ is my life (1965)

• 16. Issue

  45. O poor Judas (1967)

• 17th issue

  46. Our Father in Heaven (1969)

• 18th issue

  46. Come on, the Gentile Savior (1969)

• 19th issue

  48. Come on, the Gentile Savior (1969)

• 20th issue

  49. A ship comes loaded . partita

• 21. Issue:

  50. Come, God Creator, Holy Spirit (1973)

Organ works (outside of the chorale work)

• Ricercare in C minor (1925)
• Chaconne in A minor (1927)
• Two hymns. Pange lingua - Veni Creator (1928)
• Passamezzo and Fugue in G minor (1928)
• Toccata and Fugue in F minor (1928)
• Fantasia super "L'homme armé" (1929)
• Praeambulum and Fugue in D minor (1930)
• Two little preludes and fugues. E minor and G major (1931)
• Two fantasies and fugues. E minor and C major (1935)
• Ricercare in a (5 voices) (1937)
• Introit, chorale and fugue for organ and nine wind instruments on a theme by A. Bruckner , Werk 25 (1939, first performed on November 12, 1939 in Bremen Cathedral by Michael Schneider, conductor: Richard Liesche)
• Partita on " Innsbruck, I have to let you " (1955)
• Chaconne and Fuga (1962)
• Toccata and Fugue (1962)
• Partita on BACH (1964)
• Twelve organ fugues through all keys, work 66 (1967/68)
• Partita for organ (1970)
• Holderlin . Ode - Elegy - Hymn (1970)
• Francis of Assisi (1972)
• Thomas Aquinas (1972)
• Sonata for violin and organ op.75 (1975)
• Sonata for violoncello and organ (1975)

Publications

• The Jupiter Symphony . A study of the thematic-melodic relationships [Appendix: The 'Os iusti' by Anton Bruckner ]. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1953.
• The two-part inventions by Johann Sebastian Bach . Goettingen 1957
• The three-part inventions by JSBach . Göttingen 1959
• The well-tempered piano . An attempt at a synopsis. Goettingen 1962

literature

• Rudolf Klein: Johann Nepomuk David. (Series: Austrian Composers of the 20th Century, Volume 3). Österreichischer Bundesverlag, Vienna 1964.
• Hans Georg Bertram: Material Structure Form. Studies of musical order with Johann Nepomuk David. 2 volumes. Breitkopf & Härtel, Wiesbaden 1965 (= Diss. Phil. University of Würzburg).
• Hans Heinz Stuckenschmidt : Johann Nepomuk David. Reflections on his work. With an outline of Helmut von Hase's life and a catalog raisonné. Breitkopf & Härtel, Wiesbaden 1965.
• Announcements from the International Johann Nepomuk David Society. Editing: Bernhard A. Kohl et al., Stuttgart 1979 ff.
• Bernhard A. Kohl: David, Johann Nepomuk . In: Ludwig Finscher (Hrsg.): The music in past and present. Second edition, personal section, volume 5 (Cover-Dz). Bärenreiter / Metzler, Kassel et al. 2001, ISBN 3-7618-1115-2 , Sp. 491–503
• Bernhard A. Kohl: Johann Nepomuk David. Thematic-chronological catalog of all compositions and writings as well as their sources. Appendix: Study of David's way of working. With facsimile boards. 2 volumes. Dissertation University of Vienna 2002.
• Barbara Boisits: David, family. In: Oesterreichisches Musiklexikon . Online edition, Vienna 2002 ff., ISBN 3-7001-3077-5 ; Print edition: Volume 1, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 2002, ISBN 3-7001-3043-0 .
• Johann Nepomuk David. Lines and breaks . Edited by Gesine Schröder , Olms: Hildesheim 2016, online at [1] (PDF)
• Johann Nepomuk David in the Vienna History Wiki of the City of Vienna
• Johann Nepomuk David in the Bavarian Musicians' Lexicon Online (BMLO)

Web links

• Literature by and about Johann Nepomuk David in the catalog of the German National Library
• Works by and about Johann Nepomuk David  in the German Digital Library
• Homepage
• Works
• literature
• ÖMZ article (PDF; 782 kB) Appreciation article on the occasion of the award of the Austrian State Prize
• Recordings of "Gospel Motet No. 6: The Two Blind" by Johann Nepomuk David from the online archive of the Austrian Media Library

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Bernhard A. Kohl: Article "David, Johann Nepomuk", in: MGG , second revised edition, person part vol. 5, col. 491 ff.
2. ^ Quotation from Bernhard A. Kohl: "Johann Nepomuk David in Leipzig - a documentation", in: Mitteilungen 4 der Internationale J.-N.-David-Gesellschaft , Stuttgart 1983, p. 8.
3. ^ Ernst Klee : The culture lexicon for the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945. S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 978-3-10-039326-5 , p. 108.
4. ^ Inscription Deutschordenshof, Singerstraße: Joh.Nepomuk David 1955 (accessed June 11, 2014)
5. ↑ Fred K. Prieberg: Handbook of German Musicians 1933–1945 , CD-Rom-Lexikon, Kiel 2004, p. 1000.
6. ^ Walter Haberl: The Sonata for Lute or Guitar (op. 31, No. 5) by Johann Nepomuk David. In: Guitar & Laute 3, 1981, 4, pp. 18-23.