Zella Monastery

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Zella Monastery (around 1840)

Klosterzella (also Monastery Peace Spring ) is a former Benedictine - Abbey between Lengenfeld unterm Stein and Struth in the church today Rodeberg in southern Eichsfeld . An evangelical retirement and nursing home has been operated there since 1948. The pilgrimage site of Annaberg, 500 meters to the north and used by the Catholic population until the middle of the 19th century, also belonged to the monastery property .

history

Zella Monastery, exterior view
Zella Monastery, Romanesque monastery church of St. Nicholas
Zella Monastery, transition to the Kückenhaus
Monastery Zella, gatehouse and administration, on the right the monastery tavern
Zella Monastery, restored warehouse - today apartments suitable for the elderly - and the so-called Kückenhaus with pilgrims' hostel

founding

The founding date of the monastery founded by the order of the Benedictines on the southern edge of the Eichsfeld is unknown. It is assumed that it was founded around 1100 as a double monastery (men and women). All documents and documents of the monastery were destroyed in 1649 by the fire of the Zellschen Freihof in Mühlhausen . Some of the nuns fled there with the monastery treasures and the archives during the Thirty Years' War . The oldest documents from 1215 only mention a women's monastery. The monastery owned numerous estates and donations between the towns of Treffurt in the south, Mühlhausen in the east and Dingelstädt in the north. For example, knight Heinrich von Treffurt sold his village Strut , an imperial estate , on September 15, 1273 , to the Benedictine monastery of Zella for 24 silver marks.

Looting and destruction in 1525

The places Struth and Effelder belonged directly to the monastery. In the spring of 1525 the serf peasants of the monastery used the confusion and weakness to settle old accounts with the monastery . On April 26, 1525, the monastery was stormed and valuables and supplies were stolen. Days or weeks after the defeat in the Battle of Frankenhausen , the monastery was attacked again. The rebels started fires in the building complex, making the monastery uninhabitable. Later, in protracted lawsuits against the residents of the monastery villages and the imperial city of Mühlhausen, compensation was sought, as the latter in particular made the unrest possible through their support for the farmers.

Since the Reformation there has been a close relationship between the Zella Monastery and the Gerode Monastery in Nordeichsfeld . This was also provided by the Zella provosts .

Reconstruction and further destruction in the 17th century

After the Reformation in Eichsfeld, the Jesuits reasserted the Catholic faith. Here ownership of the monastery did not fall to the sovereign and was available when monastery life was revived in 1588. However, the monastery was incorporated into the judicial district of the Gleichenstein Office , which restricted its independence. A large part of the current building stock comes from the first reconstruction phase in 1603 and a second construction phase after the destruction of the Thirty Years' War .

Dissolution of the monastery in 1810 and subsequent ownership

With the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of 1803 the end of the monastery was initiated. In 1810 the Zella monastery, in which 22 nuns lived, was finally dissolved by decree of the Prussian government and transferred to private property:

  • 1810–1842: Heinrich Wilhelm Röbeling, co-owners were his grandchildren Adam and Wilhelm Lutteroth. From 1837 he increasingly stopped the pilgrimage to the Annaberg - this was now a Vorwerk belonging to the monastery property , which led to great displeasure in the Catholic surrounding communities.
  • 1842–1869: Emil Lutteroth with son Wilhelm Lutteroth. The Lutteroths had made numerous enemies in the surrounding areas because they ruthlessly and brutally exploited their economic primacy. In March 1848, therefore, numerous small farmers and day laborers rose up and stormed the monastery property in order to dispose of their debts and tax burdens by force. At the same time, this also happened in other places in West Thuringia (see also Mihla: Graues Schloss ). In the case of the Zella monastery, the survey ends with the arrests and sentencing of smallholders and day laborers.
  • 1869–1888: Merchant Rudolf Weiss from Bad Langensalza.
  • 1888–1932: Lieutenant General Rudolf von Fries from Saarbrücken, a nephew of the previous owner. He set up a hereditary burial at the edge of the forest and in 1907 had several manor buildings and the church roof renewed, which had been damaged in a fire in 1906.
  • 1932–1945: Rittmeister Helmut von Fries. He was the son of the previous owner and art collector. The antiques he acquired were presented as a collection in the monastery church and stolen by the Americans (?) At the end of the war.
  • 1945–1946: The estate was initially confiscated. In 1946, during the land reform, the monastery forest and the land were distributed to new farmers, as was the Annaberg farm .
  • 1947–1948: Transfer of the monastery buildings to the Evangelical Church of the Province of Saxony (EKKPS). The establishment of an old people's home was planned. This was prepared by initial renovations.
  • 1948 – today: Evangelical home; Retirement and nursing home in the Diakonisches Werk of Ev. Ecclesiastical Province of Saxony (from 2011: Evangelical Church in Central Germany ; EKM).

Traditional officials and occupancy figures

The following data is based on a register handed down as a book of the dead from Kloster Zella . From the same document it could be inferred that this monastery had a standard occupancy of 20 to 25 nuns.

List of Abbesses

  • (1539–1558) Barbara Jakobs
  • (1563–1571) Anna von Reckerodt
  • (1572-1630) Christina Hug
  • (1630–1636) Katharina Nebeling
  • (1637-1679) Dorothea Schmidt
  • (1679–1724) Maria Hagemann
  • (1725–1757) Martha Franziska Hartmann
  • (1757–1790) Justina Drössler
  • (1790-1810) Justina Wippermann.

List of provosts, which from the monastery Gerode come

  • (1643-1658) P. Matthias Gries
  • (1682–1704) P. Bonifatius Wachtel
  • (1705-1714) P. Odo Thüne
  • (1722-1744) P. Hieronymus Weiss
  • (1744–1748) P. Antonius Wüstefeld
  • (1748–1762) P. Odo Wegerich
  • (1762-1773) P. Bonifatius Kesting
  • (1777-1804) P. Joseph Klapproth

Evangelical pastors in Zella Monastery from 1949: Rev. Rolf Bernhard 1949–1958, Rev. Siegfried Holzhausen 1958–1990, Sup. Johannes Liesenberg 1990–1994, Rev. Dr. Thomas Eggert 1995–2000, Rev. Martin Danz 2001–2005, Rev. Dirk Vogel 2006–2014, Rev. Matthias Hemmann 2014–

literature

  • Karl Duval: The Eichsfeld . Sondershausen 1845, p. 210-223 .
  • R. Bernhard: Zella Monastery - 20 years of the Evangelical Retirement Home - A Festschrift . Mühlhausen / Thuringia 1969, p. 16 .
  • V. Hoppe: From the past of the mountain village Struth (monastery village of Kl. Zella) . In: My Eichsfeld. Yearbook . tape 12 . Duderstadt 1936, p. 81-82 .
  • L. Hucke: Monastery of Zella and the municipality of Effelder after secularization . In: My Eichsfeld. Yearbook . tape 14 . Duderstadt 1938, p. 81-82 .
  • Matthias Schmidt: The Zella Monastery (= Schnell Art Guide No. 2285). Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 1997, ISBN 3-7954-4059-9 .
  • A. Schulz: A forgotten place of pilgrimage (Annaberg) . In: Our Eichsfeld. Yearbook . tape 21 . Duderstadt 1926, p. 91-94 .
  • Ms. Springmann: The Annaberg near Kloster Zella, a former place of pilgrimage in the Obereichsfeld . In: Eichsfelder Marienkalender . tape 48 . Heiligenstadt 1937, p. 29-39 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ NN: Struth - Further reading and remarks . In: Kulturbund der DDR, Kreisleitung Worbis (Hrsg.): Eichsfelder Heimathefte . Book 3. Eichsfelddruck Heiligenstadt, Heiligenstadt 1984, p. 250 .
  2. ↑ Klaus Leoplod: Monastery Zella and its villages in the German Peasants' War . In: Kulturbund der DDR, Kreisleitung Worbis (Hrsg.): Eichsfelder Heimathefte . Booklet 1. Eichsfelddruck Heiligenstadt, Heiligenstadt 1987, p. 15-23 .
  3. ^ Rolf Luhn: A request from the Struth community from 1848 and its historical background . In: Kulturbund der DDR, Kreisleitung Worbis (Hrsg.): Eichsfelder Heimathefte . Book 3. Eichsfelddruck Heiligenstadt, Heiligenstadt 1987, p. 195-202 .
  4. ↑ J. Müller: Historical collection in monastery Zella . In: Our Eichsfeld . tape 27 . Duderstadt 1932, p. 168 .
  5. ^ Bernhard Opfermann : Kloster Zella and Annaberg since 1810 . In: Kulturbund der DDR, Kreisleitung Worbis (Hrsg.): Eichsfelder Heimathefte . Booklet 2. Eichsfelddruck Heiligenstadt, Heiligenstadt 1979, p. 134-137 .
  6. ↑ Bernhard Opfermann: The Book of the Dead of Zella Monastery for 1550-1810 . In: Kulturbund der DDR, Kreisleitung Worbis (Hrsg.): Eichsfelder Heimathefte . Booklet 3. Eichsfelddruck Heiligenstadt, Heiligenstadt 1979, p. 229-238 .

Web links

Commons : Kloster Zella  - Collection of images, videos and audio files


Coordinates: 51 ° 13 ′ 3 ″  N , 10 ° 16 ′ 30 ″  E