Andreasberg (Bestwig)

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Andreasberg
Bestwig municipality
Andreasberg coat of arms
Coordinates: 51 ° 19 ′ 30 ″  N , 8 ° 25 ′ 52 ″  E
Height : 493 m
Residents : 494  (Jun 30, 2012)
Postal code : 59909
map
Andreasberg

Andreasberg is a part of the municipality of Bestwig . On June 30, 2012, Andreasberg had 494 inhabitants. The place is 493 m above sea level. NN. It was founded as a miners' colony in 1854 and was characterized by mining until 1974. Even today, the miners' settlement is largely recognizable and preserved.

history

19th century

The place was founded as a miners colony in the course of the mining boom in 1854/55 . The proximity of the Aurora ore mine, which was mentioned as the Klingenborn mine as early as the 16th century, played an important role for the location. In 1759, three families of miners lived at the Dörnberg mine, which also belongs to Andreasberg.

The name of the town, founded in 1854, goes back to the president of the mining company Andre Köchlin. According to other information, it is based on Sankt Andreasberg in the Harz Mountains , as numerous miners and their families were recruited from this area. The place was built in a very short time to accommodate 300 families. At that time, the place had 40 houses, each with space for eight apartments. There was also a little land for self-sufficiency. The place was planned as an elongated street village, groups of houses oriented across the street completed the picture. Since almost all the houses were on slopes, the half-timbered walls rested on rubble-stone plinths. The compartments were lined with air-dried adobe bricks and boarded on the outside to protect them from moisture. These workers' houses, each with four apartments, were 10 × 30 meters in size and accessed through a total of four entrances, which were located on the side of the courtyard facing away from the street. Some of these single-story houses burned down and were replaced by two-story buildings of roughly the same size.

The houses in the village were owned by the mining company for a long time and only became the property of the miners in the 20th century.

After the partial collapse of society, most of the miners left again. When the company stabilized again, miners migrated again since 1856, this time mainly from the Sauerland , Wittgensteiner Land and Siegerland . The first school was also built at this time.

Due to immigration from Protestant areas, a Protestant community for Ramsbeck and Andreasberg was formed in a predominantly Catholic environment as early as 1855 . A first Protestant church was built in 1879. In the 1880s, the local rifle club and a choral club came into being. It was not until 1906 that the Stolberger Zink mining company had a Catholic chapel built at its own expense.

The living conditions of the miners were extremely difficult. Most of them died between the ages of 35 and 40. Because of the high number of widows and orphans, Andreasberg was counted among the "widow villages" in the Ramsbeck district.

Until 1910 the colonies of Andreasberg and Dörnberg belonged politically to the municipality of Heringhausen , then to the municipality of Ramsbeck. As in the past, miners went on strike in 1910. Due to the low wages and poor living and working conditions, more and more families moved away.

20./21. century

St. Barbara Church

In 1920, twenty miners from Austria and others from the Siegerland were recruited. The residents also suffered from high unemployment during high inflation and the global economic crisis .

In 1937 12 new settlement houses were built. The “black quarter” from the early days of the town, which had fallen into disrepute, was almost completely demolished. During this time immigrants came from Upper Silesia . From 1956, the company's own houses were offered to the miners for sale, but initially only a few could afford them. In the following period, the place experienced an upswing with new buildings. A kindergarten was established and in 1963 the new Protestant church and the Catholic St. Barbara Church , built in 1905 and expanded from 1962 to 1963, were consecrated. A memorial for those who died in the first and second war was also erected. After the primary school closed in 1973, the children attend the primary school in Ramsbeck and the secondary schools in Bestwig or the grammar schools in Meschede .

Mining remained the village's main source of income until the end of Ramsbeck's mining in 1974. The end of mining was largely socially acceptable. Some miners found work in other mines, others switched to other professions or took early retirement. An old single home of the mining company was converted into a retirement home in 1983. Since 1985 a memorial plaque has been commemorating the miners who were killed at work.

The Carl-Haber-Stollen, named after Carl Haber, a mining director of the 19th century, is a reminder of the mining past . In addition to a display board and a cart, you can look into the historical tunnel.

There is an evangelical youth village and a youth center supported by both denominations.

literature

  • Volker Caesar The historic miners' settlement Andreasberg, Hochsauerlandkreis in Westphalia Booklets for history, art and folklore Aschendorffsche Verlagsbuchhandlung Münster, 67th volume 1989 ISSN  0043-4337

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Municipality of Bestwig: Brochure information of the municipality of Bestwig , edition 2012, page 37.
  2. ↑ a b Volker Caesar The historical miners' settlement Andreasberg, Hochsauerlandkreis in Westphalia Booklets for history, art and folklore, Aschendorffsche Verlagsbuchhandlung Münster, 67th volume 1989 ISSN  0043-4337 page 298
  3. ^ Reinhard Köhne: The industrial settlements in the Ramsbecker Bergland. In: Günther Becker (Ed.): Sauerland-Siegerland-Wittgensteiner Land. Annual meeting of the Geographical Commission in Olpe 1989. Münster, 1989 pp. 101–111
  4. ^ Evangelical Congregation Ramsbeck-Andreasberg ( Memento from August 15, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  5. ↑ Jens Hahnwald: Black Brothers in Red Undergarments. Workers and labor movement in the Arnsberg, Brilon and Meschede districts. In: Karl-Peter Ellerbrock / Tanja Bessler-Worbs (ed.): Economy and society in south-eastern Westphalia. Dortmund, 2001 p. 250
  6. ↑ Carl-Haber-Stollen ( Memento from November 28, 2010 in the Internet Archive )

Web links

Commons : Andreasberg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files