Worbis

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Worbis
Worbis coat of arms
Coordinates: 51 ° 25 ′ 16 ″  N , 10 ° 21 ′ 49 ″  E
Height : 330  (310-360)  m above sea level NHN
Residents : 4885  (Feb. 29, 2016)
Incorporation : March 16, 2004
Postal code : 37339
Area code : 036074
map
Location of Worbis in Leinefelde-Worbis
View from Klien over Worbis into the Ohm Mountains
View from Klien over Worbis into the Ohm Mountains

Worbis is the northern capital of Leinefelde-Worbis in the Eichsfeld district in Thuringia .

The seesaws at the lower gate

geography

Worbis is located about four kilometers northeast of Leinefelde and 15 kilometers east of Heilbad Heiligenstadt in Eichsfeld. The district is located on the southern edge of the Ohm Mountains directly on the Elbe-Weser watershed , where Wipper and Hahle arise.

Direct neighbors are Kirchworbis in the east, Breitenbach in the southwest, Wintzingerode in the northwest and Kirchohmfeld in the north.

Some of the most important mountains in the district are the Oberberg (496.5 m), the Langenberg (462.6 m), the Kanstein (435.5 m), the Klien (408.9 m) and Die Hardt (400.9 m) m).

Dialect border

Worbis is located immediately south of the Benrath line and thus at the transition from the High German - more precisely: the East Central German dialects to the Low German language .

history

Middle Ages and Modern Times

The first documentary mention took place in 1162 as Wurbeke . The area around Worbis was in Ohmfeldgau under the rule of the Counts of Lare (Lohra) . After their extinction, the lords of Beichlingen became owners of Worbis. The place was elevated to a town in 1255 and was the center of the Worbis office of the same name in the High and Late Middle Ages . In 1289, Landgrave Albrecht of Thuringia bought Worbis Castle and half of the town from Günther and Heinrich von Beichlingen, the sons of Friedrich V. Friedrich IV's great-grandchildren sold the other half of Worbis to Landgrave Friedrich von Thuringia in 1336. In 1348 Worbis came under the common rule of the Landgraves of Thuringia and the Mainz electors, until the Mainz elector Adolf von Nassau acquired the remaining share of Worbis in 1373. Presumably there was a castle in Worbis, where the lords of Worbis were Burgmannen and Vögte. In the following 14th century the development of Worbis progressed, which was favored by its location among other things. The place was located on an old north-south connection of a pilgrimage route that started from Lübeck , via Duderstadt - Mühlhausen - Eisenach and Nuremberg to Rome . In 1381, Elector Adolf von Mainz pledged the Worbis office together with the Harburg office , which included the villages of Bernterode , Breitenworbis , Gernrode , Kirchworbis and Neustadt , for 1662 silver marks to Siegfried von Bültzingsleben , whose family continued into the 16th century. Exercised sovereignty over Worbis into the 19th century. In the Peasants' War in 1525, the castle and the Worbis monastery were destroyed by rebel farmers.

From 1816 to 1994 Worbis was the district town of the district or district of the same name .

In the years of the division of Germany , Worbis was known nationwide as the eponymous location of the Duderstadt-Worbis border crossing point near Teistungen on the F 247 and B 247 . On November 10, 1989, at 12:35 a.m., the barrier at the border crossing to the west was opened.

Since March 16, 2004, Worbis has belonged to the new town of Leinefelde-Worbis.

On December 4, 2006, Worbis received permanent recognition as a “state-approved resort”.

Worbis moated castle

The castle Worbis was probably built in the 12th century by the Lords of Worbis. In 1209, Giselher von Worbis, a nobleman, was mentioned as a witness of a pledge to the Reifenstein monastery. Members of the noble family von Worbis were the first known lords of the castle to name themselves after the place. Lieutenants were the Counts of Lohra, the Counts of Beichlingen and then the Thuringian Landgraves. The castle is mentioned in writing in 1289 in connection with the sale to the Landgraves of Thuringia. The castle was a moated castle that was directly adjacent to the city. The flood ditch or Ritterbach is located just north of the castle grounds, from which sufficient water was available for a castle moat. It is not known to what extent the castle complex was connected to the city wall built in the 13th century.

After the city and the castle came into the possession of the Mainz electors, the castle district became the seat of the Kurmainzer court or Worbis office . In addition to Worbis and the neighboring Breitenbach , the deserts of Ritterbach and Sifferterode also belonged to the district . Elector Adolf von Nassau pledged the office to the von Bültzingslöwen in 1381; only after almost two centuries was this pledge redeemed in 1575 by the Mainz electors. The castle was destroyed in the Peasants' War and finally demolished in 1575. Then today's office building was built on the foundations of the castle.

Kurmainzer Amt Harburg-Worbis

The former office and rent office was built on the remains of the Worbis moated castle

At the time of the Counts of Beichlingen, the judicial district included not only the city, but presumably the area east to Lohra Castle . With the change of ownership in the 13th / 14th In the 19th century, the judicial district was severely limited. For Office Worbis included only the neighboring Breitenbach and the deserted villages Ritterbach and Sifferterode. In 1574 the neighboring office of Harburg and the office of Worbis were combined to form the office of Harburg-Worbis and the seat of the office for the joint office was moved to Worbis. The authority consisted mainly of the following people: the magistrate, the magistrate, the actuary, the clerk and the official officer. To the southeast of Worbis there is still the Galgenberg, probably the place of execution of the district. The following bailiffs are proven:

For the city of Worbis itself, an electoral official or mayor was appointed who, in addition to the city council, represented the interests of the Mainz electors with the mayor. Until 1864 the town hall was located on the market square next to the town church; after it burned down, it was moved to the former office building. Below are some mayors:

  • 1628 Adam Strauss
  • 1655 Joh. Heidfeld
  • 1682 Joh. Hugold Burchard
  • 1755 Josef Anton Wagner

Origin of name

Worbis stands for land by the water or damp area. Another interpretation comes from the Low German -beke for "Bach", in connection with winden it means something like winding brook .

Incorporations

The former municipality of Kirchohmfeld was incorporated on June 30, 1994.

politics

District Council

The local council consists of five councils from the CDU , three from the ÖDP and one each from the Free Voting Community , the Left and the SPD . The local mayor also belongs to the committee ( municipal elections in Thuringia 2014 ).

District Mayor

Thomas Rehbein (CDU) is the mayor of the district of Worbis.

Town twinning

The city of Worbis maintains city partnerships with:

Culture and sights

Krengeljäger festival on Pentecost

The Krengeljägerbrunnen, behind it the city church of St. Nicholas
Interior view of the Antoniuskirche

The Krengeljägerfest, which is celebrated annually at Whitsun, is now a Worbis tradition and is reminiscent of an urban tradition (theft of pretzels / baked goods by high-spirited schoolboys). In the meantime this strange incident from the everyday life of the old Worbis has been honored with a fountain.

The Worbiser Wipperfest

The second important festival in Worbis is the Wipperfest. It takes place in September. The Wipper is still a modest trickle in Worbis . Therefore, the test of courage - balancing on a rope or a narrow board over the seesaws - is required. The amusement especially attracts the city's youth.

Churches

Antonius Church

The baroque Antonius Church , consecrated in 1678, was built on the initiative of the Franciscan Order in Worbis to serve as a monastery church for the newly created convent. It is located on Klosterstrasse , on consecrated ground , because the medieval Cistercian nuns - Worbis Monastery - stood on the same building site . The Italian master builder Antonio Petrini played a decisive role in the construction of the monastery and is considered a forerunner of the famous baroque master builder Balthasar Neumann . The monastery existed until 1824, when it was secularized . The church was handed over to the Catholic parish of Worbis.

St. Nicholas

The catholic town church St. Nikolaus in the center of Worbis.

St. Peter and Paul

The Protestant Church of St. Peter and Paul on Rossmarkt in Worbis.

St. Rochus plague chapel

St. Rochus Chapel Worbis (in the back light)

The patronage of St. Roch is an indication of the origin and use of this building at the time of the last great plague wave in the 17th century. From the city chronicle of Johann Vinzenz Wolf the number of 465 deaths is known, which this epidemic claimed from the citizens of Worbis in the years 1682-1683. Religious motives and the firm belief in the effect of vows led to the construction of the St. Rochus Chapel, which was always intended to remind posterity of this time of horror and need.

The building is located on Duderstädter Straße . The relatively small, one-story building is made of quarry stone masonry. The delicate roof turret probably contains a death bell as a final greeting for the deceased . Above the portal of the chapel there is a sandstone plaque in the middle, it serves as a memento mori and is clearly embedded in the masonry. This shows a skull, bones and above the sign of the cross as a symbol of hope and redemption. On both sides the visitor will find further inscriptions on the occasion of the building.

Hardt Chapel

The first wooden Hardt chapel was built around 1680. In 1749 the now dilapidated chapel was rebuilt in stone. The chapel is made of limestone, a hall building with a three-sided choir that has been preserved to this day. The corner blocks of the building in particular are carefully carved. The baroque forms are visible in the design of the windows, especially in the window opening above the door. Like the vault of the monastery church, the interior of the chapel is also covered with a tufa-lime vault; the choir niches are each spanned by a stitch cap. The rest of the chapel room has two cross vaults, the ribs of which are plastered and the keystones are decorated with rosettes.

Rent office / town hall

The town hall in Worbis, with the registry office

One of the oldest preserved buildings in the city of Worbis is the Rentamt or Kurmainzer Amtshaus. The oldest components of the rent office probably come from the time of the moated castle, which stood in this place in the Middle Ages. A destruction of the moated castle during the Peasants' War in 1525 seems likely. Partly reusing medieval walls, the north-west wing was built in 1608. On February 15, 1655, Worbis was the victim of a flood disaster that caused great damage to the city. The construction work on the rent office soon followed is attested by a cuboid on the western corner. In 1818 the transept on the roof of the office building was dismantled and the remaining gable roof was converted into a half-hip roof at both ends. In 1845 there were five prison cells on the ground floor, the prison guard's apartment, a vaulted box office, archives and administrative rooms for the Prussian registry. Only minor modifications followed in the 20th century. The vaulted cellar was expanded into an air raid shelter after 1933. From 2000, the renovation and renovation for the city administration began. Since 2004 the Rentamt has been used as the town hall again.

Gold cross / local history museum

Town hall building complex, access Kirchstraße 19. The building known as the half-timbered house Gülden Kreuz has served as the town museum since 1960. The original conception saw the house as a special museum for the Eichsfeld textile production - a main line of business of the Eichsfeld population since the 18th century. As a city and regional museum, the museum has now consolidated its relationship to Worbis history. A collection of butterflies by the Worbis entomologist Lampert Rummel is remarkable .

Bear park

On the north-western outskirts (Duderstädter Straße 36a) is the site of the Worbis zoo, which was operated from 1959 to 1995 . On the initiative of the Bärenhilfswerk e. V. , the area was redesigned to a spacious open-air area and is now used as an alternative bear park in Worbis for brown bears, which mostly come from circus or cage husbandry. The association gained recognition for this extraordinary project - and in 2006 received the Hessian animal welfare award.

Bear mile

The Bear Mile is an initiative of the City of Leinefelde-Worbis, the Alternative Bear Park Worbis and the Advertising Association Worbis eV The Bear Mile is approx. 2300 m long. In the information pavilion in the city center you can find out more about the bear mile and the bear park.

Büschlebsmühle

The Büschlebsmühle is a mill property designated as a technical monument , to which the water supply running as an aqueduct in the city area belongs. The mill, which is important for the town's history, was built at the instigation of a Worbis councilor and was put into operation as required for the production of gunpowder - powder mill , as a grinding mill, sawmill or oil mill. For this purpose, the mill had three overshot mill wheels. The mill, which is still owned by the Büschlebs and is now in the fifth generation of millers, has been carefully restored and is now used to generate electricity (via a generator) and occasionally as a display system.

Solf's Mill

The mill was initially operated as a hammer mill. The path leading past owes its name to its first function - "Schlaggasse". In 1818 the mill was named "kochische Oelmühle". Its owner, Senator Koch, was not only the operator, but also a successful oil trader. In 1887 Josef Solf finally bought the property. After his death in 1929 the mill went into the possession of Josef Solf jun. over. Since none of the sons wanted to learn the miller's trade, the family business was given up. On behalf of LPG, the mill continued to operate as a grist and wage mill until 1987. After 2000 the mill building was demolished.

Marienschule

In March 1907 the approval for the establishment of a "toddler school and a household and handicraft school for poor Catholic girls of no longer school age" was granted. In April 1908 the expansion of the Marienschule began to create a "care home for the elderly". In 1930 the top floor of the main house was built.

Infrastructure

hospital

traffic

Worbis can be reached by public transport via the B 247 (section Duderstadt - Leinefelde ) and the L 3080 (the former B 80 ; section Heilbad Heiligenstadt - Nordhausen ). Immediately to the south is the Leinefelde-Worbis junction of the federal motorway 38 (section Halle (Saale) - Göttingen ). Worbis had a station on the Leinefelde – Wulften railway line , which was closed on June 9, 2001 and dismantled in spring 2005.

hospital

The St. Elisabeth Hospital in Worbis with internal medicine is part of the Eichsfeld Clinic, which operates several clinics in Heiligenstadt and a surgery in Reifenstein .

Personalities

  • Johan Brambach (* in Worbis; † September 4, 1616 in Lübeck ), council secretary, council syndic and canon in Lübeck
  • Heinrich Joseph Watteroth (born November 17, 1756 in Worbis, † August 13, 1819 in Vienna ), political writer
  • Wilhelm Hartmann (born October 3, 1816 in Worbis, † August 30, 1889 in Groß-Lichterfelde near Berlin), lawyer and judge
  • Bernard Quaritch (born April 23, 1819 in Worbis, † December 17, 1899 in Hampstead ), English bookseller and collector of German descent
  • Carl Haber (born January 8, 1833 in Worbis, † May 17, 1914 in Bonn ), mining and steel works director in Ramsbeck
  • Adalbert Zuckschwerdt (born January 1, 1874, † July 1, 1945 in Garmisch-Partenkirchen ), naval officer of the Reich and Kriegsmarine, most recently rear admiral, commander of the naval defense of Languedoc / southern France in World War II
  • Barbara Saß-Viehweger (born August 4, 1943 in Worbis), notary, lawyer and politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU)
  • Gerhard Rupprath (born April 4, 1945 in Worbis), pediatrician and has an adjunct professorship at the Georg-August University in Göttingen
  • Stefan Wachtel (born July 30, 1960 in Worbis), freelance trainer for appearances by executives and book author

literature

  • Johann Vinzenz Wolf : Memories of the city of Worbis and its surroundings . Beyersche Universitätsdruckerei, Göttingen 1818, p. 190 . With 40 documents as digital copies on Google Books
  • Philipp Knieb: Eichsfeld parish chronicles - Niederorschel, Worbis . Ed .: Maik Pinkert. Eichsfeld-Verlag, Heiligenstadt 2004, ISBN 3-935782-06-3 .
  • Levin Freiherr von Wintzingeroda-Knorr: The desert areas of the Eichsfeld. List of desolations, prehistoric ramparts, mines, courts of justice and waiting areas within the districts of Duderstadt (province of Hanover), Heiligenstadt, Mühlhausen (state and city) and Worbis (province of Saxony) . Ed .: Historical Commission for the Province of Saxony and the Duchy of Anhalt. Halle / Saale 1903, p. 1081 .
  • Carl Duval : Worbis . In: The Eichsfeld . (Reprint). Harro von Hirschheydt Verlag, Hannover-Dören 1979, ISBN 3-7777-0002-9 , p. 174-209 .
  • Hans Patze , Peter Aufgebauer (Ed.): Handbook of the historical sites of Germany . Volume 9: Thuringia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 313). 2nd, improved and supplemented edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 1989, ISBN 3-520-31302-2 , pp. 493-494.
  • Walter Rassow: Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Worbis district . Cordier, Heiligenstadt 1994, ISBN 3-929413-15-9 .
  • J. Müller: The administration of justice in the Electoral Mainz office of Harburg-Worbis. In: Our Eichsfeld. 8, 1913, pp. 65-83, 144-157.
  • J. Müller: The Jurisdictional book of the Electoral Mainz office of Harburg-Worbis. Worbis 1914.
  • Werner Fischer: The residents of the Electoral Mainz office of Harburg-Worbis mentioned in the tax and draft lists of the 16th century. In: EJb. 7, 1999, pp. 247-282.
  • Konrad Hellwig: The St. Rochus Chapel and the plague in Worbis. Thürich, Theo: Te Deum laudamus. Edited by the Worbis History Association. Heiligenstadt 2003, ISBN 3-929413-76-0 .
  • Ulrich Hussong: Seal and coat of arms of the city of Worbis. In: Thomas T. Müller (Ed.): Wurbeke - Worweze - Stadtworbis. Contributions to the history of the city of Worbis. Duderstadt 2005, pp. 47–58.
  • Thomas T. Müller (ed. And author): Wurbeke - Worweze - Stadtworbis. Contributions to the history of the city of Worbis. Mecke Duderstadt 2005, pp. 298-302.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Wolfgang Trappe: House & Museum. Gülden Creutz Worbis. Ed. Stadt Worbis, Verlag mecke Duderstadt 1992, p. 13.
  2. City history. Leinefelde-Worbis, accessed on April 27, 2017 .
  3. ^ Johann Wolf: Memories of the city of Worbis and its surroundings, Göttingen 1818.
  4. ^ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 2004
  5. Entry on Worbis in the private database "Alle Burgen". Retrieved April 27, 2017.
  6. according to the information board at the Worbis rent office
  7. Levin von Wintzingeroda-Knorr : Die Wüstungen des Eichsfeldes: Directory of the desert areas, prehistoric ramparts, mines, courts of law and waiting areas within the districts of Duderstadt, Heiligenstadt, Mühlhausen and Worbis. O. Hendel, Göttingen 1903, p. 468ff.
  8. Bernhard Sacrifice man : shaping the calibration field. St. Benno-Verlag, Leipzig and Verlag FW Cordier, Heiligenstadt 1968.
  9. ^ Johann Wolf: Eichsfeldisches Urkundenbuch together with the treatise of the Eichsfeldischen nobility. Goettingen 1819.
  10. Wolfgang Trappe: The house to the Gülden Creutz. In: House & Museum Gülden Creutz Worbis. Published by Stadt Worbis, Verlag Mecke Duderstadt 1992, page 8
  11. ^ Johann Wolf: Memories of the city of Worbis and its surroundings. Goettingen 1818.
  12. MDR Thuringia name research: Interview with J. Udolph
  13. ^ Thuringian State Office for Statistics
  14. Wolfgang Landgrebe: "Worbis" . In: Freizeitführer Thuringia . tape 1 : Central and North region . Wartberg Verlag, Gudensberg-Gleichen 1999, ISBN 3-86134-550-1 , p. 177, 179 .
  15. ibid
  16. Wolfram Kaiser: Medicine on the Eichsfeld . In: Kulturbund Worbis (Hrsg.): Eichsfelder Heimathefte . Heiligenstadt 1985, p. 96 .
  17. Thomas T. Müller (Ed.): Wurbeke, Worweze, Stadtworbis: Contributions to the history of the city of Worbis . Mecke Druck, Duderstadt 2005, ISBN 3-936617-31-7 , p. 250 .
  18. Thomas T. Müller (Ed.): Wurbeke, Worweze, Stadtworbis: Contributions to the history of the city of Worbis . Mecke Druck, Duderstadt 2005, ISBN 3-936617-31-7 , p. 289-302 .
  19. ^ "Worbis" . In: Sparkassen-Kulturstiftung Hessen-Thüringen (Hrsg.): Museums in Thuringia . Frankfurt / Erfurt 1995, p. 218 .
  20. so far already over 40,000 square meters
  21. ^ "Worbis" . In: Sparkassen-Kulturstiftung Hessen-Thüringen (Hrsg.): Cultural discoveries. Eichsfeld district, Kyffhäuserkreis, Nordhausen district, Unstrut-Hainich district . tape 1 : Thuringia . Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-7954-2249-3 , pp. 234-237 .
  22. Alternative Bear Park Worbis, City of Leinefelde-Worbis, Advertising Association Worbis eV (Ed.): Fleyer Bear Mile Worbis .
  23. Volker Große, Klaus Herzberg: Wilbich, "Griesmühle" . In: Maik Pinkert (Ed.): Mühlen im Obereichsfeld. A compendium . Eichsfeld-Verlag, Heiligenstadt 2008, ISBN 978-3-935782-13-5 , p. 372-373 .
  24. Thomas T. Müller (Ed.): Wurbeke, Worweze, Stadtworbis: Contributions to the history of the city of Worbis . Mecke Druck, Duderstadt 2005, ISBN 3-936617-31-7 , p. 339-340 .
  25. ^ Karl Theodor von Inama-SterneggWatteroth, Heinrich Josef . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 41, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1896, p. 254 f.

Web links

Commons : Worbis  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Worbis  - travel guide