Eutritzsch

Eutritzsch district of Leipzig
Coordinates	51 ° 22 '7 "  N , 12 ° 23' 6"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 22 '7 "  N , 12 ° 23' 6"  E.
surface	4.63 km²
Residents	14,723 (Dec. 31, 2018)
Population density	3180 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation	1890
Post Code	04129
prefix	0341
Borough	North
Transport links
Federal road
Train	S 2 S 4 S 6
tram	9, 16
bus	80, 85, 90
Source: statistik-leipzig.de , LVB

Eutritzsch is a district of Leipzig and belongs to the northern district .

location

Eutritzsch Town Hall

In addition to the old village center at Eutritzscher Markt and Gräfestraße, Eutritzsch also includes the St. Georg Hospital, the St. Georg settlement and a small industrial area on Zschortauer Straße. The north cemetery of the city of Leipzig and the old Israelite cemetery are also located in Eutritzsch . The most important traffic artery is the Delitzscher Straße running in north-south direction, on which the tram line 16 runs to the Neue Messe .

Eutritzsch borders Gohlis in the west , from which it is separated by Arthur-Bretschneider-Park and the Nördliche Rietzschke stream . To the north, the district of Wiederitzsch is neighboring. In the east, the Berlin railway forms the border with Mockau and in the south, the northern suburb of Leipzig borders on Eutritzsch.

history

Prehistory and early history

Around 3000 BC A Neolithic settlement emerged on the Höllenberg, where the St. Georg Clinic and the St. Georg settlement are located today .

middle Ages

Eutritzsch is an old Slavic village; it existed before the German settlement in the east , which included the area of ​​the Leipzig lowland bay around the year 1000. In terms of the type of settlement and the district, Eutritzsch was a double dead end village with a strip of land similar to that of a win and had 396 hectares of land (as of 1883).

The place was first mentioned in writing in 1335 in a tax register of the offices of Leipzig and Naundorf under the name "Udericz".

Historical typefaces of Eutritzsch

year	1335	1346	1359	1470	1542	1580	1791
changed name over the years	Udericz	Vderish	Uderitz	Ewderitzsch	Euderitzsch	Eyderitz	Euteritzsch

The Burgrave of Leisnig , Albrecht the Elder, sold the Eutritzsch feudal right to his uncle, the Burgrave of Meissen , in 1346 .

Christ Church in Eutritzsch

Christ Church Eutritzsch, interior with a view of the apse with the Marien Altar. The current St. Mary's altar from 1480 comes from Machern . It has been in the church since 1960 and was restored in 2002.

Eutritzsch in 1859 (Leipzig City Archives)

The Eutritzsch village church (today's Christ Church) was built in the 13th century, as indicated by a tower script from 1282 that was still legible in the 19th century. In 1381 the Leipzig council acquired the land and judicial rule over Eutritzsch from Rudolf von Bünau on Erdmannshain. The transfer of the feudal rights of the place "Udericzsch by Lipczk" to the City Council of Leipzig was done by the Margraves of Meissen. In 1385 this fief was renewed. The place was thus the oldest of the Leipzig council villages and remained in the possession of the Leipzig city council until the landlord was replaced in the 1830s.

Early modern age

From 1503 a new nave with an apse was added to the existing church tower of the Eutritzsch village church. In 1539 the Lutheran Reformation was introduced and the previous Catholic rite was banned. The villages of Gohlis and Möckern were assigned to Eutritzsch by the parish. Möckern left this parish union in 1856 and Gohlis in 1871.

Eutritzsch was burned down on January 5th, 1547 during the Schmalkaldic War . The first mention of a schoolmaster in Leipzig is dated to the year 1550. The first actual school building in Eutritzsch was built in 1576. It was demolished in 1863 and was located in today's churchyard directly in front of the church tower of today's Christ Church.

Thirty Years' War

Eutritzsch was burned to the ground on October 22, 1632 during the Thirty Years War . 62 residents of the village and 64 foreigners died during a plague epidemic .

Interior of the Eutritzsch Gosenschänke with corps students carousing (Die Gartenlaube, 1872)

The already existing Eutritzscher Dorfschänke (later Gosenschänke ) was expanded in 1640. The historic Gosenschänke was demolished on January 9 and 10, 2001. Its renaissance portal and a wooden column were removed and part of the cellar vault was temporarily secured. The other historical Eutritzschänken (Kümmelapotheke from 1662, the Goldene Helm from 1673 and the Ankerschänke from 1668) had already been demolished in 1960, 1963 and 1980.

18th century

In 1705 there were 36 farms and one cottage owner in Eutritzsch . The Eutritzsch farmers set up a communal forge in 1709 on the village square, today Eutritzscher Marktplatz. This communal forge was demolished in 1885.

The Gose brewery is said to have been introduced in 1738 by Leopold von Dessau . In 1794 the first parish hall was built in Gräfestraße. It was used as a second schoolhouse from 1843 to 1863. The building was suspected of being arson on January 5, 1994 and was rebuilt in 1996.

Since the 19th century

During the Leipzig Battle of Nations in 1813, Eutritzsch was heavily devastated by marauding army units. In 1836 a windmill was built at the northern end of the village, which in 1860 was moved from its location between Delitzscherstrasse and Diesterwegstrasse to the hill at Delitzscher Strasse 180. The building was abandoned in 1889.

The first council of the village was elected on April 22nd, 1839 in the Eutritzscher Gosenschänke. The first major expansion of the town began in the 1840s along Delitzscher Strasse between Marktplatz and Kunadstrasse, when a worsted yarn spinning mill and a wool combing mill were located between Kunadstrasse and Schiebestrasse. The Leipzig-Halle railway line, which crossed Delitzscher Strasse at the confluence with Theresienstrasse, was opened on August 18, 1840.

In 1850 a bookbinding linen factory settled in Eutritzsch (today the location of the Schinkelstrasse residential complex). Five years later, in 1855, Germany's first agricultural machinery factory was founded in Eutritzsch. In the same year the Thuringian Railway was built on March 22nd, which ran between Blumenstrasse and Blochmannstrasse. The Leipzig-Bitterfeld Railway was built on February 1, 1859 on the border between Eutritzsch and Mockau . On November 6th, 1860 the Eutritzsch Gymnastics Club was founded. In the same year a kindergarten was set up in the former shepherd's house on Eutritzscher Markt. In the following year, 1861, the Eutritzsch brickworks started production.

Due to the increased number of children, a new school building was built in 1863 at Delitzscher Strasse 110. The first post office was opened in Eutritzsch in 1864. The gas lighting for the streets was installed in 1867. The Eutritzsch chemical factory was founded in 1868 in Zschortauer Straße and from then on has been causing severe environmental pollution.

In the wake of the phase of economic prosperity after the founding of the German Empire in 1871, additional companies settled in Eutritzsch in the 1870s: a printing ink factory, an iron foundry, an iron construction factory, a metal spring factory for vehicles, a factory for agricultural machines, a brickworks and a construction factory. In the 1880s, ten nurseries in Eutritzsch started their production, so that Eutritzsch developed into an important seed production center in the German Empire.

In 1872 the first horse-drawn tram was set up; the associated historical depot from 1886 was demolished in 1990. The village expanded to include large apartment blocks in the Wilhelminian style . A first pharmacy was set up in 1878. In the same year, the Möckern-Leipzig railway line was built with large railway bridges over Delitzscher and Theresienstraße. A large poor house was built in 1886/1887. In the following year, 1888, the new Eutritzsch town hall was inaugurated on the market square. It was built in neo-Renaissance forms based on the designs of the Leipzig architect Ottomar Jummel, who also designed the Bismarck House on Leipzig's market square .

In 1890, the previously independent municipality of Eutritzsch with its then 9,623 inhabitants was incorporated into the city of Leipzig.

From 2019, a small new district will be created immediately south of the border with the Zentrum-Nord district, the Eutritzscher Freiladebahnhof .

Personalities

• Gottlob Friedrich Jenichen (1680–1735), Lutheran theologian and historian
• Arthur Holke (1883–1940), anarchist, persecuted by the Nazi regime
• Karin Peschel (1935–2020), economist, university rector

Attractions

• List of cultural monuments in Eutritzsch (A – J)
• List of cultural monuments in Eutritzsch (K – Z)

literature

• Handbook of German Art Monuments, Saxony, Volume II, administrative districts of Leipzig and Chemnitz, Berlin 1998, pp. 576–579.
• Wolfgang Grundmann: Eutritzsch, in: From the history of the Leipzig districts Eutritzsch, Schönefeld and Wahren, ed. v. Cultural Association of the German Democratic Republic, Society for Local History, Leipzig District Board, Leipzig 1983.
• Wolfgang Grundmann: 650 years of Eutritzsch 1335–1985, From the history of the Leipzig-Eutritzsch district, Leipzig 1985.
• Wolfgang Grundmann: The new Israelitische Friedhof, in: Leipzig, From Past and Present, Contributions to City History 5, Leipzig 1988.
• Wolfgang Grundmann (Ed.): Eutritzsch, Historical Views of a Leipzig District, Leipzig-Eutritzsch 1990.
• Historical book of place names of Saxony, Volume I: A – L, ed. vd Saxon Academy of Sciences, Ernst Eichler, Hans Walther, arr. v. Volkmar Hellfritzsch, Erika Weber, series: Sources and research on Saxon history, Berlin 2001, pp. 256–257.
• Kurt Krebs: From the past of Eutritzsch, Leipzig 1890.
• Kurt Krebs: Essays and documents on the history of Eutritzsch and the surrounding area, Leipzig 1935.
• Christoph Kühn u. Wolfgang Grundmann: Eutritzsch, A historical and urban planning study, Leipzig 2001.
• Marta Reuther u. Iris Doehler: The Meyer houses in Leipzig, affordable housing, Leipzig 1995.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Christoph Kühn u. Wolfgang Grundmann: Eutritzsch, A historical and urban planning study, Leipzig 2001, p. 4.
2. ↑ ^{a b} http://hov.isgv.de/Eutritzsch , accessed on May 27, 2017.
3. ↑ Christoph Kühn u. Wolfgang Grundmann: Eutritzsch, A historical and urban planning study, Leipzig 2001, pp. 4–5.
4. ↑ Christoph Kühn u. Wolfgang Grundmann: Eutritzsch, A historical and urban planning study, Leipzig 2001, p. 5.
5. ↑ Christoph Kühn u. Wolfgang Grundmann: Eutritzsch, A historical and urban planning study, Leipzig 2001, pp. 8–9.

Web links

Commons : Eutritzsch  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Eutritzsch in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
• Information website My district of the city of Leipzig for Eutritzsch