Lower Orschel

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 51 ° 22 ′  N , 10 ° 26 ′  E
Basic data
State :	Thuringia
County :	Eichsfeld
Height :	275 m above sea level NHN
Area :	55.72 km 2
Residents:	5380 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	97 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	37355
Area code :	036076
License plate :	EIC, HIG, WBS
Community key :	16 0 61 074
Community structure:	9 districts
Address of the municipal administration:	Bergstrasse 51 37355 Niederorschel
Website :	www.eichsfelder-kessel.de
Mayor :	Ingo Michalewski ( CDU )
Location of the community Niederorschel in the district of Eichsfeld

Niederorschel is a municipality in the Eichsfeld district in Thuringia .

in the town

geography

The community is located in the north-western part of Thuringia, around five kilometers east of Leinefelde in the Eichsfeld basin between the Ohm Mountains and Dün . The districts of Deuna with Vollenborn , Gerterode , Hausen , Kleinbartloff with Reifenstein , Niederorschel, Oberorschel and Rüdigershagen belong to the community . Neighboring communities are Gernrode and Breitenworbis in the north, Sollstedt ( Nordhausen district ) in the east, Helbedündorf ( Kyffhäuserkreis ) in the southeast, Dünwald ( Unstrut-Hainich district ) and Dingelstädt in the south and Leinefelde-Worbis in the west.

The river Ohne flows through Niederorschel and flows into the Wipper just behind the village . Within the district, smaller streams flow into the Ohne, including the Ahlenbach and the Schwarzburger Laubach. In the hilly landscape of the Eichsfelder Kessel, the highest elevations of the community are the Galgenberg (330.3 m), the Lewedesberg (331.5 m) and the Rote Berg (up to 355 m), at the level of the Dün there are heights of up to 450 reached up to 500 meters. The landscape around Niederorschel is mainly used for agriculture, only south of the districts of Rüdigershagen and Kleinbartloff on the northern slope of the Dün are larger forest areas.

history

The place Niederorschel was first mentioned as Asla in 1221 in a deed of donation from the Beuren monastery . The name suggests that Niederorschel is one of the oldest villages in Eichsfeld and was founded in the 5th to 6th centuries. The place was the starting point of the peasant uprising in Eichsfeld in 1525 .

Until secularization Niederorschel belonged to Kurmainz , from 1816 to 1945 it was part of the district of Heiligenstadt in the Prussian province of Saxony . In 1847 the place received market rights.

During the Second World War , more than 250 prisoners of war , women and men from Poland, the Ukraine, France, Great Britain, Canada and Italy, had to work in the mechanical weaving mill , in the plywood factory Hermann Becher Gernrode, on the manor Oberorschel, at the Backhaus company & Co. and Josef Dirk do forced labor in Rüdigershagen . In 1944 the Niederorschel external command of the Buchenwald concentration camp was established in the mechanical weaving mill , where more than 600 prisoners were deployed under inhumane conditions. Almost all of them were sent on a death march in 1945 . Due to the deployment of the political prisoner Otto Herrmann , who, as the camp's Kapo on behalf of the illegal camp committee, ensured that the conditions of detention were improved, comparatively few inmates died. A memorial stone in Bahnhofstrasse has been commemorating her since 1965. Since 2002 there has been a plaque with the names of 19 prisoners who died.

On April 10, 1945, the place was occupied by the US Army without a fight . At the beginning of July 1945 he came to the Soviet Occupation Zone (SBZ) and was part of the GDR from 1949 . Since 1952 he has belonged to the Worbis district in the Erfurt district , which was added to the state of Thuringia in 1990.

Rüdigershagen was incorporated on January 1, 1996, and Deuna , Gerterode , Hausen and Kleinbartloff on January 1, 2019 . Until its dissolution on January 1, 2019, Niederorschel was the seat of the Eichsfelder Kessel administrative association .

Asla noble family

The noble family from Eichsfeld and Thuringia, named after the town of Asla (or Orschel), lived in Niederorschel. Hermann von Asla, a nobleman, was named for the first time in 1225. It is not known whether they owned a fortified manor house or a castle there. In the 15th century the noble family died out. The coat of arms shows a crow or a raven. The following further representatives of the family are proven:

• 1302 Friedrich (von Orschel), Vogt zu Worbis and 1311 with his brother Eckard
• 1324 Heinrich von Orschel, named as a witness in a document from Archbishop Mathias
• 1339 Eckard in a Schlotheim document
• 1396 Eckard in a Mühlhausen document and possibly again the same Eckard in 1432

After Siebmacher there is another family of those from Asla (II) as vassals of the Counts of Hohnstein , whose coat of arms shows two fallen fishhooks. However, this coat of arms has a clear correspondence with the coat of arms of the noble family von Hagen, who lived in neighboring Rüdigershagen . This sex is said to have died out at the beginning of the 15th century. The following are named as representatives:

• 1279 to 1292 Gottfried
• 1285 Dietrich
• 1340 Squire Tiliko
• 1356 to 1378 the brothers Tizelo (possibly the above), Dietrich, Heinrich and Hugo auf Vockkstedt
• 1365 Heinrich as a Schwarzburg vassal

• 

  The coat of arms of those of Asla ...

• 

  ... and those of Asla II

Population development

Development of the population (December 31) :

1994: 2,867 1995: 2,877 1996: 3,562 1997: 3,574 1998: 3,569 1999: 3,575

2000: 3,594 2001: 3,573 2002: 3,534 2003: 3,494 2004: 3,469 2005: 3,438

2006: 3,384 2007: 3,367 2008: 3,338 2009: 3,274 2010: 3,258 2011: 3,114

2012: 3,095 2013: 3,086 2014: 3,073 2015: 3,095 2016: 3,082 2017: 3,126

2018: 3,066 2019: 5,380 *

Data source: Thuringian State Office for Statistics

* from 2019: newly formed community Niederorschel

politics

Local elections 2019

Turnout: 74.2% (2014: 57.9%)

 %

50

40

30th

20th

10

0

48.5%

n. k.

5.0%

6.4%

26.5%

6.3%

7.2%

CDU

FWG

SPD

AfD

BI ^e

VG ^f

AdV ^g

Gains and losses

compared to 2014

 % p

   8th

   6th

   4th

   2

   0

  -2

  -4

  -6

  -8th

-10

-12

-14

-16

+ 6.2  % p.p.

-15.9  % p

-1.9  % p

+ 6.4  % p

-8.4  % p

+ 6.3  % p

+ 7.2  % p

CDU

FWG

SPD

AfD

BI ^e

VG ^f

AdV ^g

Remarks:

^e Niederorschel citizens' initiative

^f Association

^g alliance of clubs

Municipal council

The municipal council of Niederorschel is composed of 32 municipal council members, who have been distributed among the individual lists and parties as follows since the local elections on May 26, 2019 :

Party / list	Seats	Share of votes
CDU	16	48.5%
SPD	2	05.0%
AfD	2	06.4%
Niederorschel citizens' initiative	8th	26.5%
Club community	2	06.3%
Alliance of clubs	2	07.2%

mayor

The full-time mayor Ingo Michalewski (CDU) was re-elected in the local elections in Thuringia in 2019 .

coat of arms

Blazon : "In gold, a red griffin turned left, the right front claw resting on a shield split by silver and black, inside a right-turned eagle in mistaken tinctures."

Partnerships

Partnership relationships have existed since 1990 with the German communities of Nordkirchen in Münsterland and Bestwig in Hochsauerland, and since 1997 with the Polish city of Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki .

Attractions

St. Mary's Church in Niederorschel

• The baroque parish church “St. Marien “ was built in 1685 by the Italian master builder Dominico Bennoth.
• The Catholic parish office “St. Marien “was built in the Franconian half-timbered style (cultural monument) in 1694–1696 .
• The town hall was built in 1905 in the baroque half-timbered style (cultural monument).
• On the Upper and Lower Steinweg there is an ensemble of monuments consisting of several half-timbered weavers' and commercial houses from the 17th and 18th centuries. It was entered in the monuments book of the Free State of Thuringia in June 2018 .
• The Niederorschel Heimatstube at Marktplatz 10 has a permanent exhibition entitled “ Buchenwald Concentration Camp - Niederorschel External Command”; There is also a memorial for the victims of the Buchenwald concentration camp - Niederorschel external command.
• Thomas Müntzer memorial stone
• The Linde inventory on the Lindenplatz is as natural monument designated
• The former mountain school with vaulted cellar from the 15th / 16th centuries The 18th century, built in 1844, is the birthplace of the Eichsfeld historian Philipp Knieb. Today the building is the administrative seat of the Eichsfelder Kessel administrative association .

Infrastructure

traffic

• Stop ( Gernrode- Niederorschel) in Gernrode, on the Halle – Hann railway line. Münden .

education

• State regular school Niederorschel
• Primary school Sankt Marien

Personalities

• Josef Hartmann (* 1934), archivist and historian
• Heinrich Maria Waldmann (* 1811 in Niederorschel, † 1896 in Heilbad Heiligenstadt ), Catholic priest, teacher, local researcher and politician.

literature

• Philipp Knieb: Eichsfeld parish chronicles Niederorschel and Worbis . In: Maik Pinkert, Alfons Montag, André Sieland (ed.): Source editions from the Episcopal Commissariat in Heiligenstadt . tape 2 . Heiligenstadt 2004, ISBN 3-935782-06-3 , p. 375 .
• Paul Claus: St. Marien - source of faith. Ecclesiastical and religious women and men to whom Niederorschel (Eichsfeld) was home . In: Eichsfeldjahrbuch . tape 2 . Mecke, Duderstadt 1994, p. 217-235 .

Web links

Commons : Niederorschel  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Page about the municipality of Niederorschel on the website of the Eichsfelder Kessel administrative association

Individual evidence

1. ^ Population of the municipalities from the Thuringian State Office for Statistics  ( help on this ).
2. ^ Daniel Fraenkel, Jakob Borut (ed.): Lexicon of the Righteous Among the Nations: Germans and Austrians . Wallstein Verlag , Göttingen 2005; ISBN 3-89244-900-7 , pp. 149 f.
3. ↑ Thuringian Association of the Persecuted of the Nazi Regime - Association of Antifascists and Study Group of German Resistance 1933-1945 (ed.): Heimatgeschichtlicher Wegweiser to places of resistance and persecution 1933-1945, series: Heimatgeschichtliche Wegweiser Volume 8 Thüringen, Erfurt 2003, p. 41f ., ISBN 3-88864-343-0
4. ↑ Municipalities 1994 and their changes since January 1, 1948 in the new federal states , Metzler-Poeschel publishing house, Stuttgart, 1995, ISBN 3-8246-0321-7 , publisher: Federal Statistical Office
5. ↑ Thuringian Law and Ordinance Gazette No. 14/2018 p. 795 ff. , Accessed on January 26, 2019
6. ^ ^{A b} Johann Wolf: Eichsfeldisches document book together with the treatise of the Eichsfeldischen nobility. Göttingen 1819 ( treatise by the Eichsfeld nobility, as a contribution to their history ). Page 9.
7. ↑ J. Siebmacher's large and general book of arms, VI. Volume, 6th Division; Extinct Prussian nobility: Province of Saxony; Author: GA von Mülverstedt (1825-1914), Ad. M. Hildebrandt (1844-1918); Publication: Nuremberg: Bauer & Raspe, 1884, p. 6.
8. ↑ RIplus Regg. EB Mainz 1,1 n. 768, in: Regesta Imperii Online, URI: [1] (accessed on August 22, 2017)
9. ↑ Thuringian State Office for Statistics: City Council Election 2019 in Thuringia - Niederorschel , accessed on October 8, 2019
10. ↑ Local elections 2019 / mayor elections , mdr.de, accessed on May 28, 2019.
11. ↑ Thuringian State Gazette No. 25/2018, page 726