Thonberg (Leipzig)

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Thonberg is a district of Leipzig southeast of the center and has been part of the city of Leipzig since it was incorporated in 1890. According to the municipal structure of the city of Leipzig from 1992, Thonberg forms together with the southern part of Reudnitz the district Reudnitz-Thonberg , but parts of the former Thonberg have also fallen to the districts of Stötteritz and Zentrum-Südost.

Prager Strasse in Thonberg, on the left the Technical City Hall of Leipzig, on the right the Thonberg Clinic, 2012
Thonberg on a map from 1879
Motif from the Thonberg street houses, 1888

location

In its historical district, in which Thonberg is described here, it is roughly bordered by the following streets, starting in the north: Stötteritzer Strasse, Schönbachstrasse, An der Tabaksmühle, Richard-Lehmann-Strasse , Zwickauer Strasse, Semmelweisstrasse, eastern border of the Friedenspark .

The adjoining parts of the city or district are clockwise Reudnitz , Stötteritz, Probstheida , Marienbrunn , the Leipziger Südvorstadt and Zentrum-Südost. The central axis of Thonberg is Prager Strasse (formerly Reitzenhainer or Leninstrasse).

history

Until the incorporation

The name Thonberg refers to the clay pits that once existed here, which were already mentioned in a deed of trust from 1395 (“by den Tangruben”), but also to the rise in the area in the south of the corridor. The clay pits had been in the possession of the Leipzig patrician family Preusser since 1452 , who promoted the settlement by building a Vorwerk (1524/1542) - located approximately in the area of ​​exhibition hall 7 of the old exhibition center. The buildings of the manor were affected by fires in both the Schmalkaldic War and the Thirty Years' War . The name "Uebelessen" for the Vorwerk Thonberg, as evidenced by old maps, probably originates from this time: According to legend, this name goes back to the exclamation of a general resting in Thonberg, whose soup bowl was thrown from the table by the detonation of a cannonball and who then "It's bad eating here!" Is said to have exclaimed. (Some continue the story with “Let's go to Wolkwitz ”, which means that Liebertwolkwitz also gets his name.) On May 24, 1658, a large fire destroyed numerous buildings, which heralded the gradual decline of the Thonberg estate. After a few changes of ownership - including privy councilor Freiherr von Hoym , Countess Cosel's husband - the city of Leipzig acquired the estate for 19,000 thalers and also took over the leaseholder. The estate was renewed and a bar was built.

Güntzsche Anstalt in Thonberg, 1861

After 1719 the Thonberger street houses were built on the street to Probstheida (today's Prager Straße); in 1796 there were nine. Most of the poor people lived here. In 1778 there were 41 houses in Thonberg , in 1834 there were 879 residents in 48 houses. On July 28, 1854, the local status was issued for the community and the name "Thonberg Street Houses" was established.

In 1743, at the southern end of the Thonberger corridor, Johann Gottfried Quandt had built a windmill for processing tobacco, the Quandtsche Tabaksmühle . During the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig on October 18, 1813 , Napoléon Bonaparte observed the fighting from here and gave the order to retreat. Thonberg suffered severe damage. In 1857 a monument, the Napoleon Stone , was erected on the site of the Napoleonic command post .

In 1839 Eduard Wilhelm Güntz opened the Thonberg private institution on Thonberger Flur as a private sanatorium with a park for the mentally ill of the upper classes, whose management was taken over by his son-in-law Justus Theobald Güntz in 1863. Every year around 70 to 80 patients were treated there without using mechanical restraint. In 1888 the institution became the property of the Johannishospital, which it operated until it was closed in 1920. The Güntz Park is still reminiscent of the facility. From 1841 to 1856, Dr. Salomon of the Güntzsche facility is adjacent to the "Mariabrunn" hydropathic institute, whose facilities were then managed by Dr. Güntz were taken over.

Thonberger Church, 1868,
from 1895 Church of the Redeemer

The Neureudnitz settlement had developed next to the street houses, across Stötteritzer Strasse, and began to cooperate with Thonberg in some areas due to its proximity. In 1860 a joint kindergarten was inaugurated, the volunteer fire brigades worked together, and in 1865 Thonberg and Neureudnitz merged to form a church parish . In 1867 the foundation stone was laid for a church, which was built according to plans by the architect Hugo Altendorff near the intersection of Riebeck- / Stötteritzer Straße and financed at a cost of 27,000 thalers with funds from a collection throughout Saxony, which the parish, which in the Consisted essentially of workers, could not have raised it alone. The three-aisled hall church was inaugurated on July 25, 1869. Since 1895, the church has been known as the “Erlöserkirche”, referring to the altarpiece . It was completely destroyed in a bomb attack on February 27, 1945 and was not rebuilt at this point.

The first school was opened in Thonberg in 1793 after a teacher had already taught in his apartment. The growing place made several enlargements necessary until a new school with ten classrooms was built in 1887 in Zillerstraße.

In 1884 the Leipzig Horse Railway Company added the residential areas of Thonberg and Neureudnitz to its horse-drawn railway network. The “green” line (according to its registration number) ended at Johannisallee. In 1885 Mühlstrasse was reached, in 1890 the south cemetery. The line was electrified in 1896.

Until 1856, Thonberg was part of the Electoral Saxon or Royal Saxon District Office in Leipzig . From 1856 the place belonged to the court office Leipzig II and from 1875 to the administrative authority Leipzig . In 1890 Thonberg was incorporated into Leipzig together with seven other communities .

As a district of Leipzig

The Thonberg estate. The last house to be demolished was in 1936

After 1890, the small street houses were increasingly replaced by four-story tenements and further building land was developed around today's Krugstrasse, which extended to the brewery that was built in 1848 in the corner between Riebeckstrasse and Reitzenhainer (Prager) Strasse.

After the incorporation, the Thonberger Flur was used more and more for construction projects that were important beyond Thonberg. In 1892 the forced labor institute at St. Georg was opened by the city of Leipzig , which was named "Städtische Arbeitsanstalt" from 1909 and is now an institution for the disabled.

The Russian Church, 2005

In 1913, a branch of the Johannishospital began its activity right next to it , the building of which has housed the municipal nursing home "Martin Andersen Nexö" since 1951. In October of the same year, the Russian Memorial Church, built to commemorate the more than 20,000 Russians who died in the Battle of Nations , was inaugurated. The memorial park (also Amselpark, today Wilhelm-Külz-Park ) was laid out on the Thonberger site north of the Völkerschlachtdenkmal . The German Library , now a location of the German National Library , was built near the Russian Church .

International Building Exhibition 1913
The German Library, 1921
Bath and restaurant in the amusement park of the 1930 International Fur Exhibition

Also in 1913, the International Building Exhibition took place on the site behind the Thonberger Gut (today the Old Exhibition Center ) , for which numerous exhibition structures were erected. The same area was used a year later by the International Book Trade and Graphics Exhibition (Bugra) . In 1920 the technical fair opened its doors on the site for the first time. In the period that followed, additional exhibition halls were built, to which the Thonberg estate gradually had to give way - the last time the estate's house was demolished in 1936. From 1926 to 1932, Mitteldeutsche Rundfunk AG (MIRAG) used two 105 meter high steel masts on the site as a transmitting antenna. In the summer of 1930, the four-month international fur trade fair took place in five large halls of the technical fair and on a large outdoor area . In connection with this, a dance café and an outdoor pool were built north of the exhibition grounds.

In 1915 the new school building of the deaf and dumb institution opened in the north-western part of Thonberg on Karl-Siegismund-Straße (today the Saxon State School for the Hearing Impaired Leipzig, Support Center Samuel Heinicke ).

Among the residential buildings of this time, in addition to an ensemble opposite the technical fair, the so-called country house settlement on Marienhöhe south of Güntzschen Anstalt is particularly noteworthy. For this area near the Völkerschlachtdenkmal, a resolution was passed not to build multi-storey houses, which greatly enhanced the attractiveness of the area surrounding the Völkerschlachtdenkmal. The University Women's Clinic was built on Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse from 1922 to 1928 and the Orthopedic Clinic from 1928 to 1930, both of which have since moved to Liebigstrasse.

In the Second World War, apart from the Church of the Redeemer, the following were destroyed or damaged: numerous exhibition halls, the institution for the deaf and dumb, the retirement home of the Johannis Abbey, parts of the municipal labor institution and some residential buildings along Reitzenhainer Straße. The site of the technical fair was used again for the first post-war fair in 1946 and was then continuously expanded.

From 1977 to 1982 the German library was expanded to include a 55 meter high magazine tower. At the end of the 1980s, a development plan was drawn up for Leninstrasse as an entrance to the exhibition grounds, which was further developed and implemented after the fall of the Wall . The street was expanded to four lanes, the old residential buildings almost all demolished and replaced on the west side by office buildings, in the southernmost of which the city's technical town hall is now located. At the confluence with Riebeckstrasse, the new Thonberg Clinic was built. The old Thonberg has almost completely lost its residential character.

In 1992 Thonberg and Reudnitz were administratively combined to Reudnitz-Thonberg.

In Reudnitz-Thonberg

The new Church of the Redeemer, 2010
The fourth extension to the Deutsche Bücherei, 2011

The most important turning point for Thonberg after the fall of the Wall in 1996 was the relocation of the trade fairs, which were now held instead of the general sample fair, to the new exhibition grounds in Wiederitzsch . This meant that new uses had to be found for the old site. The new focus areas are science / biotechnology / health, automobile mile, entertainment / sport / culture / gastronomy as well as trade. Both old exhibition halls are used and new buildings are erected.

The Bio City Leipzig has been under construction on the west side of Deutsches Platz opposite the Deutsche Bücherei since 2003 . It brings together biological research institutes and companies active in the field of biotechnology.

In 2006 the parish of Thonberg succeeded in having its own church again. The new Erlöserkirche, now located on Dauthestrasse, is the first new church in Leipzig since 1989. In 2011, the fourth extension of the German Library was completed with the shape of a horizontal book.

Attractions

  • Russian Church
  • German library
  • Napoleon stone
  • Old fairground
  • Wilhelm-Külz-Park / Güntzpark

Personalities

  • Emil Pinkau (1850–1922), lithographer, entrepreneur, founder of Emil Pinkau & Co AG
  • Karl Pinkau (1859–1922), lithographer, photographer and politician
  • Max Güntz (1861–1931), farmer and agricultural historian, son of Theobald Güntz
  • Gerhard Ficker (1865–1934), church historian
  • Fritz Brändel (1869–1930), landscape painter
  • Alfred Franke (1870–1937), geographer, classical philologist and high school teacher

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Thonberg in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
  2. ^ Thonberger tram line in the Leipzig Lexicon
  3. ^ Karlheinz Blaschke , Uwe Ulrich Jäschke : Kursächsischer Ämteratlas. Leipzig 2009, ISBN 978-3-937386-14-0 , pp. 60 f.
  4. The Amtshauptmannschaft Leipzig in the municipal register 1900

literature

  • Thonberg - A historical and urban study . PRO LEIPZIG 2003
  • Thonberg . In: August Schumann : Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony. 11th volume. Schumann, Zwickau 1824, p. 717.

Web links

Commons : Reudnitz-Thonberg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 51 ° 20 '  N , 12 ° 24'  E