Hildburghausen district

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the Hildburghausen district Map of Germany, position of the district Hildburghausen highlighted

Coordinates: 50 ° 26 '  N , 10 ° 44'  E

Basic data
State : Thuringia
Administrative headquarters : Hildburghausen
Area : 938.42 km 2
Residents: 63,197 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 67 inhabitants per km 2
License plate : HBN
Circle key : 16 0 69
NUTS : DEG0E
Circle structure: 32 municipalities
Address of the
district administration: 		Wiesenstrasse 18
98646 Hildburghausen
Website : www.landkreis-hildburghausen.de
District Administrator : Thomas Müller ( CDU )
Location of the Hildburghausen district in Thuringia
Weimar Eisenach Suhl Gera Jena Landkreis Altenburger Land Landkreis Greiz Tschechien Saale-Holzland-Kreis Freistaat Sachsen Freistaat Bayern Saale-Orla-Kreis Landkreis Sonneberg Niedersachsen Hessen Sachsen-Anhalt Landkreis Eichsfeld Landkreis Saalfeld-Rudolstadt Landkreis Hildburghausen Landkreis Schmalkalden-Meiningen Ilm-Kreis Landkreis Weimarer Land Erfurt Landkreis Gotha Wartburgkreis Landkreis Sömmerda Kyffhäuserkreis Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis Landkreis Nordhausenmap
About this picture
View from Maple Mountain (15 km south) to the south dominant Eagle Mountain (849.9 m) with its 808 to 891 m high secondary peaks and the Great Eisenberg (907 m); right, half covered, the Große Finsterberg (944 m); in the foreground the town of Schwarzbach
The Bleßberg (865 m) seen from the Hildburghäuser Stadtberg
View from Merbelsroder Wachberg (621 m) to the Ratscher dam near Schleusingen
Großer (679 m) and Kleiner (642 m) Gleichberg from Eckartsberg near Waffenrod / Hinterrod (760 m, Thuringian Forest); on the far left the Klingeberg (677 m), on the far right the Priemäusel (625 m), to the left behind the Solaberg (577 m)
Bertholdsburg Castle in Schleusingen , built between 1223 and 1232
Historic town hall of Hildburghausen

The district of Hildburghausen is a district in the Franconian south of Thuringia . Neighboring districts are to the north the county-level city of Suhl , in the northeast of Ilm-Kreis , to the east (on a very narrow strip) of Saalfeld-Rudolstadt , in the east and southeast of the district Sonneberg , in the southeast and south of the Bavarian Coburg , in the south the Bavarian district of Haßberge , in the southwest of the Bavarian district of Rhön-Grabfeld and in the west and northwest of the district of Schmalkalden-Meiningen . In terms of spatial planning , the district belongs to the Southwest Thuringia planning region and is a member of the Southwest Thuringia planning community .

geography

The most important river in the district is the Weser source river Werra , which rises in the east and flows through the district area in a westerly direction , on which not only three of the four largest cities in the district lie, but which is also fed by almost all other rivers in the district.

Only in the extreme east do a few short rivers drain via the Schwarza and Saale into the Elbe, while the rivers that originate in the extreme south of the district drain via the Main into the Rhine - such as the Itz , which rises in the southeast on Bleßberg, and the one in the southern tip of the Spleen originating in Gleichbergen (the latter over the Franconian Saale ). The Itz tributary Rodach and its tributary Kreck also spring in the southern tip of the district.

Geologically, the district is divided into four zones of decreasing altitude, the boundary lines of which each run roughly in a south-easterly direction.

Thuringian Forest and Thuringian Slate Mountains

The north-east of the district merges into the ridges of the Thuringian Forest and the Thuringian Slate Mountains with heights of 600-891 m, with the valleys of the rivers flowing in the south-west dividing the highest mountains of the district into mountain ranges and massifs. The approximately northernmost point of the circle is also the highest.

Mountain ranges and dividing rivers

The altitudes in the northeast of the district are divided as follows: (from north to east, within the mountain ranges from northeast to southwest, main summit linked):

Southern foreland of the Thuringian Forest

From the ridges of the upper forest area to about the middle course of the Werra in the southwest, a strip of temperate mountainous land runs through the district, which is only in the extreme north (west) of the district, to the right of the lock , at 692 m ( Schneeberg ) or 671 m ( Schleusinger Berg ) reached more respectable heights. This segment also includes the Small Thuringian Forest , which initially describes a geologically older, small area, but whose name is occasionally extended to the entire foreland between the lock and the Hasel . The predominant red sandstone remains dominant to the left of the lock, in the Hildburghausen city forest , the altitude of which is between 500 and 550 meters, on the Schleusingen-Hildburghausen road it reaches 575 m. The Thuringian State Institute for Environment and Geology names the part of the southern Thuringian red sandstone woodland dominated by red sandstone. The highest foreland mountain in the segment between the Schleuse and Werra upper reaches, however, is the Solaberg at Poppenwind in the east, at 577 m , where there is shell limestone . On the left of the Werra, the shell limestone finally becomes dominant in the Schalkau plateau ; TLUG combines the plateau with a corridor to Solaberg and the same as Schalkau Thuringian Forest Foreland .

The three most important and largest cities are also within the Thuringian Forest Foreland:

The town of Schleusingen is located on the lower reaches (372 m) of Nahe and Schleuse , just a few km behind the Ratscher mountain lake . From there, the B 4 runs across the Buntsandsteinland to the town of Eisfeld , which, at the junction with the Schalkau Plateau, is 430  m above sea level. NN from the Werra is passed.

The district town of Hildburghausen is located on the south-eastern edge of this zone, behind an approximately 550 m high mountain ridge on which the city forest is located. The Werra only reaches 372  m above sea level in Hildburghausen . NN , in order to descend to the city of Themar , which is also on the southern edge of the zone , shortly after the inflow of the lock from the right, to below 360 m.

Werra-Gäuplatten

From below Eisfeld the Werra is flanked on the left by shell limestone ridges ( Werra-Gäuplatten ), which are only separated from the Schalkau plateau by a narrow red sandstone depression. They stretch from the Langen Mountains , mostly in Upper Franconia , first over the Hildburghausen Muschelkalkberge with the famous Hildburghausen Stadtberg ( 496  m ) to the Häselriether Berg ( 526  m ). Shortly above Themar, the Werra finally breaks through this limestone slab, which widens there in the northeast direction and which from then on rises up on both sides of the river. In the far north-west of the district it is interrupted by the Keuper of the Marisfeld trench .

The Gäuplatten, which, according to TLUG, form the core landscape of the Meininger Kalkplatten unit , are only forested at high altitudes like islands.

Grabfeld and Itz-Baunach-Hügelland

Veste Heldburg

Towards the south, the shell limestone step of the Werra-Gäuplatten gradually merges into the Keuper step of the flat, undulating grave field , the altitude of which mostly remains below 400 m. However, volcanic elevations are an exception. The 679 m and 641 m high Gleichberg mountains to the west of Hildburghausen , over the smaller of which a section of the Rhine-Weser watershed also runs, tower over the landscape for a long time.

South-east of the Gleichberge, the Grabfeld narrows into the Coburg-Rodacher Niederung , which is bordered to the south-west by the again less gently undulating Itz-Baunach hill country with Keuper, Lias and Dogger rocks. Practically the entire Heldburger tip in the extreme south of the district and Thuringia belongs to this landscape. On its northern edge lies the granite mountain Straufhain (449 m), in its interior the Phonolit elevation, on which the fortress Heldburg (413 m) stands. Both still clearly stand out as singularities , but far less clearly than the mountains of the same type. Two small towns are the dominant settlements of the Heldburger Land , namely Ummerstadt and Heldburg , the latter is the administrative center of the Heldburger Unterland .

The TLUG division summarizes the grave field and the small inner-Thuringian part of the Itz-Baunach hill country under the name Grabfeld and Grabfelder Ackerhügelland .

history

The district has existed in its current form since 1994, when most of the Suhl district was merged with the Hildburghausen district. The district of Hildburghausen is part of the historic Henneberger Land .

In the run-up to a planned second district reform in Thuringia , a commission of experts proposed in January 2013 that the district with the neighboring district of Sonneberg, the city of Suhl and parts of the Schmalkalden-Meiningen district be merged into one great district. In protest against these plans, District Administrator Thomas Müller brought up a change of the district to Bavaria.

In the legislative period from 2014 onwards, the Thuringia regional reforms in 2018 and 2019 with the coalition agreement were set as the goal to be striven for. After the preliminary law for functional and territorial reform was passed by the state parliament in June 2016, the interior minister presented the government proposal on October 11, 2016 for the reorganization of the districts and independent cities, which would allow the districts of Hildburghausen, Schmalkalden-Meiningen and Sonneberg to merge with the independent city of Suhl. Further proposals for district mergers followed, but the territorial reform failed in November 2017.

population

Population development

Development of the population:

  • 1994: 75.478
  • 1995: 75.168
  • 1996: 75.085
  • 1997: 74.990
  • 1998: 74.720
  • 1999: 74.167
  • 2000: 73.839
  • 2001: 73.246
  • 2002: 72,769
  • 2003: 72,000
  • 2004: 71,521
  • 2005: 71.022
  • 2006: 70.210
  • 2007: 69,425
  • 2008: 68,596
  • 2009: 67,816
  • 2010: 67.007
  • 2011: 66,307
  • 2012: 65,540
  • 2013: 65,032
  • 2014: 64,673
  • 2015: 64,524
  • 2016: 64,330
  • 2017: 63,923
  • 2018: 63,553
  • 2019: 63,197
Data source: from 1994 Thuringian State Office for Statistics - values ​​from December 31st

Dialects in the district area

Three Main Franconian dialects are spoken in the district:

politics

District council

Election of the Hildburghausen district council 2019
Turnout: 63.7% (2014: 52.6%)
 %
30th
20th
10
0
28.4%
18.7%
15.1%
12.3%
9.5%
8.6%
4.0%
3.3%
Gains and losses
compared to 2014
 % p
 14th
 12
 10
   8th
   6th
   4th
   2
   0
  -2
  -4
  -6
  -8th
-10
-8.4  % p
+1.7  % p
-8.6  % p
+ 12.3  % p
-2.8  % p
+ 5.2  % p
+1.5  % p
-1.0  % p
Template: election chart / maintenance / notes
Remarks:
c DIE LINKE / Active for Schleusingen ; 2014: DIE LINKE
f Alliance Future Hildburghausen ; emerged from NPD district association
h FDP / Free Citizens

After the district council election on May 26, 2019 , the 40 seats in the district council are distributed as follows:

Political party Seats
Distribution of seats in the
Hildburghausen district council 2019
        
A total of 40 seats
CDU 11 (-4)
FW 8 (+1)
DIE LINKE / Active 1 6 (-3)
AfD 5 (+5)
SPD 4 (-1)
BZH 2 3 (+2)
GREEN 2 (+1)
FDP / FB 3 1 (-1)
1 DIE LINKE / Active for Schleusingen ; 2014: DIE LINKE
2 Alliance Future Hildburghausen ; emerged from NPD district association
3 FDP / Free Citizens

District Administrator

District Administrator of the Hildburghausen district has been Thomas Müller (CDU) since 1994.

coat of arms

Blazon : The coat of arms of the district of Hildburghausen is golden, divided by a curved, lowered red tip, which is covered with three silver tips in the base of the shield and shows a black, red-armored and tongued lion at the front and a black, red-armored hen on a green three-hill at the back with red comb and red rag.

The district chose symbols of former territorial rulers for its coat of arms in today's district. In the first place is the lion of the Margraves of Meissen. This symbol indicates that considerable parts of today's district area were owned by the Wettins, after 1485 owned by changing lines of the Ernestines. The black, red-armored lion in gold was borrowed from their composite coat of arms. The talking coat of arms of the Counts of Henneberg stands for the affiliation of large parts of the district area to the former county of Henneberg. In spiritual terms, today's area of ​​the Hildburghausen district belonged to the diocese of Würzburg. But also from a secular point of view, individual parts of the district area belonged to the Würzburg diocese for a while. Belonging to this Franconian diocese is represented by the so-called " Franconian rake " - three silver tips in red.

Economy and Infrastructure

economy

Schönbrunn spice factory

The district of Hildburghausen is economically shaped primarily by traditional industries. Metal and wood processing as well as glass and porcelain production have always played an important role in the district. These branches of industry were later supplemented by companies in the plastics, food and automotive supply industries. The distinctive service sector and tourism are of particular importance as economic factors. The largest industrial companies in the Hildburghausen district are located in Schönbrunn (food industry), Merbelsrod (automotive supplier industry) and Schleusingen (glass industry).

In the future atlas 2016 , the district of Hildburghausen was ranked 320th out of 402 districts and independent cities in Germany, making it one of the regions with "slight future risks".

traffic

Since 1858, the permeates Werra Railway Company built Werrabahn Meiningen-Coburg today's county and also touches on the county Hildburghausen. From here, since 1888, the narrow-gauge railway line Hildburghausen – Lindenau-Friedrichshall , operated as a local railway, led to the southern tip of the district to Lindenau-Friedrichshall. Like the narrow-gauge railway from Eisfeld to Untersteubrunn, which opened into the Thuringian Forest in 1890, it was financed by the Duchy of Saxony-Meiningen and initially operated by the local railway construction and operating company Wilhelm Hostmann & Co. from Hanover .

In Themar a branch line of the Werra Railway Company branched off to Schleusingen in 1888 , which was extended in 1904 by the Prussian State Railway (KPStE) via the Rennsteig to Ilmenau – Erfurt (see Rennsteigbahn ).

The KPStE opened the Eisfeld – Sonneberg lines in 1909 and Schleusingen – Suhl in 1911.

The small town of Römhild , located in the far west, received a connection to the main line Meiningen-Schweinfurt in 1893 from Rentwertshausen by the railway operated by the Bavarian State Railway on behalf of the Duchy of Saxony-Meiningen.

Of the 145 km routes in the district, 110 km have been closed in half a century:

Today regular passenger traffic is operated by the Süd-Thüringen-Bahn (STB) on the 35 km long route (Sonneberg–) Eisfeld – Hildburghausen – Themar (–Meiningen), serving six stations in the district.

On the mountain route ( Ilmenau ) - Rennsteig railway station - Schleusingen - Themar , which Rennsteigbahn GmbH & Co KG has leased, the Dampfbahnfreunde Mittlerer Rennsteig e. V. Special steam trips and freight traffic through.

Education and Conservation

education

In addition to the Georgianum grammar school in Hildburghausen, there is another grammar school in the district.

Protected areas

There are 24 designated nature reserves in the district (as of January 2017).

Culture and sights

Architectural monuments

See: List of cultural monuments in the Hildburghausen district

Museums

cities and communes

Hildburghausen is designated as a middle center according to the regional plan.

The basic centers are the cities of Heldburg , Eisfeld , Römhild , Schleusingen and Themar as well as the municipality of Schleusegrund .

(Residents on December 31, 2019)

community-free municipalities

Cities

  1. Ice field (7561)
  2. Hildburghausen (11,831)
  3. Römhild (6822)
  4. Schleusingen (10,930)

Communities

  1. Auengrund (2852), fulfilling community also for
    1. Brno / Thür. (410)
  2. Masserberg (2188)
  3. Sluice Ground (2735)
  4. Veilsdorf (2762)
Ahlstädt Auengrund Beinerstadt Bischofrod Eisfeld Brünn Dingsleben Ehrenberg Eichenberg Eisfeld Grimmelshausen Grub Heldburg Henfstädt Hildburghausen Kloster Veßra Lengfeld Marisfeld Masserberg Oberstadt Reurieth Römhild Schlechtsart Schleusegrund Schleusingen Schmeheim Schweickershausen St. Bernhard Straufhain Themar Ummerstadt Veilsdorf Westhausen ThüringenMunicipalities in HBN.png
About this picture

Administrative communities
* Administrative headquarters

  1. Ahlstadt (123)
  2. Beinerstadt (312)
  3. Bischofrod (161)
  4. Thing life (239)
  5. Ehrenberg (178)
  6. Oak Mountain (165)
  7. Grimmelshausen (170)
  8. Pit (160)
  9. Henfstädt (375)
  10. Veßra Monastery (296)
  11. Lengfeld (411)
  12. Marisfeld (445)
  13. Upper Town (336)
  14. Reurieth (808)
  15. Schmeheim (264)
  16. St. Bernhard (256)
  17. Themar , City * (2807)
  1. Heldburg , City * (3404)
  2. Bad type (156)
  3. Schweickershausen (160)
  4. Straufhain (2714)
  5. Ummerstadt , City (463)
  6. Westhausen (703)

For the terms administrative community and fulfilling municipality, see administrative community and fulfilling municipality (Thuringia) .

Territorial changes

Communities

Administrative communities and fulfilling communities

License Plate

At the beginning of 1991 the district received the distinctive sign HBN . It is still issued today.

literature

  • City administration (ed.): City of Hildburghausen. The little classic . 4th edition. WEKA info Verlag, 2003, p. 54.
  • Gerhard Köbler : Historical lexicon of the German countries. The German territories from the Middle Ages to the present. 7th, completely revised edition. CH Beck, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-406-54986-1 .
  • Hans-Jürgen Salier : Chronicle of the city of Hildburghausen , ISBN 3-86180-065-9
  • Bastian Salier: Freemason in Hildburghausen , ISBN 3-86180-170-1
  • Friedrich Ernst Prince of Saxony-Altenburg: The riddle of the Madame Royale. Marie Therese Charlotte of France - A Bicentennial Secret in the Light of Recent Research . ISBN 3-86180-007-1
  • AE Brachvogel: The riddle of Hildburghausen , reprint, Verlag Frankenschwelle, 1990
  • Braungart / Römhild: Hildburghausen a city history in pictures , Hildburghausen City Museum, 1996
  • Norbert Klaus Fuchs: The Heldburger Land - a historical travel guide ; Rockstuhl Publishing House, Bad Langensalza 2013, ISBN 978-3-86777-349-2
  • Norbert Klaus Fuchs: Billmuthausen – The condemned village . Greifenverlag zu Rudolstadt & Berlin, 2009, ISBN 978-3-86939-004-8
  • P. Lehfeld: Architectural and Art Monuments of Thuringia, Booklet XXXI, Duchy of Saxony-Meiningen, District Court Districts Heldburg and Römhild, 1904, reprint, Verlag Rockstuhl, Bad Langensalza, ISBN 978-3-86777-378-2

Web links

Commons : Landkreis Hildburghausen  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Population of the municipalities from the Thuringian State Office for Statistics  ( help on this ).
  2. ^ A b c d Walter Hiekel, Frank Fritzlar, Andreas Nöllert and Werner Westhus: The natural spaces of Thuringia . Ed .: Thuringian State Institute for Environment and Geology (TLUG), Thuringian Ministry for Agriculture, Nature Conservation and Environment . 2004, ISSN  0863-2448 . → Natural area map of Thuringia (TLUG) - PDF; 260 kB → Maps by district (TLUG)

  3. ↑ a b Heinz Späth: Geographical land survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 141 Coburg. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1987. → Online map (PDF, 6 MB)
  4. ^ Thuringian territorial reform ( Memento from November 2, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on February 5, 2013
  5. ↑ Sonneberg and Hildburghausen threaten to flee to Franconia , accessed on February 5, 2013
  6. ↑ preliminary law on functional and territorial reform on thueringen.de, accessed on June 16, 2019
  7. ↑ thueringen.de , accessed on October 11, 2016
  8. ↑ District election in Hildburghausen 2019 In: wahlen.thueringen.de .
  9. ↑ Future Atlas 2016 (PDF; 10 MB) Retrieved on July 13, 2018 .
  10. ^ Regional plan Southwest Thuringia from February 22, 2011 , accessed on October 16, 2016
  11. ^ Population of the municipalities from the Thuringian State Office for Statistics  ( help on this ).