Come, Holy Spirit, Lord God

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Pentecost picture from Luther's “ September Testament ”, 1522

Come, Holy Spirit, Lord God is a hymn for Pentecost . The first stanza dates from the 15th century and is a translation of the antiphon for Pentecost "Veni Sancte Spiritus, reple tuorum corda fidelium". Martin Luther composed two further stanzas, which first appeared in 1524. The song is numbered 125 in the Evangelical Hymnbook . It inspired vocal and organ music from the Renaissance to the 20th century, including by Dieterich Buxtehude and Johann Sebastian Bach .

text

Content and form

The first stanza with the melody that is still common today is recorded around 1480 in the Ebersberg monastery . It closely follows its model, the Latin antiphon for the Magnificat of Pentecost Vespers . Like this, she paraphrases the Pentecost story of the Acts of the Apostles ( Acts 2 : 1–13  EU ) with the key words fire (heat) , languages ​​(tongues) and unity of faith .

Martin Luther, portrait by Lucas Cranach , 1521

Luther expanded the song by two stanzas, referring to biblical statements such as Gal 4,6  LUT , Mt 23,8-10  LUT and Rom 8,26  LUT . In the second stanza he let his Reformation concerns flow: the word as the source of life, Jesus as the only master .

Each stanza has nine lines. The first is always an address by the Holy Spirit , taken up in the middle of the stanza by the cry O Lord . The last line is a double alleluia . Luther adopted this structure from the older stanza.

The song first appeared in 1524 in Wittenberg in Eyn geystlich Gesangk Buchleyn , compiled and set by Johann Walter . In the same year it was also published in the Erfurt Enchiridion . It became the main song for Pentecost in German-speaking Lutheran churches.

The original text, with its irregular elevations and lowerings , does not yet follow the “ Opitz rule”, which has been compensated for in some places in today's text version.

Come, Holy Spirit, Lord God , Enchiridion of Erfurt 1524

text

Original text Evangelical hymn book

Kom heyliger geyst gentleman god
erful with deyner graces gutt
deyner gleubgen hertz courage vnnd synn /
deyn ardor lovingly ignited yn yhn
O lord through deynes light glass /
you have gathered to believe /
the people out of all tongues /
the sey dyr sung to praise /
Alleluia. Alleluia.

You holy lie, noble
hoard / let the word of life shine from us.
And learn to know God rightly / to
call you father from the heart.
O lord watch out for strangers /
that we are not masters looking for the sea.
Because Jhesum with right glawben /
vnd yhm from gantzer makes vertrawen.
Alleluia Alleluia.

You holy heat sweet consolation /
nu hylff vns merry and confident.
In deym dienst constantly bleyben /
do not abort the trubsall vnns.
O Lord through your strength vns prepared /
vnd sterck of flesh blodigkeyt.
That we wrestle knightly here /
dryn out to you through death and life.
Alleluia Alleluia

Come, Holy Spirit, Lord God,
fill the good of
your believers 'hearts, courage and minds with your graces ,
your burning love kindles in him'.
O Lord, through the shine of your light
for faith you gathered
the people from all over the world with tongues.
That be sung to you, Lord, in praise.
Alleluia, alleluia.

You holy light, noble refuge,
let us shine the word of life
and teach us to know God rightly, to
call him Father with all our hearts.
O Lord, guard against foreign teaching,
that we do not seek masters more
than Jesus with right faith
and trust him with all our might.
Alleluia, alleluia.

You holy glow, sweet consolation,
now help us to
remain joyful and confident in our service,
the tribulations do not drive us away.
O Lord, through your strength we are ready
and defend ourselves against the fear of the flesh, so
that we may wrestle knightly here,
penetrate to you through life and death.
Alleluia, alleluia.

Melody and arrangements

First page of the manuscript of Bach's chorale prelude BWV 651; the melody begins in the third system (pedal)

The anonymous melody ? / i was taken from the version published in 1480. It is similar to the melody of the song “Adesto, sancte spiritus” by Marchetus de Padua (approx. 1270). Early polyphonic movements come from Heinrich Faber , Johann Walter, Arnold von Bruck and Samuel Scheidt . Johann Eccard composed a five-part motet and Heinrich Schütz a sacred concert as part of the Symphnoniae sacrae III . Audio file / audio sample

Dieterich Buxtehude composed two chorale preludes for organ on the melody, BuxWV 199 and 200, as did Heinrich Scheidemann , Nicolaus Hasse , Andreas Nicolaus Vetter , Georg Friedrich Kauffmann , Johann Gottfried Walther and Johann Ludwig Krebs .

Johann Sebastian Bach wrote two chorale preludes, which he included in his collection of eighteen chorales : Fantasia super Komm, Heiliger Geist, canto fermo in pedals , BWV 651, and Komm, Heiliger Geist, alio modo a 2 clav. e pedals , BWV 652.

Bach quoted the melody instrumentally as cantus firmus in a duet of his first cantata for Pentecost, Schallet, you songs, sounding, you strings! (BWV 172, 1714). He used the first stanza as sentence 3 in his Pentecost cantata Whoever Loves Me, He Will Keep My Word (BWV 59, 1723 or 1724) and the third stanza as the final chorale of his funeral moth The Spirit helps our weaknesses (1729).

Other vocal compositions include, for example, a mass on the melody by Georg Philipp Telemann for five voices and basso continuo as well as motets by Moritz Hauptmann , August Eduard Grell , Arnold Mendelssohn (1921), Hans Humpert (1932) and Rudolf Petzold (1957).

Translations

Translated into Danish as "Kom Helligaand herre Gud ..." in the Danish hymn book Rostock 1529, no. 31 (translated by Claus Mortensen), taken over into the Danish hymn book by Ludwig Dietz, Salmebog , 1536, and into the hymn book by Hans Tausen , En Ny Psalmebog , 1553; edited by Frederik Hammerich, 1843 and 1850, and adopted as “Kom, Helligånd, Gud Herre from, med miskundhed og nåde kom…” in Den Danske Salmebog , 1953, no. 259, and in the current Danish hymn book Den Danske Salmebog , 2003 , No. 301.

Translated into Swedish in 1567, 1695 in the version "Kom Helge Ande Herre Gudh, upfyll medh tine nåde godh ..." and edited in 1816 by Johan Olof Wallin.

Translated into English "Come, Holy Ghost, God and Lord ..." by Catherine Winkworth , 1855.

literature

Web links

Commons : Come, Holy Spirit, Lord God  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The first stanza is also contained in the Praise of God (1975) (No. 247); the song was not included in the new praise of God .
  2. ↑ Latin text and translation of the Antiphon ( Memento from May 22, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  3. ↑ "blodigkeyt" = "weakness"
  4. ↑ a b c d e Come, Holy Spirit, Lord God at Bach Cantatas (English)
  5. ↑ Come, Holy Spirit, God and Lord! ( English ) hymntime.com. Retrieved May 14, 2014.
  6. ↑ “Come, Holy Spirit, Lord God” (EG 125) . EKD . Retrieved May 14, 2014.
  7. ↑ Kom heyliger geyst lord God . Wikisource.
  8. ↑ Come, Holy Spirit, Lord God . Carus publishing house. Retrieved May 14, 2014.
  9. ↑ Come, holy spirit, Lord God, BuxWV 199 (Buxtehude, Dietrich) . International Music Score Library Project. Retrieved May 14, 2014.
  10. ↑ Come, Holy Spirit, Lord God ( English ) mutopiaproject.org. Retrieved May 14, 2014.
  11. ↑ Cf. Otto Holzapfel : Lied index: The older German-language popular song tradition ( online version on the Volksmusikarchiv homepage of the Upper Bavaria district ; in PDF format; ongoing updates) with further information.
  12. ↑ Swedish Wikipedia (April 2020)
  13. ↑ English Wikipedia (April 2020)