Bestwig

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 51 ° 21 '  N , 8 ° 23'  E
Basic data
State :	North Rhine-Westphalia
Administrative region :	Arnsberg
Circle :	Hochsauerlandkreis
Height :	300 m above sea level NHN
Area :	69.48 km 2
Residents:	10,623 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	153 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	59909
Primaries :	02904, 02905
License plate :	HSK
Community key :	05 9 58 008
Community structure:	17 districts in 6 localities
Address of the municipal administration:	Rathausplatz 1 59909 Bestwig
Website :	www.bestwig.de
Mayor :	Ralf Péus ( CDU )
Location of the municipality of Bestwig in the Hochsauerlandkreis

Bestwig

Aerial view

Bestwig is a municipality in North Rhine-Westphalia that belongs to the Hochsauerlandkreis . Large parts of the municipal area are designated as extensive nature or landscape protection areas. The Plästerlegge , the highest natural waterfall in North Rhine-Westphalia, is located within the nature reserve of the same name.

The place on the Ruhr and on the edge of the Arnsberg Forest was a small hamlet in the 14th century with a double courtyard of the Meschede monastery and a courtyard of the Grafschaft monastery . After the construction of a train station on the Upper Ruhr Valley Railway , the hamlet developed into a railway community in the second half of the 19th century. In addition, mining led to an increase in the number of inhabitants in the then neighboring municipality of Ramsbeck. The municipality of Bestwig came into being in its current form in connection with the municipal reorganization of North Rhine-Westphalia in 1975 . They merged communities with a strong commercial or mining orientation with predominantly agricultural areas.

geography

Geographical location

The municipality of Bestwig is located on the northern border of the Hochsauerlandkreis between the cities of Meschede in the west, Warstein and Rüthen in the north (both districts of Soest), Olsberg and Brilon (at the narrowest point separated by only around 1,300 m of Olsberg urban area between OT Grimlinghausen and OT Esshoff) in the east and Schmallenberg and Winterberg (a common border point) in the south. The highest point is the Bastenberg ( 744.8  m above sea level ), the lowest point is in the Ruhr valley at 280  m above sea level. NN . The highest point in the ridge that separates the valleys of Elpe and Valme is 731.5  m above sea level. NN the mountain stipple .

geology

Bestwig is located on the northern edge of the Rhenish Slate Mountains . The high elevations with the Ramsbeck heights and gorges in the south form the northern edge of the Rothaargebirge . The geological structure is determined by the sedimentary rocks of the Carboniferous and Devonian . The clay and sandstones from the Middle Devon give way to younger sedimentary rocks to the north. The Arnsberg Forest Nature Park in the north is no more than 500  m high. Clay, silt and sandstone from the Pennsylvania predominate there. These are partly weathered deeply and covered by thick layers of clay . In terms of soil typology, brown earth is most widespread in the municipality with medium to large, rarely with very large or low development depth . Brown earths with great to very great depth of development are most widespread in the area of ​​the Nuttlar slate . The mostly shallow mountain ranges are mainly used for forestry. Arable use to a greater extent is essentially limited to two broad Ruhr valley zones running almost parallel from southwest to northeast and the areas between Halbeswig , Heringhausen and Ramsbeck .

Natural structure

View from the Lörmecketurm to the Stüppel mountain with the Stüppelturm

The municipal area is essentially divided into three different natural spatial main units. The northern part of the community belongs to the Arnsberg Forest. It is predominantly characterized by forestry use. Two thirds of the forest consist of coniferous wood. There are also bog, break and spring locations as well as some upper reaches of rivers.

The Ruhr Valley and its surroundings occupy the central part of the municipality. Settlement areas are increasingly lined up there. This also includes the lower slope systems that were previously used for agriculture. To the south, there are mixed-use areas that extend to the northern slopes of the Bastenberg, the Dörnberg and the Stüppel. The crests reach heights of up to 500  m . In between there are quite wide glacial valleys , some of which made agricultural use possible. Today, however, Christmas tree cultures dominate the axis from Heringhausen to Nierbachtal . Special ecological conditions prevail in a large diabase and spanganophylium limestone range south of the Ruhr valley and a small diabase limestone range between Heringhausen and Ramsbeck.

The south of the municipality is characterized by the northern edge of the Hochsauerland gorge mountains . There the peaks such as Dörnberg, Bastenberg and Stüppel reach a height of 700  m . The deeply cut valley of the Valme and its tributaries also lie in the mountains. Because of the large differences in altitude, agriculture could hardly be practiced there in the past.

Expansion of the urban area and neighboring communities

The municipality extends over about 16 kilometers from the Arnsberg Forest in the north to south of Obervalme in the south. The west-east expansion is seven kilometers from Wehrstapel in the west to Bigge in the east, whereby the mentioned localities do not belong to the municipality of Bestwig.

The total area of ​​the municipality is 69.36 km², of which about 8.5 km² (11.3%) is settlement area, of which 4.92 km² (7.1%) existed with buildings or operational areas. Of the 60.83 km² open space, 46.47 km² (67%) are woodlands and 13.66 km² (19.7%) are agricultural areas. The open space share of 87.7% is above the national average of 78.7%. The 67 percent forest share is also above average (North Rhine-Westphalia: 25%).

Bestwig borders clockwise, beginning in the northwest, on the cities of Warstein , Rüthen (both in the Soest district ), Olsberg , Schmallenberg and Meschede (all in the Hochsauerlandkreis).

Community structure

The community consists of 17 districts that belong to the villages of Velmede , Nuttlar , Ostwig , Heringhausen , Ramsbeck and Andreasberg .

Locality	Districts
Velmede	Bestwig, Velmede , Föckinghausen , Nierbachtal , Halbeswig
Nuttlar	Nuttlar , Grimlinghausen
Ostwig	Ostwig , Alfert , Borghausen
Heringhausen	Heringhausen
Ramsbeck	Ramsbeck , Berlar , Valme
Andreasberg	Andreasberg , Dörnberg , waterfall

climate

In Bestwig there is a typical low mountain range, which is characterized by the transition area between the oceanic and continental climates in south-eastern Westphalia . In a few years the summers were dry and warm, but sometimes also damp and cool. In winter, lows of less than −20 ° C were measured. The annual amount of precipitation between 1961 and 1991 averaged 1,065.9 millimeters per year. The monthly data can be taken from the climate diagram.

history

Early history, the Middle Ages and early modern times

Archaeological finds near Heringhausen from the Bronze Age and in the Veleda Cave near Velmede from the Iron Age attest to the beginnings of settlement.

The early medieval settlement consisted of hamlets and individual farms. Due to its convenient location, the Archbishops of Cologne raised Velmede to the center of the parish . Albert K. Hömberg saw the parish Velmede as the first mission parish at the beginning of the Christianization of the region. It can be assumed that the village consisted of about six courtyards in the 10th century. The towns of Nuttlar and Velmede were first mentioned in 1072 in a deed of foundation of the Grafschaft Benedictine Abbey . Located at the confluence of the Valme into the Ruhr, Bestwig consisted in the 14th century of a double courtyard belonging to the Meschede monastery and a courtyard belonging to the Grafschaft monastery. Grafschaft monastery gave the parish in Velmede until the end of the Old Kingdom .

The area formed the free county of Velmede and belonged to the noblemen of Rüdenberg , based near Arnsberg . In 1296, Count Ludwig von Arnsberg acquired half of the free county; the other half went to the Count of Waldeck . Since 1368 the area belonged to the Electoral Cologne Duchy of Westphalia .

Mining has been practiced in the Ramsbeck area since the high or late Middle Ages. The thesis put forward in 1936 that it was there as early as 1500 BC. There was mining, is probably not sustainable. It is a legend that the extremely narrow, only 1.30 m high Venetian tunnel was carved into the mountain by Venetern , a supposedly small tribe of the Illyrians . Mining is documented for the first time in 1518. In 1559 Ramsbeck was raised to mountain freedom.

The start of slate mining is unclear. In Nuttlar, at least in the 18th century, the trade was operated as a rural sideline with some success. Therefore, the owners of the Antfeld house , which also included slate pits , filed a lawsuit against the competition before the Imperial Court of Justice in 1727 .

In 1759 there were no noble or monastic possessions worth mentioning in the Velmede court, to which large parts of today's Bestwig belonged. 35 whole farm positions corresponded to 14% of all possessions. The number of half-farmers was also quite low at 23 (9.2%). Significantly larger with 63 (25.2%) was the number of cats with only very few possessions. The largest group were the 129 Brinkitzer (51.6%), who were largely without any agricultural property.

Railroad and mining expansion

The area of ​​today's municipality of Bestwig was decisively shaped by two developments in the 19th century. One was the connection to the railway through the construction of the Upper Ruhr Valley Railway . From 1870 this led to the construction of the station, which is important for the Sauerland, and created numerous jobs, especially in the local railway depot. Due to the railway, the number of inhabitants, especially in Bestwig itself, increased significantly. While only 44 people lived there in 1864, the number of inhabitants in the “railway community” increased to 625 by 1905. The second was the expansion of Ramsbeck's lead and zinc mining, initially through the Ramsbeck trade union and, from the 1850s, through the stock corporation for mining, lead and zinc production . For decades, this company was by far the largest company in today's Hochsauerland district . Both developments differentiated the area of ​​today's municipality of Bestwig from other parts of the upper Sauerland. In large parts of today's community, it was not the rural population that dominated, but the working class.

In contrast to the type of agrarian-commercial mixed farms, which by the way predominated in the Sauerland region of Cologne , most of the miners in Ramsbeck and Andreasberg did not own any land worth mentioning. They also did not own homes, but lived in the houses of the mining companies. The miners' settlements built in the 1850s were the first in Westphalia. Bad health conditions were characteristic of the Ramsbeck mining industry. The experts at the time did not agree on the causes and determined a specific miner's disease to which 50% of all deaths in the Ramsbeck district were attributed in 1886/88. The situation at the turn of the 20th century was only slightly different. Most of the miners were already "ready to go" by the age of 35 to 40 and usually died a little later. Because of the high mortality of the miners, the villages of the Ramsbeck district were also called "widow villages".

There was social unrest in the district relatively early on. The first strikes occurred shortly after the colonies were founded. After decades without incident, the great miners' strike of 1889 in the Ruhr area also spread to the Ramsbeck district. In 1897, the Ramsbeck miners were one of the first groups to join the Christian Miners' Association outside of the Ruhr area .

The economic crises after the beginning of the First World War and in the Weimar Republic also had far-reaching consequences . The Ramsbecker area was during the Great Depression declared a disaster area. This was partly linked to political radicalization. In the miners' colony of Andreasberg, over 30% voted for the KPD in the election for the Prussian state parliament in 1932 . This was by far the highest value for this party in the Arnsberg, Meschede and Brilon districts.

The coat of arms of the Ostwig manor on the church square in Ostwig

In addition to the KPD, the NSDAP was only able to gain a foothold in Bestwig late. A local group was founded on January 20, 1933 in Ostwig. SA people from the Bestwig office took part in violent clashes with communists in Freienohl.

The Center Party dominated the Bestwig office until the end of the Weimar Republic. In the second Reichstag election in 1932, 3,082 eligible voters voted for the center. The second strongest force was the KPD with 785 votes. The NSDAP followed in third place with 637 votes. The importance of the SPD was rather low with 276 votes. The other parties were even weaker. In the January 1933 election, the SPD lost 231 and KPD 582 votes. The threat to the right and left meant that the center was able to gain votes and came up with 3,224 votes. The NSDAP was also able to gain significant gains with 979 votes.

time of the nationalsocialism

At the end of the republic, the mayor of the city, Walter Spangenberg, spoke out publicly against the National Socialists and German nationals. Immediately after the start of National Socialist rule, he was given leave of absence. Center supporters were also replaced by National Socialists in the municipalities of the office. A few resisted. One of them was the communist-oriented miner Friedrich Noll from Ostwig, who was murdered by the Gestapo in Dortmund prison in 1939. One of the prominent personalities of the National Socialists was the later resistance fighter Ferdinand Freiherr von Lüninck, who was born in the Ostwig district . In 1933, after Franz von Papen's intercession with Adolf Hitler, he became Chief President of Westphalia . After the failed assassination attempt on July 20, 1944 , Lüninck was arrested at his Ostwig estate near Bestwig and executed on November 14 in the Berlin-Plötzensee prison.

School center

During the Second World War in 1942 at least one column of Jewish slave labor was employed by the railway in Bestwig. On March 5, 1945, the Protestant church in Bestwig, built in 1889, was completely destroyed by an air raid. The Second World War ended in Bestwig when the Americans occupied the place on April 7, 1945 after being fired by artillery. During the invasion, the advancing troops blew up the Ruhr bridge on the B 7 in the Alfert district .

Since the Second World War

After 1945 the Catholic Christ the King Church and the Protestant Church were rebuilt. The inauguration of the Evangelical Kreuzkirche took place on December 7, 1952. At the beginning of 1967 Karl von Wendt planned a car racing track in the Elpe valley near Gevelinghausen, the so-called Sauerlandring . The Bestwig administration contributed 10,000 DM to the share capital of the project. However, the project failed due to an objection from the state government. Two years later, with the reorganization of the school system, the primary schools in the municipality were given up. Primary and secondary schools emerged. The school center was later built in the Ostwig district. It was ready for occupancy in August 1977. In the 1970s and 1980s, the water and wastewater supply was also expanded. The town center development in Ramsbeck and Andreasberg took place after the municipal reorganization in 1975 to 1980 and subsequently in Bestwig until 1990. The new town hall was built in 1994.

Christ the King Church

Protestant church

Religions

The inhabitants of today's municipality were almost exclusively Catholic until the 19th century, as they belonged to the former Sauerland region of Cologne . Only in the course of the 19th century were members of other denominations added in significant numbers.

In 2011, 68% of the residents of the Bestwig parish were Catholic and 12% Protestant. 6% were of another faith and 13% were non-denominational.

The Jewish inhabitants belonged to the Meschede synagogue area .

As a result of the immigration of miners from Saxony and the Ore Mountains, a Protestant community was established in Ramsbeck-Andreasberg as early as 1855. Today's Petruskirche has been located there since 1879 and is still one of the oldest Protestant churches in the Sauerland.

In Bestwig, the railroad led to the formation of a Protestant community since the 1870s. The Protestant church was destroyed in a bomb attack in the last weeks of the Second World War . A barrack served as an emergency church until the 1950s. The foundation stone for the new Church of the Resurrection was laid in 1951. After the Second World War, the Protestant community had grown to 1,700 members due to the influx of evacuees and those who were expelled from the east.

The Catholic parishes in Andreasberg, Bestwig, Heringhausen, Nuttlar, Ostwig, Ramsbeck and Velmede belong to the Ruhr-Valmetal Pastoral Association. The two evangelical parishes in Andreasberg / Ramsbeck and Bestwig belong to the Soest-Arnsberg parish .

In Ramsbeck there is the Yeni Dami mosque .

Bestwig is located in the mountain monastery is a branch of the Sisters of Saint. Maria Magdalena Postel . Between 1969 and 2003 the monastery was the mother house of the order in Germany.

Incorporations

The municipality of Bestwig was created in the course of the municipal reorganization of North Rhine-Westphalia on January 1, 1975. At that time, with the exception of individual areas, the municipalities of Grimlinghausen, Heringhausen, Nuttlar, Ostwig, Ramsbeck and Velmede were merged to form the new municipality of Bestwig. Parts of the area from the municipalities of Antfeld , Gevelinghausen , Elpe , Bödefeld-Land , here from the Brabecke district and the municipality of Eversberg, were incorporated . The Bestwig office was dissolved.

Population development

date Residents 1987 11,318 1990 11,571 1991 11,821 1992 11,912 1993 11,929 1994 11,938

date Residents 1995 12,148 1996 12,281 1997 12,265 1998 12,107 1999 12,063 2000 12,013

date Residents December 31, 2001 12,000 2002 11,908 2003 11,833 2004 11,773 December 31, 2005 11,812 June 30, 2006 11,685

date Residents June 30, 2008 11,371 June 30, 2009 11,266 December 31, 2010 11,285 December 31, 2012 11,446 30th of June 2013 11,249

Parts of the municipality were at times a preferred destination for immigrants. This is especially true during the mining boom of the 1850s. But even after the Second World War, mining attracted numerous migrant workers. The proportion of foreign residents is still above average and is 11.5%. The corresponding figure for Schmallenberg is 5.2%, for the Hochsauerlandkreis 6.8% and for the state of North Rhine-Westphalia 10.6%.

While Bestwig still had an above-average population development until the end of the 1990s, this has changed since 1997. The population figures have decreased even more than in the Hochsauerlandkreis as a whole. With regard to migration in the last few decades, Bestwig shows a negative trend in addition to Hallenberg in the Hochsauerlandkreis. Hiking destinations within the district are the centers of Meschede , Brilon and Arnsberg . These are also the preferred commuter destinations. Taking demographic change into account, the population development is forecast to be −6.04% up to 2020. This would be a significantly higher population loss than the average for the Hochsauerlandkreis (−3.42%) or North Rhine-Westphalia (−1.83%).

politics

Town hall in Bestwig

Municipal council

The council of the community of Bestwig has 26 members and for decades consisted of the CDU and SPD parliamentary groups . The only exception during this time is the Junge Liste Bestwig (JLB); a spin-off of young members of the CDU Bestwig. The JLB achieved 21.5% of the votes in the local elections in 1989 and moved into the local council with seven seats. As a result of the dispute in the conservative camp, Hans-Georg Meyer became the first social democratic mayor of the municipality of Bestwig. Since 1999 the CDU has provided the mayor again.

In 2014 the Pirate Party Germany won a mandate in the local council. For the first time since the Second World War, a third party made it into the local council.

Results of the local elections

In the local elections in 1999, 2004, 2009 and 2014, the parties won the following voting shares and number of seats in the city council.

Voting shares year CDU SPD Pirates 1999 56.6 43.4 - 2004 62.1 37.9 - 2009 61.7 38.3 - 2014 57.2 39.5 [00]2.6

Distribution of seats year CDU SPD PIRATES 1999 15th 11 - 2004 17th 10 - [00]2009 17th 11 - 2014 16 11 1

The turnout in the 2014 local elections was 55.72 percent, which is lower than the turnout during the previous legislative period (59.6 percent at the time).

Results of the state and federal elections

In the last state and federal elections, the parties in Bestwig received the following votes:

Political party	State election 2005	Bundestag election 2005	Bundestag election 2009	State election 2010	Bundestag election 2013
CDU	55.8%	44.3%	41.2%	45.7%	53.4%
SPD	32.5%	37.8%	28.6%	33.2%	34.6%
FDP	04.4%	08.0%	13.1%	05.2%	01.2%
The green	02.7%	03.4%	05.4%	06.4%	03.3%
The left	[00] 0(0.5%)	03.7%	07.7%	03.8%	03.3%
Others	01.9%	02.7%	03.4%	05.5%	02.5%

The turnout in the 2010 state elections was 62.5 percent.

Mayor / Head of Department

Mayor 1945–1946: Wilhelm Henke 1946–1948: Anton Bamfaste 1948–1960: Karl Momper 1960–1961: Hans Nölke 1961–1964: Josef Hücker 1964–1969: Georg Steinberg 1969–1974: Gottfried Freiherr von Lüninck Official directors 1945–1946: Albert Klein (full-time mayor, appointed by the military government) 1947–1956: Franz Keseberg 1956–1971: Anton Dröge 1971–1974: Werner Vorderwülbecke

mayor 1975–1989: Karl Senge (CDU) 1989–1999: Hans-Georg Meyer (SPD) 1999–2005: Christof Sommer (CDU) (first full-time mayor) since 2005: Ralf Péus (CDU) Community directors 1975–1993: Werner Vorderwülbecke 1994–1999: Franz Josef Esser Honorary Mayor Karl Senge (* 1926, † March 8, 2001); from 1975 to 1989 mayor of Bestwig, before that (1967–1974) mayor of Ramsbeck; Title honorary mayor since 1989

coat of arms

Blazon : a blue St. Andrew's cross in silver.

Description: The St. Andrew's cross in the coat of arms indicates the patron saint of the Velmed parish church, the Apostle Andrew . The colors silver (white) and blue represent belonging to the former county of Arnsberg. The official approval took place on February 25, 1977.

Town twinning

The community maintains contacts with the communities Niederorschel in Thuringia and Niederwiesa in Saxony . The friendly relations with the partner community Niederwiesa arose at the beginning of 1990 through the help of the community Bestwig in establishing the local self-government of Niederwiesa. The partnership relationship with the Niederorschel community also dates back to 1990. At that time there were contacts between the Niederorscheler church choir St. Marien and the choir in Bestwig-Velmede, which were followed by mutual visits.

Culture and sights

Various rooms are used for cultural events. The Bürgersaal in the town hall has a stage with lighting technology and offers space for 400 people. Smaller events such as readings, exhibitions and musical performances take place in the foyer or in the citizens' meeting place of the town hall, in the customer hall of the Sparkasse, in the greenhouse of the Droste nursery and in the Junkern Hof meeting place in Ramsbeck. There is a stage for music concerts and cabaret in the Schützenhalle in the Velmede district. The Trinity Church in the mountain monastery is also used for events.

In addition to other associations, the voluntary association Kultur pur has been organizing all kinds of cultural events since 1989. With its own theater group consisting of around 20 people aged 5 to 55, in 2004 he revived the Black Theater with special UV light .

Fort Fun Adventure Land

Ramsbeck ore mine (winding tower and museum entrance)

Museums

The former Ramsbeck ore mine is a mining museum. In addition to visiting the exhibition, a trip underground is also possible.

Buildings

There are 66 monuments in the municipality. The list of monuments in Bestwig lists all the monuments with a short description.

The old Ramsbeck grain mill , also known as the Ramsbeck water mill , dates from around 1600 and used to have three water wheels and grinding aisles. It was the only one of its kind in Westphalia-Lippe. The interior was last renewed in 1810, the mill technology last around 1860. Milling was carried out in the mill until it was closed in 1958. In 1983 it was listed as a historical monument . In 2014, after the first phase of the restoration, it was inaugurated with a new grinding stand and put into operation as a foam mill.

The Ostwig house in the Ostwig district was expanded into a manor in the 15th century. It was mentioned as a feudal estate as early as 1200 in a document from the Meschede monastery. The building, which was converted into a two-story mansion in 1670, is privately owned.

On the mountain Stüppel in 2001 in Fort Fun Adventure Land by the operator and a mobile operator, a 57 meter high steel lattice tower of the so-called Stüppelturm built. The opening took place on April 29, 2001. From the viewing platform at a height of 30 meters you have a wide view of the surrounding Sauerland. The tower serves as a station for cellular networks .

See also : List of ground monuments in Bestwig

Nature and landscape protection

Since May 20, 2008, there has been a landscape plan for the Bestwig municipality in which the areas outside the built-up districts and the scope of a development plan have been designated as landscape protection areas, provided that there is no higher protection status such as a nature reserve (NSG).

The landscape protection areas are divided into types A, B and C, in which different requirements for the protection of nature must be observed. In the landscape protection area type A, general landscape protection , the erection of buildings is prohibited. In type B, locations on the outskirts and in the character of a landscape , first afforestation, including new Christmas tree cultures, is prohibited. In the case of type C, meadow valleys and significant extensive grassland, there is also a ban on converting grassland and fallow grassland. Of the type A landscape protection area, there is only the large-scale Bestwig landscape protection area with 4912.1 hectares (ha) in the municipality . Type B has 10 areas with a total of 622.3 hectares, which are between 6.5 and 200.9 hectares in size. Type C has six areas with 101.7 hectares, which are between 4.9 and 49.7 hectares in size.

The north of the municipality is part of the Arnsberg Forest Nature Park from the Ruhr .

Plästerlegge

There are a total of 32 nature reserves of various sizes, covering a total of 442 hectares. In the NSG Plästerlegge - Auf'm Kipp is the Plästerlegge , which in the Low German dialect means, for example, Plätscherfelsen. The Plästerlegge is the highest natural waterfall in North Rhine-Westphalia with a drop of around 20 meters. At least some of the Lörmeckal , Ruhrtal, the mining dumps near Ramsbeck , the caves and tunnels near Olsberg and Bestwig and the ravine forests near Elpe are designated as European protected areas ( FFH areas ). The large FFH areas, which often consist of several sub-areas, usually comprise several nature reserves and areas of other protection categories. The Plästerlegge belongs to the FFH area Schluchtwälder near Elpe . There are numerous rare plant species that have been adapted to this habitat. In the FFH area Halden near Ramsbeck there are extremely rare heavy metal lawns with a special heavy metal vegetation consisting of mosses , lichens and plants that thrive on the heavy metal-containing heap material, including several thousand plants of Haller's foam cress .

In the FFH area caves and tunnels near Olsberg and Bestwig , which consists of ten sub-areas, there are ten caves or tunnels, including the Veleda cave . The caves and tunnels are winter quarters for bats . The 50 to 100 specimens each of the great mouse-eared bat and the pond bat are noteworthy , although the population fluctuates slightly from year to year. The pond bats come from the Netherlands to winter in the Sauerland. The Veledahöhle is the only permanent headquarters of the Northern bat in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW). The northern bat has its core and range in this protected area in North Rhine-Westphalia. There are also cave-dwelling cave invertebrates in the area.

Reservoir Alfert run-of-river power plant

In the municipal area there are also 25 protected landscape components with 25.5 hectares, 134 legally protected biotopes with approx. 151 hectares, which are also in areas of other protection categories, and 13 natural monuments . Six natural monuments are old individual trees or remarkable groups of trees, while the other 7 natural monuments are rocks with an area of ​​5.87 hectares. Among the areas designated as protected landscape components is the Venetian tunnel, which is also protected as a ground monument. Further ground monuments are the Veleda cave, also NSG, and the cemetery at Schlinksiepenkopf.

In addition to other bird species, the large bird species black stork , eagle owl and red kite occur in Bestwig .

sport and freetime

In Bestwig there are seven sports fields, five gyms, five tennis courts, an indoor swimming pool and 22 sports clubs. The Fort Fun amusement park operates an anchor lift and a chair lift in Wasserfall . The community area is touched , among other things, by the Astenweg long-distance hiking trail . The Bestwiger Panoramaweg leads over the heights of the Bestwig holiday area. The RuhrtalRadweg also leads through Bestwig.

In Nuttlar, one of the most important hill climbs in Germany took place between 1965 and 1984 with the ADAC Sauerland Mountain Prize .

The main hiking route Friedrich-Wilhelm-Grimme-Weg leads from Arnsberg via Bestwig to Olsberg to the Bruchhauser Steinen .

Regular events

Shooting festivals take place in several villages every year. Session carnival is also celebrated in some districts. There is only a carnival parade in Heringhausen. The Bestwiger Kultursommer Kultur pur has been taking place since 1989. The Sielmann Nature Ranger Team Bestwig, which was set up in April 1997, has been running regular bat safaris since 2003, starting in the Ostwig district. After a short hike, not only children and young people learn interesting facts about bats in a playful way under the motto See but do not disturb .

Economy and Infrastructure

Economic history

See also : Mining in the Sauerland

In addition to agriculture and forestry, mining has played a major role, especially in Ramsbeck and Andreasberg, since the 19th century. In Nuttlar, slate mining had a great boom in the 19th century. A traditional company in Nuttlar was a schnapps distillery with the brand Ganz Alter Schneider until 2005 . It still exists, but is no longer produced on site.

In Bestwig itself, the railway depot was of great importance. The operator of the Ruhr Valley Railway, the Bergisch-Märkische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft , built a locomotive station in Bestwig in 1873. In 1918, the plant was expanded and started operations in 1924. Since 1968 it was a branch of the Hagen depot and lost its importance in 1982. The turntable and the roof of the roundhouse were removed.

In addition to the long-distance railway, there was the 750-millimeter narrow-gauge railway, the so-called little train. It started working from Ramsbeck to Bestwig in 1897. The route led from Bestwig train station along the Valme via Heringhausen to Ramsbeck. In 1952 the railway was shut down and the tracks dismantled.

The ore mine in Ramsbeck was closed in 1974 and the railway depot in 1981. Slate mining stopped in 1984. There were many other mines in Bestwig .

Economic structure

The loss of jobs was partially offset by the settlement of smaller companies, including those in vehicle construction and foundries. The largest employer is the company Tital, a joint venture founded in 1974 by Honsel and W. C. Heraeus with products made of titanium and aluminum alloys. A branch of M. Busch from the neighboring Meschede-Wehrstapel has existed since 1890 . In the districts of Alfert and Velmede there are two run-of-river power plants owned by RWE Innogy .

In 2002, a total of 2891 jobs subject to social insurance were counted. The largest part (987) of this was in the manufacturing sector. 772 people were employed in the service sector (excluding public administration) and 319 in trade. In 2002, only around 100 people were employed in the formerly strong transport sector (rail).

Although Bestwig has a nationally significant leisure facility with Fort Fun , the overall importance of tourism is limited. The number of overnight stays per 1000 inhabitants is 9167. This is significantly more than in NRW as a whole (2129), but less than in the Hochsauerlandkreis (12694) or in Schmallenberg (23633).

traffic

Bestwig is located on the A 46 and the L 776. The federal road 7 , which had previously run through the town, was downgraded to state road 743 after the opening of the motorway extension at the end of 2019 until shortly before Olsberg. The newly built Nuttlar viaduct with a height of 115 m has been the highest viaduct in North Rhine-Westphalia since the A 46 was opened.

Rail / local public transport

Bestwig train station

DB class 628 in Bestwig station

Signal box bw

The station is important as a junction between two routes. The Sauerland Express (RE 17 ) runs on the Upper Ruhr Valley Railway (to Hagen , Dortmund and Warburg , Kassel ), and the Dortmund-Sauerland Express (RE 57) (Dortmund Hbf - Fröndenberg - Neheim - on the Nuttlar – Frankenberg line to Winterberg ) Hüsten - Arnsberg - Meschede - Bestwig (- Brilon Forest - Brilon City) - Siedlinghausen - Winterberg).

Until the beginning of the 1980s, Bestwig had its own depot with a round shed and turntable, which was converted into a branch of the Hagen depot on May 1, 1982 and later completely closed. The water tower and water crane of the facility were placed under monument protection.

In terms of local public transport, the municipality of Bestwig is mainly served by three RegioBus lines. They connect the individual districts with each other and establish the connection to the surrounding communities. In addition, there are two citizen bus lines, a taxi bus line and a night bus line. Within the municipality of Bestwig, the tariff of the Verkehrsgemeinschaft Ruhr-Lippe applies . The transports are carried out by Regionalverkehr Ruhr-Lippe and Westfalenbus GmbH or by subcontractors commissioned by the companies.

Bus routes within the municipality of Bestwig:

• R 74 (Brilon Markt -) Nuttlar - Ostwig - Bestwig - Velmede (- Meschede)
• R 75 (Olsberg -) Ostwig - Nuttlar - Bestwig - Velmede (- Meschede)
• 471 Bestwig - Heringhausen - Ramsbeck - Andreasberg - waterfall
• B 1 Bestwig - Velmede - Föckinghausen
• B 2 Bestwig - Velmede - Halbeswig - Berlar - Ramsbeck - Obervalme - Untervalme
• T 73 Berlar - Halbeswig - Nierbachtal (- Meschede)
• N 3 (Olsberg -) Ostwig - Nuttlar - Bestwig - Velmede (- Arnsberg)

air traffic

The nearest commercial airports are Dortmund Airport and Paderborn / Lippstadt Airport .

media

In the Bestwig to appear as daily newspapers with local output WAZ media group belonging Westfalenpost and Westfälische Rundschau . In addition, the free Sauerland courier appears on Wednesdays and Sundays . The local radio is served by Radio Sauerland via the transmitter location Meschede.

education

Vocational college and mountain monastery Bestwig

There are a total of nine kindergartens or day-care centers in the districts of the municipality. Primary schools exist in Velmede, Ramsbeck and Nuttlar. The Bestwig school center in the Ostwig district consists of a community secondary school and a secondary school. In Ostwig there is also a special school with a focus on learning. Sponsored by the Sisters of St. Maria Magdalena Postel is home to the Bergkloster vocational college and the training academy for therapeutic professions. The Hochsauerland adult education center also offers courses in Bestwig.

Personalities

Honorary citizen

The honorary citizenship was awarded to:

• Heinrich Lübke (he was the second Federal President of the Federal Republic of Germany from 1959 to 1969)
• Wilhelmine Lübke (his wife, who was born in Ramsbeck, became an honorary citizen of the Ramsbeck community in 1964)
• Franz Cardinal Hengsbach (born September 10, 1910 in Velmede, † June 24, 1991 in Essen ), Bishop of Essen

sons and daughters of the town

Bestwig was the birthplace of some well-known personalities. Belong to those born in the church

• Ernst von Bodelschwingh the Elder (born November 26, 1794 in Velmede, † May 18, 1854 in Medebach), politician, Prussian finance minister
• Wilhelm Kathol (born November 1, 1854 in Berlar, † April 24, 1944 in Thalfang im Hunsrück) was a German technician and chemist.
• Eduard Dransfeld (born November 6, 1883 in Bestwig, † January 22, 1964 in Groß-Rohrheim) was a German officer, most recently General of the Air Force Aviators in World War II
• Ferdinand Freiherr von Lüninck (born August 3, 1888 in Ostwig, † November 14, 1944 in Berlin-Plötzensee , executed), was a German nobleman, officer and politician (DNVP) and resistance fighter against National Socialism.
• Hermann Freiherr von Lüninck (born May 3, 1893 in Ostwig, † May 16, 1975 in Alsbach near Engelskirchen) was a German administrative lawyer and agricultural functionary.
• Gottfried Hoberg (born November 9, 1857 in Heringhausen; † January 19, 1924 in Freiburg im Breisgau) was a Catholic theologian, philologist, priest and university professor.
• Franz Hoffmeister (born March 22, 1898 in Ramsbeck, † March 27, 1943 in Holthausen), co-founder of the Sauerland Heimatbund
• Franz Cardinal Hengsbach (born September 10, 1910 in Velmede, † June 24, 1991 in Essen ), Bishop of Essen
• Florentine Mütherich (born January 26, 1915 in Bestwig; † June 12, 2015 in Munich) was a German art historian who dealt particularly with the illumination of the early Middle Ages.
• Günter Luther (born March 17, 1922 in Bestwig, Westphalia, † May 31, 1997 in Kiel), Admiral of the Federal Navy and Inspector of the Navy
• Martin Wendt (born March 24, 1935 in Velmede; † September 8, 2010), politician (SPD), member of the Bundestag from 1965 to 1980
• Karl-Josef Müller (born March 31, 1937 in Ostwig; † April 20, 2001 in Mainz), composer and musicologist
• Hans Josef Rath (born May 24, 1947 in Nuttlar; † September 4, 2012 in Wilstedt), Professor of Technical Mechanics and Fluid Mechanics, Space Technology and Microgravity at the University of Bremen
• Theo Bücker (born July 10, 1948 in Bestwig) is a former German Bundesliga soccer player and coach.
• Christof Sommer (born May 18, 1965 in Nuttlar) was Mayor of Bestwig from 1999 to 2005 and has been Mayor of Lippstadt since 2005
• Franky Kubrick (born November 17, 1980, real name Frank Werker) is a rapper living in Stuttgart

Personalities who have worked on site

Other personalities were not born in the community, but they are closely connected to Bestwig through their life, work and work. That includes

• Wilhelm Seel (born August 15, 1816 in Siegen, † August 15, 1875 in Ramsbeck) was the mining and steel works director in Ramsbeck.
• Hans Max Philipp von Beust (born May 25, 1820 in Moderwitz; † April 2, 1889) was operations and factory director in Ramsbeck at the time of the mining boom in the 1850s.
• August Disselhoff (born November 25, 1829 in Soest; † March 9, 1903 in Allstedt) was a Protestant clergyman and assistant preacher in the community of Ramsbeck-Andreasberg from 1855.
• August Beule (born November 27, 1867 in Elpe, † December 24, 1923 in Ramsbeck) was a master shoemaker and poet in Ramsbeck
• Carl Haber (born January 8, 1833 in Worbis, † May 17, 1914 in Bonn) was the mining and steel works director in Ramsbeck
• Elisabeth Freifrau von Lüninck (* November 2, 1932; † July 6, 2019) long-time chairwoman of the Caritas Association Meschede
• Dagmar Schmidt (born April 8, 1948 in Herten; † November 9, 2005 in Siegen), politician ( SPD ), member of the Bundestag from 1994 to 2005. She was a teacher in Bestwig.

literature

• Richard Götte: Flora in the eastern Sauerland, distribution maps for all fern and flowering plants in the area of ​​the cities of Brilon, Marsberg, Olsberg, Winterberg, Medebach, Marsberg and the municipality of Bestwig . Ed .: Association for nature and bird protection in the Hochsauerlandkreis . 2007, ISBN 978-3-00-021099-0 .
• Heimatbund of the community Bestwig e. V. (Ed.): An Ruhr, Valme and Elpe - local history contributions from the villages of the community of Bestwig . 2007.
• Hochsauerlandkreis - Lower Landscape Authority (Hrsg.): Landscape plan Bestwig . 2008 ( hochsauerlandkreis.de [PDF; 915 kB ]).
• Theodor Tochtrop: 100 years of the Bestwig depot 1873–1973 . 1973.
• Association for nature and bird protection in the HSK e. V. (Ed.): Handbook of nature: fauna and flora in the Hochsauerland . 1998, ISBN 3-00-003345-9 .

Web links

Commons : Bestwig  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

• Website of the municipality of Bestwig
• Bestwig in the Westphalia Culture Atlas

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Population of the municipalities of North Rhine-Westphalia on December 31, 2019 - update of the population based on the census of May 9, 2011. State Office for Information and Technology North Rhine-Westphalia (IT.NRW), accessed on June 17, 2020 .   ( Help on this )
2. ↑ ^{a b c d} Hochsauerlandkreis (Hrsg.): Landscape plan Bestwig . ( hochsauerlandkreis.de [PDF; accessed on May 20, 2010]).
3. ^ Wolters Partner: Land use plan. Explanatory report 2005 . Ed .: Bestwig municipality. 2005, p. 18 ( eps-forum.de [PDF; accessed on May 20, 2010]).
4. ↑ Topographic map 1: 25,000
5. ↑ Homepage of the community of Bestwig ( Memento of March 10, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
6. ↑ Main statutes of the municipality of Bestwig (as of November 6, 2009): § 3 Division of the municipality into localities  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Accessed: February 28, 2010  
7. ^ Paul Leidinger: On the Christianization of the Cologne Westphalia south of the Lippe . In: Harm Klueting (Ed.): The Duchy of Westphalia . tape 1 . Aschendorff, Münster 2009, ISBN 978-3-402-12827-5 , pp. 52 .
8. ^ Harm Klueting : The Electoral Cologne Duchy of Westphalia as spiritual territory in the 16th and 18th centuries . In: Harm Klueting (Ed.): The Duchy of Westphalia . tape 1 . Aschendorff, Münster 2009, ISBN 978-3-402-12827-5 , pp. 483 .
9. ↑ Martin Straßburger: Archeology of the Ramsbeck mining industry . In: Reinhard Köhne, Wilfried Reininghaus, Thomas Stöllner (eds.): Mining in the Sauerland: Westphalian mining in Roman times and in the early Middle Ages . Verlag des Westfälischen Heimatbundes, Münster 2006, ISBN 978-3-928052-12-2 , p. 58–82 (= writings of the Historical Commission for Westphalia, 20).
10. ↑ It goes back to the engineer Heinrich Quiring, who speculated about it in 1936 due to the narrowness and low height of the tunnel (Zeitschrift für das Berg-, Hütten- und Salinenwesen, Volume 84 (1936), p. 126).
11. ^ Ramsbeck Historical Mining Museum ( Memento from February 18, 2010 in the Internet Archive ).
12. ^ Wilfried Reininghaus: Salt pans, mines and smelting works, trade and commerce in the Duchy of Westphalia. In: Harm Klueting (Ed.): The Duchy of Westphalia. Vol. 1: The Cologne Duchy of Westphalia from the beginnings of Cologne rule in southern Westphalia to secularization in 1803. Münster, 2009 p. 742
13. ^ Bernward Selter: Agriculture, Forest Use and Forestry in the Duchy of Westphalia. In: Harm Klueting (Ed.): The Duchy of Westphalia. Vol. 1: The Cologne Duchy of Westphalia from the beginnings of Cologne's rule in southern Westphalia to secularization in 1803. Münster, 2009 p. 780
14. ^ History ( Memento from November 30, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Bestwig.de, accessed on October 27, 2015.
15. ^ Reinhard Köhne: The industrial settlements in the Ramsbecker Bergland . In: Günther Becker (Ed.): Sauerland - Siegerland - Wittgensteiner Land. Annual meeting of the Geographical Commission in Olpe 1989 . Münster 1989, p. 101–111 (= Spieker, No. 33).
16. ↑ Jens Hahnwald: "Black brothers in red underwear ..." Workers 'and workers' movement in the districts of Arnsberg, Brilon and Meschede. In: Karl-Peter Ellerbrock / Tanja Bessler-Worbs (ed.): Economy and society in south-eastern Westphalia. Dortmund, 2001. pp. 237-254, pp. 274f.
17. ^ Alfred Bruns: The Gau Westfalen-Süd. In: Alfred Bruns, Michael Senger (editor): The swastika in the Sauerland. Slate mining local museum, Schmallenberg-Holthausen 1988 p. 34
18. ↑ Centralvolksblatt 153/1932
19. ↑ Centralvolksblatt 54/1933 and 55/1933
20. ↑ Ottilie Knepper-Babilon / Hannelie Kaiser-Löffler: Resistance to National Socialism in the Sauerland. Brilon, 2003 p. 25
21. ↑ Michael Senger: A completely normal death certificate. In: In: Alfred Bruns, Michael Senger (editor): The swastika in the Sauerland. Slate mining local museum, Schmallenberg-Holthausen 1988 p. 315ff.
22. ↑ cf. Patrick Sensburg : Ferdinand Freiherr von Lüninck . In: The great lawyers of the Sauerland. Arnsberg 2002, pp. 231-240.
23. ^ Rudolf Brüschke: Strangers - Fellow Citizens - Persecuted. In: Jewish life in the Hochsauerland. Fredeburg, 1994 p. 230
24. ^ Albert Huyskens: The district of Meschede under the fire roller of the Second World War. Bielefeld 1949, p. 57.
25. ^ History of Ostwig, accessed on May 12, 2010  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
26. ^ Bernhard Göbel / Ferdinand Tönne / Theodor Tochtrop: The upper Sauerland. Land und Menschen, Bigge 1966, p. 177.
27. ↑ Franz-Josef Brüggemeier , Jens Ivo Engels (ed.): Nature and environmental protection after 1945 - concepts, conflicts, competencies (history of nature and environmental protection), The project of a Sauerlandring, p. 116 ff. ( Google Books ), Campus Verlag, 2005, ISBN 3-593-37731-4
28. ↑ 2011 census, population in regional comparison by religion (detailed) -in% -, extrapolation from the household sample, reporting date: May 9, 2011, accessed: July 24, 2019
29. ^ Construction of the Meschede synagogue ( Memento from December 31, 2005 in the Internet Archive )
30. ↑ Ev. Community of Ramsbeck and Andreasberg ( Memento from August 15, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
31. ↑ Ev. Bestwig municipality ( Memento from December 2, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
32. ↑ Bernd Schulte: From the archives of the Sauerland, Volume 1 , Verlag Podszun Brilon, 1991, ISBN 3-923448-78-3 , pages 30 and 31
33. ↑ Martin Bünermann, Heinz Köstering: The communities and districts after the municipal territorial reform in North Rhine-Westphalia . Deutscher Gemeindeverlag, Cologne 1975, ISBN 3-555-30092-X .
34. ↑ rechts.nrw.de: § 10 Sauerland / Paderborn law
35. ↑ census result
36. ↑ Source 1990–2006: State Office for Data Processing and Statistics North Rhine-Westphalia
37. ↑ ^{a b c d} Social room study Bergkloster Bestwig  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
38. ↑ Economic and demographic framework conditions for the HSK ( Memento from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 486 kB)
39. ↑ 1999 local elections, accessed on February 12, 2010
40. ↑ Local elections 1975 to 2009, accessed on February 12, 2010
41. ↑ 2014 local elections, accessed on June 4, 2014
42. ↑ Citcomm.de - municipal Bestwig .
43. ↑ State Returning Officer NRW According to the municipality's website, the CDU has 18 seats (as of January 13, 2014)
44. ↑ 2014 voter turnout, accessed on June 4, 2014
45. ↑ KDVZ 2009 accessed on May 28, 2010 ( Memento from September 22, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
46. ^ KDVZ - Landtag election 2005 ( Memento from November 2, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
47. ↑ KDVZ - Bundestag election 2005 second votes ( Memento from June 29, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
48. ↑ KDVZ - Bundestag election 2009 second votes
49. ↑ KDVZ - state election 2010  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
50. ↑ Bundestag election 2013
51. ↑ In the 2005 state elections, the PDS and WASG competed separately. Together they received 2.7% of the vote.
52. ^ Karl Senge: History
53. ^ Eduard Belke, Alfred Bruns, Helmut Müller: Kommunale Wappen des Herzogtums Westfalen, Arnsberg 1986, p. 48 ISBN 3-87793-017-4 .
54. ↑ Niederwiesa: Our partner community Bestwig ( Memento from April 6, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
55. ↑ St. Marien Church Choir: Distinctive points from the foundation to the present ( memento of the original from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
56. ↑ Pure culture Bestwig: event locations
57. ↑ Pure culture - "We about us" ( Memento from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
58. ^ North Rhine-Westphalia Foundation for Nature Conservation, Heritage and Cultural Preservation: Grant for the restoration of the old Ramsbeck grain mill
59. ↑ Mills in Westphalia-Lippe: DMT No. 102: Watermill Ramsbeck (PDF; 101 kB)
60. ↑ Castles, palaces and mansions in Westphalia: Haus Ostwig ( Memento from January 9, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
61. ↑ Bestwig.de: Stüppelturm ( Memento from October 26, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
62. ↑ Sports facilities in Bestwig accessed on February 21, 2010  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
63. ^ Sports clubs in Bestwig accessed on February 21, 2010 ( Memento from August 29, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
64. ↑ Homepage Bestwiger Panoramaweg accessed on February 23, 2010 ( Memento from May 10, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
65. ↑ Friedrich Wilhelm Grimme-Weg accessed on February 23, 2010  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 1.4 MB)  
66. ↑ KCM-Heringhausen accessed on February 22, 2010
67. ↑ Bestwiger Kultursommer - Pure culture accessed on February 22, 2010 (PDF; 4.7 MB)  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
68. ↑ Sielmanns Natur-Ranger: Team Bestwig ( Memento from November 21, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
69. ↑ Ramsbeck.de - Little Bähnchen accessed on March 16, 2010 ( Memento from November 11, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
70. ↑ RWE power plant list accessed on May 17, 2010 ( Memento from January 5, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
71. ^ Peter Kracht: Sauerland, Siegerland and Wittgensteiner Land, Münster, ISBN 3-402-05497-3 , pp. 58f.
72. ↑ Project description of the Nuttlar viaduct
73. ^ Bestwig – Winterberg route: Bestwig depot (Bw Bestwig) Accessed: February 28, 2010
74. ↑ Railway Directorate Essen (railway statistics): Timeline: May 1, 1982 ( Memento of October 29, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
75. ↑ Land use plan of the municipality of Bestwig (explanatory report 2005): 7.11.3 Determinations according to the Monument Protection Act , p. 83. (PDF; 1.3 MB) Accessed: February 28, 2010
76. ↑ Distribution areas Sauerlandkurier ( Memento from May 3, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
77. ^ LfM - Local radio in North Rhine-Westphalia: stations and areas of distribution ( Memento from April 27, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
78. ↑ Homepage Vocational College Bergkloster accessed on June 3, 2010

This version was added to the list of articles worth reading on June 14, 2010 .