Sanatorium dozen

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Seal of the sanatorium dozen

The Dosen sanatorium was a psychiatric clinic in Dosen, Saxony (from 1910 a district of Leipzig ), which was established in 1901. In 1913 it was transferred from municipal to state sponsorship and was then called the State Healing and Nursing Institution Leipzig-Dosen . In the GDR period it was called the District Hospital for Psychiatry Leipzig-Dosen . After 1990 it became the municipal park hospital Leipzig-Dosen , which in addition to psychiatry also included departments for surgery and internal medicine. The clinic merged with the Municipal Clinic for Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Dr. Georg Sacke . Together they were privatized in 1999 and relocated to a new location in the Probstheida district in 2002 , where the Park-Klinikum Leipzig is the successor facility . The former sanatorium in Dosen has been empty since then.

founding

  • The Dosen Sanatorium in 1901

  • Location of the sanatorium (1907)

Between 1899 and 1901 the sanatorium Dösen was built by Otto Wilhelm Scharenberg in the pavilion style in the hallway of the then still independent village of Dösen and opened in 1901. The clinic for the treatment of the mentally ill and handicapped largely took over the psychiatric care of Leipzig . Derived from this, the expression "You are out of dozing?" In the Leipzig colloquial language emerged in the sense of "You are completely crazy".

In the prison grounds (around 1920?)

After the incorporation of Dösen to Leipzig (1910) and the entry into force of the Saxon Insane Care Act, the sanatorium was taken over by the Kingdom of Saxony in January 1913 as the Royal State Healing and Nursing Institution Leipzig-Dosen . Hermann Paul Nitsche headed the clinic between 1918 and 1928 and again from January to April 1940 .

time of the nationalsocialism

In 1933 the children's department was moved to the Chemnitz-Altendorf State Institution . Between 1934 and 1939 583 patients were forcibly sterilized in Dosen .

On January 1, 1940, director Hermann Paul Nitsche von Pirna-Sonnenstein returned to Leipzig-Dosen for four months and took over the official duties there on February 1, 1940. In the run-up to the National Socialist child “euthanasia”, Nitsche, assisted by senior physicians Georg Renno and Herbert Schulze in Dosen, developed and “tested” a luminal poisoning scheme , according to which the children were given slightly overdosed Luminal doses in tablet form or intravenously over several days. In connection with a simultaneous systematic malnutrition, this led to the death of the children from pneumonia in a short time . Nitsche's successor as director was Emil Eichler (1875–1949), who temporarily led the office until his retirement in 1943. Under his leadership, a child psychiatric department was set up in October 1940 on the initiative of the pediatrician Werner Catel (professor of paediatrics at the University Children's Clinic / Municipal Children's Hospital Leipzig). In this " children's department " headed by doctor Arthur Mittag , 551 children and young people were systematically murdered according to Nietsche's "Luminal scheme" between November 1940 and December 7, 1943 (the day the children's department was transferred to the Großschweidnitz state institution near Löbau).

The former Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Brain Research, Berlin-Buch (2010)

The Dosen sanatorium and the “Children's Department” worked closely with the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute (KWI) for Brain Research , Berlin-Buch and the University Children's Clinic in Leipzig from 1940 to 1943 . The connection to the KWI, where the brains of the murdered children of the "children's department" were sent for research purposes, ran through the prosecution of the Dösener institute and its then director Georg Friedrich . In 1936 he took over the prosecution and was also a visiting scientist at the KWI for brain research from 1938 to 1942. When the “children's department” was opened in October 1940, Friedrich took over the pathological examination of the children murdered here and probably also the victims of the “children's department” in the Leipzig University Children's Clinic every fortnight. He worked with Julius Hallervorden at the KWI and Werner Catel. Since mid-1940, Friedrich also examined the brains sent in from the T4 -Anstalt Pirna-Sonnenstein in Dösen .

On December 14, 1939, on the instructions of Gauleiter Martin Mutschmann, the then "Israelitische Krankenhaus" (formerly Eitingon Hospital in Eitingonstr. 12) was evacuated within four hours and moved to house B 5, and a short time later to house D of the Dosen sanatorium emitted. The last chief physician of this hospital, now on the premises of the sanatorium, was the surgeon Otto Michael (1876–1944). Together with Dr. Moses Michel Walltuch was able to tell Dr. Michael continues to care for 21 Jewish patients there under the most difficult of conditions. On June 15, 1943, Dr. Michael and the last two remaining employees in House D were asked to meet on June 16, 1943 at the “collection point” of the 32nd elementary school in Yorckstrasse. With the deportation transport XVI / 2, Dr. Michael and 17 other Leipzig residents were deported to Theresienstadt , where he died of the consequences on June 15, 1944.

In 1941, an isolation ward was set up to take care of 200 forced laborers suffering from typhus . Many Leipzig hospitals were destroyed during the Second World War . The surgical and internal departments of the St. Jacob Hospital, which also fell victim to the war, were relocated to Dosen. In addition, there were parts from various university clinics as part of the so-called Aktion Brandt (from 1943), including parts of the university children's clinic, such as its infection ward and “children's department” under the direction of Catel's former employee Hans-Joachim Hartenstein .

Post-war and GDR times

On July 1, 1946, Dosen received hospital status . In the course of the founding of the district in the GDR, the clinic returned to the ownership of the city of Leipzig in 1952 and from then on was known as the Leipzig-Dosen Hospital . Between 1951 and 1953 Dietfried Müller-Hegemann was its director, who later became director of the Neurological-Psychiatric Clinic at the University of Leipzig.

On July 1, 1958 from the clinic, the district hospital for psychiatry Leipzig-dozing of the district Leipzig . In the GDR, district hospitals were clinics providing specialist care and were mainly located in the 14 district cities.

After reunification

Back of the former management and administration building at Chemnitzer Str. 50 (2017).

After German reunification , the clinic was returned to the city of Leipzig and, from 1992 on, it operated as the Park Hospital Leipzig-Dosen, the municipal hospital for psychiatry, surgery and internal medicine . From 1990 to 1994 the psychiatric clinic was headed by Angelika Strauss (daughter of Georg Merrem ) as chief physician. In 1993 the Municipal Clinic for Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Dr. Georg Sacke and the Park Hospital Leipzig-Dösen to the City Clinic Leipzig-Southeast .

On January 1, 1999, the Park-Krankenhaus Leipzig-Südost was privatized and taken over by Rhön-Klinikum AG . A new building was erected in the Leipzig district of Probstheida and in 2002 the various clinics were brought together on a 104 hectare site next to the Leipzig Heart Center . The clinic buildings in Dosen have been empty since then.

The site was sold to a real estate company from Arnstadt . In May 2015 the company sold the former prison premises to GRK-Holding in Leipzig. The buildings sometimes still serve as a backdrop for film and television recordings, for example in the television film Dresden and in the television series Tierärztin Dr. Mertens , where the former park hospital is the administration building of the zoo. The 65-meter-high water tower, a landmark on the prison grounds, was demolished in 2007 because it was in disrepair.

Known patients

Probably the best-known psychiatric patient was Daniel Paul Schreber , who died in Dosen in 1911; he was the son of the pedagogue and orthopedic surgeon Moritz Schreber , the namesake of the later Schreber and allotment garden movement .

The Saxon dialect poet Lene Voigt was admitted as a patient in 1946. After she was healed, she volunteered to work in the facility until her death in 1962.

Commemoration

Front of the above building (2017).

Since 2013, the permanent multimedia exhibition “Verwahren. Bewahren.” Has been a reminder of the history of the Leipzig-Dosen sanatorium up to 1990, especially the murders of patients there during the Nazi era . Supply. Heal". It can be seen in the foyer of the Clinic for Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy of the Park Clinic Leipzig. The history of the sanatorium from 1901 to 1945 is also thematized in the Saxon Psychiatry Museum.

To commemorate the victims of child “euthanasia” 1940–1943 and other victims of National Socialism in connection with the Dosen sanatorium, Gunter Demnig laid a “ stumbling block ” in May 2016 opposite the former main entrance, Chemnitzer Strasse 50 . The institutional memorial bears the inscription:

"Heil- und Pflegehaus Leipzig-Dosen" (1933-1945) / From 1934 604 people were forcibly sterilized here / 1939-1943 624 children were murdered in the "children's department" / June 1940-Aug. In 1941 860 disabled people were "relocated" / murdered in Pirna-Sonnenstein - "Action T4"

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Former Park Hospital Leipzig-Dosen  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Hospital and Nursing Home Leipzig-Dosen
  2. ↑ a b “Off to doze. The Heilanstalt Leipzig-Dösen 1901–1945. ” On psychiatriemuseum.de
  3. ^ Georg Müller-Heim: Leipzig and the Leipziger. People, things, customs, hints. Teutonia-Verlag, Leipzig 1906, p. 83.
  4. ↑ Volker Klimpel: Doctors Death. Unnatural and violent death in nine chapters and a biographical appendix . Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 2005, ISBN 3-8260-2769-8 ( full text in the Google book search).
  5. ^ City of Leipzig: Euthanasia crime in the time of National Socialism in Leipzig. Information material for teachers and pupils in grades 9 and 10 in secondary schools and high schools in Leipzig, 2007, online (PDF document; 2.4 MB)
  6. ↑ Eene meene muh - and you're out: Child euthanasia in Leipzig: A reminder: Students looking for faded traces. online  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF document; 1 MB)@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.leipzig.de  
  7. ↑ Klaus-Dietmar Henke : "Child Euthanasia" in Saxony. In: Klaus-Dietmar Henke (Hrsg.): Deadly Medicine in National Socialism. From racial hygiene to mass murder . Böhlau, Cologne a. a. 2008, ISBN 978-3-412-23206-1 , pp. 143–148 ( full text in the Google book search - Writings of the Deutsches Hygiene-Museum Dresden 7).
  8. ↑ On the establishment and staff of the "Children's Department" Leipzig-Dosen see: Ulrich Rottleb and Thomas Seyde: Children's Department Leipzig-Dosen - a scientific review , in: Working Group Care in the German Society for Social Psychiatry / Günter Storck and Hilde Schädle-Deininger ( Ed.): 75 Years of the Euthanasia Decree , Cologne 2015, pp. 27–41; Online (PDF) .
  9. ↑ Götz Aly : The clean and the dirty progress , in: Contributions to the National Socialist health and social policy , Volume 2, Reform and Conscience. “Euthanasia” in the service of progress , Berlin, Rotbuch Verlag 1985, pp. 9–78; on Georg Friedrich here p. 65 f.
  10. ↑ Hans-Walter Schmuhl : Brain research and the murder of the sick. The Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Brain Research 1937–1945 , in: Results . Preprints from the research program “History of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society in National Socialism”, ed. by Carola Sachse on behalf of the Presidential Commission of the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science e. V, Berlin 2000, p. 47 f .; Online (PDF) .
  11. ↑ Andrea Lorz: On the credo and life's work of Dr. med. Otto Michael 1876–1944 , in: Ärzteblatt Sachsen 11/2013, pp. 477–479; Online (PDF) .
  12. ↑ Thomas Fickenwirth, Birgit Horn, Christian Kurzweg: Foreign and forced labor in the Leipzig area 1939–1945. Archival special inventory. Published by the City of Leipzig, The Lord Mayor, City Archives . Leipziger Universitäts-Verlag, Leipzig 2004, ISBN 3-937209-92-1 ( full text in the Google book search).
  13. ^ Dietfried Müller-Hegemann in the professorial catalog of the University of Leipzig
  14. ↑ C. Hirsch: The psychiatric care in Leipzig. In: G. Ulmar: Psychiatric care perspectives . Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg 1995, pp. 45-52, here p. 45.
  15. ↑ 60 years of neurosurgery in Leipzig. In: Liebigstraße aktuell - Health magazine of the Leipzig University Hospital , issue 10/2014. Online at www.kopfzentrum-gruppe.de, accessed on October 18, 2018.
  16. ↑ Leipziger Volkszeitung from September 15, 2011
  17. ^ Jens Rübner: Film City Leipzig. Engelsdorfer Verlag, Leipzig 2013. Section Dresden, 2005 .
  18. ↑ Thorsten Wolf meets his fat TV buddy. In: Leipziger Volkszeitung , March 15, 2010.
  19. ↑ Dozing. In: Vera Denzer, Andreas Dix, Haik Thomas Porada (eds.): Leipzig. A regional study in the Leipzig area. Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 2015, p. 342.
  20. ↑ Thomas R. Müller: On the 100th anniversary of Daniel Paul Schreber's death (PDF; 137 kB). In Ärzteblatt Sachsen 8, 2011, pp. 457–459
  21. ↑ 100 years of psychiatry - multimedia exhibition in the Park Hospital Leipzig. In: Leipziger Volkszeitung , November 4, 2013.
  22. ↑ Stolpersteine ​​Leipzig , accessed on July 30, 2020.