Harburg (Eichsfeld)

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Harburg
Harburg - Wall Remains.jpg
Alternative name (s): Horeburg
Creation time : around 1073
Castle type : Hilltop castle
Conservation status: small remains of the wall
Standing position : Nobles, counts, clericals
Place: Haynrode
Geographical location 51 ° 26 '13 "  N , 10 ° 27' 31"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 26 '13 "  N , 10 ° 27' 31"  E
Height: 453  m above sea level NHN
Harburg (Thuringia)
Harburg

The Harburg , also called Horeburg , is a castle rest in the area of ​​the village of Haynrode in the Eichsfeld district in Thuringia .

location

The mountain couple Haarburg (left) and Hubenberg (right) seen from the direction of Breitenworbis

The ruins of the Höhenburg are located on the mountain of the same name Harburg (or Haarburg) at an altitude of 453  m above sea level. NHN about 1.2 km (as the crow flies) southeast of Haynrode . Other places at the foot of the mountain are Buhla in the east, Ascherode in the southeast and Breitenworbis in the southwest. The forested conical inliers and outliers belongs to the immediately adjacent Huben Berg ( 453  m above sea level.  NHN ) to the bleach Röder Bergen , the west is to Ohmgebirge belonging Himberg ( 463  m above sea level.  NHN ). The state road L 1014 leads past the west from Breitenworbis to Haynrode to the forester's house Hahn, from where you can reach the mountain top via a hiking trail. The mountain cone made of shell limestone sits on the surrounding red sandstone landscape as a witness mountain, which is characterized by karst phenomena and sinkholes .

The mountain range from the Hubenberg to the Ohmgebirge formed the historical border between the Eichsfeld and the neighboring territories.

history

Probably only built in 1073/74 as a fortified counterpart to the neighboring Hasenburg , the Harburg was called "Horeburg" around 1120 without any indication of the owner. It seems to have belonged to the Margrave of Stade , because among the properties that the Archbishop of Mainz Adalbert I (1111–1137) received from Richardis von Stade , in addition to the Gerode monastery , the Harburg were also mentioned. The small fortress remained a ministerial castle, to which initially no large administrative area belonged, although between 1133 and 1148 some Burgraves of Harburg appear, who, however, belonged to the high nobility, only bore the title and acted as archbishop officials. In 1139 it also passed to the Counts of Gleichen as a fief . As early as 1165, the Harburg with the Rusteberg castle ruins was destroyed in a feud between Archbishop Konrad von Mainz and Emperor Barbarossa and soon afterwards was given to the Landgrave of Thuringia as co-owner. After the death of Archbishop Johann von Luxemburg-Ligny in 1373, part of the Mainz cathedral chapter elected the 20-year-old Bishop of Speyer, Adolf von Nassau , to be the administrator of the archbishopric. Pope Gregory XI. however, at the request of Emperor Karl IV , appointed Ludwig von Meißen instead as archbishop. There were armed conflicts that lasted for years and were particularly fought in Thuringia and Eichsfeld . Citizens of Duderstadt and Heiligenstadt as well as Mainz feudal people took over the Landgrave Thuringian castles Worbis and Harburg, of which Landgrave Balthasar von Thuringia , a cousin of Ludwig, had completely seized, and handed over to Adolf von Nassau . From that time on, Mainz maintained these possessions, but pledged them to Siegfried von Bültzingslöwen in 1381 as the Harburg office with the neighboring Worbis office for 200 years .

During the Peasants' War , Harburg was captured around May 5 to 8, 1525 by rebellious peasants from Thomas Müntzer's and Johannes Pfeiffer's and most of it was destroyed. However, it is reported by Vogt Christoph Buchart zu Harburg in 1622 . The castle complex then fell into disrepair. The Bültzingslöwener built their mansions and the church in Haynrode as well as the office building in Worbis from their stones , because since 1350 Harburg and Worbis formed an administrative community. In the course of the Counter Reformation in 1574, the Elector of Mainz and Archbishop Daniel Brendel von Homburg dissolved the pledge with the lords of Bültzingslöwen and appointed civil officials as officials.

Burgraves

Little Harburg was not a castle of a local nobleman, but a ministerial castle, in which the owners of the castle and the office appointed lords and ministers , including counts. Some of these lords of the castle named themselves after this castle at times. After Kurmainz came into full possession of Harburg from 1373, it pledged it to the Lords of Bültzingslöwen as the Harburg-Worbis office for 200 years . Below are some of the lords and ministers of the castle:

  • 1111-1139? Alberich (with sons) von Wegewardesburg and a Count of Weimar
  • 1133 Friderich de Horeburg, as Ministerialer of the Counts of Beichlingen
  • 1139-1148 / 51 Count Ernst I of Gleichen (Ernestus de Horeburg)
  • 1151-1154? Wigger of Wartberg (Wartburg)
  • 1155 Rudeger, Friedrich, Bruno, ministerials from Horeburg
  • (1154-) 1170 Count Erwin II. Von Gleichen as heir of his father Ernst I (Comes Ernest de Horeburch)
  • 1189 Hugo de Horeburg as ministerial
  • 1296 Friedrich von Rosdorf and Dietrich von Hardenberg
The Harburg-Worbis office in the 18th century
  • 1303 Wetzel (Wezzelo) by Rengelrode and Friedrich von Worbis
  • 1312 Siegfried (IV.) Von Bültzingslöwen
  • 1315 Wetzel von Rengelrode and Hermann called Rieme officials at Horburg
  • 1334 Johann von Wintzingerode
  • 1381-1574 gentlemen Bültzing lions

Harburg Office

Presumably the region of the later office of Harburg belonged to the Wippergau in the early Middle Ages . The original castle district only included the castle itself and no other possessions or places. 1538 was a Heise Karl judge of those von Bültzingslöwen and the court of Harburg, due to the destruction of the castle the court was probably held in Worbis. After Kurmainz came into full possession of Harburg, it became the seat of the Harburg office from 1341 to 1574. Elector Adolf von Nassau pledged the office to the von Bültzingslöwen for almost 200 years in 1381. In 1574 the office of Harburg and the court of Worbis were combined and the official seat was moved to Worbis. The following villages belonged to the district of Harburg: Bernterode, Breitenworbis, Kirchworbis, Gernrode, Neustadt and the now desolate places Heppenrode, Hugenworbis , Neiderode, Nottenrode, Wendelrode, Hüchelheim and Herdigerode.

Structural matters

The castle complex has an oval base area with an area of ​​about 27 × 20 m and was protected from the plateau to the east by two ramparts with trenches in front. There is also a 15 × 12 m outer bailey here . On the north side, a slightly lower terrace, which is also enclosed by a protective wall, refers to other buildings. Only the partially demolished ruins of an 8 × 17 m stone building in the main castle remained in considerable remnants as it rose. A deepening of the terrain that was still recognizable in the 1960s was interpreted as a cistern . Renovation work has been carried out since 2013 to secure the remains of the wall. In the process, some remains of the wall belonging to the palace were uncovered on the main castle. Furthermore, the floor plans of the keep, a second tower and a bulwark are now visible.

Todays use

The castle site is a protected ground monument . The area in question is used for forestry and is freely accessible to visitors.

literature

  • Paul Grimm, Wolfgang Timpel: "Harburg Ruin" - The prehistoric and early historical fortifications of the Worbis district . In: Eichsfelder Heimathefte . Special edition (1966). Heiligenstadt 1966.
  • Thomas Bienert: "Harburg Ruin" - Medieval castles in Thuringia . Wartberg Verlag, Gudensberg-Gleichen 2000, ISBN 3-86134-631-1 , p. 28 .
  • Michael Köhler: "Harburg" - Thuringian castles and fortified prehistoric and early historical living spaces . Jenzig-Verlag, Jena 2001, ISBN 3-910141-43-9 , p. 126-127 .
  • Carola von Ehrenkrook: family table of the lords of Bültzingslöwen . Commissioned by General Consultant Curt von Bültzingslöwen, Publishing House for Family Research and Heraldry, CA Starke, Görlitz.
  • Wolfgang Trappe: The Bültzingslöwen to Harburg and Haynrode . ed. from the Association for Eichsfeldische Heimatkunde, 1993, 3, pp. 26–36.
  • Müller, J .: The administration of justice in the Electoral Mainz office of Harburg-Worbis. in: Unser Eichsfeld 8 (1913), pp. 65–83, 144–157.
  • Müller, J .: The Jurisdictional Book of the Electoral Mainz Office of Harburg-Worbis. Worbis 1914.
  • Wolfgang Timpel, Adolf Reichle: Medieval metal finds in the run-up to the Harburg near Haynrode, Worbis district. In: excavations and finds. News bulletin of the state archeology. 31 (1986), No. 5, pp. 234-237

Web links

Commons : Harburg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Martin Schemm : The secret of the golden hoop. A historically fantastic novel. Ellert & Richter Verlag, Hamburg 2013, ISBN 978-3-8319-0527-0 (illustration of the role of Harburg in King Heinrich IV's Saxon War ).
  2. ^ Ortschronik Haynrode
  3. ↑ Ph. Knieb: History of the Reformation and Counter-Reformation on the Eichsfelde , Heiligenstadt 1900, pp. 287 and 289
  4. Jump up ↑ Publishers and Gruber: General Encyclopedia of Sciences and Arts. First section, page 28, Leipzig 1839
  5. ↑ Levin von Wintzingeroda-Knorr : Die Wüstungen des Eichsfeldes: Directory of the desert areas, prehistoric ramparts, mines, courts of law and waiting areas within the districts of Duderstadt, Heiligenstadt, Mühlhausen and Worbis. Göttingen (O. Hendel) 1903, page 555
  6. ^ Helga Wittmann: In the shadow of the landgraves. Small series Volume 17, Böhlau 2008
  7. ↑ RIplus Regg. EB Mainz 1 [after 1950], in: Regesta Imperii Online, URI: [1] (Accessed August 22, 2017)
  8. ↑ Bernhard Sacrifice man : shaping the calibration field. St. Benno-Verlag Leipzig and Verlag FW Cordier Heiligenstadt 1968
  9. ↑ RIplus Regg. EB Mainz 1,1 n. 439, in: Regesta Imperii Online, URI: [2] (accessed on August 22, 2017)
  10. ↑ RIplus Regg. EB Mainz 1,1 n. 800, in: Regesta Imperii Online, URI: [3] (accessed on August 22, 2017)
  11. ^ Johann Wolf: Eichsfeldisches Urkundenbuch together with the treatise of the Eichsfeldischen nobility. Göttingen 1819 ( Treatise on the Eichsfeld nobility, as a contribution to its history. Pages 37-45)
  12. ↑ in: The Regest of the Archbishops of Mainz
  13. ↑ RIplus Regg. EB Mainz 1,2 n. 3391, in: Regesta Imperii Online, [4] (accessed on September 4, 2017)
  14. ↑ Johann Wolf: Political history of the Eichsfeld with documents explained. Volume 1, Johann Georg Rosenbusch Göttingen 1792, page 26
  15. ↑ Levin von Wintzingeroda-Knorr : Die Wüstungen des Eichsfeldes: Directory of the desert areas, prehistoric ramparts, mines, courts of law and waiting areas within the districts of Duderstadt, Heiligenstadt, Mühlhausen and Worbis. O. Hendel, Göttingen 1903, p. 472
  16. ↑ Andreas Henschel: Haynröder Heimatverein saved the remains of the Harburg. in Thuringian General of April 20, 2014
  17. ↑ Johann Wolf: Political history of the Eichsfeld with documents explained. Volume 1, Johann Georg Rosenbusch Göttingen 1792, page 121
  18. ^ Andreas Henschel: Harburg ruins near Haynrode are being renovated: parts of the wall can already be viewed. in Thuringian General of April 26, 2014