Nuttlar

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Nuttlar
Bestwig municipality
Coat of arms of Nuttlar
Coordinates: 51 ° 22 ′ 13 ″  N , 8 ° 25 ′ 29 ″  E
Height : 306 m
Residents : 1664  (Jun 30, 2012)
Incorporation : 1st January 1975
Postal code : 59909
Area code : 02904
map
Church of St. Anna in Nuttlar

Nuttlar is a district of the municipality of Bestwig in the northern Hochsauerlandkreis (North Rhine-Westphalia). On June 30, 2012, Nuttlar had 1664 inhabitants.

geography

Nuttlar is located south of the Arnsberg Forest Nature Park . The Ruhr and the Schlehdornbach flow through the place.

Although Nuttlar is a district of Bestwig, the settlements of Grimlinghausen , Am Roh and Am Dümel that are not connected to the main village are also included.

history

middle Ages

Dorfstrasse in Nuttlar, around 1900

In the ninth century was on the clock hill above the present village probably the Miss Castle . It would have belonged to a series of refuges in the Upper Ruhr Valley , each of which had visual contact with one another. However, it is not historically guaranteed.

Nuttlar was first mentioned in 1072 in a document from the Grafschaft monastery , at that time still as the main courtyard under the name Notelar . It is the oldest settlement in the area of ​​the municipality of Bestwig, along with Velmede. This main courtyard must have been of considerable size, the exact extent has not been recorded.

Modern times

In the turmoil of the Thirty Years' War the main courtyard was 1630 pillaged and plundered and probably rebuilt in a timely manner. The farm was in 1685 at the lieutenant-colonel of Passel verlehnt . The first named teacher in the village was G. Veltmann in 1715. The St. Anna Chapel on the Dümel had a floor area of ​​around 30 square meters and a wall thickness of around half a meter; it was built in 1745. In 1776, the elector approved the construction of a flour mill in the main courtyard. In 1778 there were two calcining houses , five blacksmiths, a grain mill and a hammer mill next to commercial buildings in the village . In addition, there were the St. Anna Chapel and the Cross Chapel at Catholic chapels, the bell of which hangs in the cemetery chapel today. When the peasants were liberated in 1802, the feudal estates were transferred to the property of the former tenants and Nuttlar came under the rule of Landgrave Ludwig von Hessen-Darmstadt, previously the place belonged to the Elector of Cologne, a new move to Prussia took place in 1816. The Josef company Sauerwald und Söhne was founded in 1824, it was the first soap factory in this area, also floor wax , polishing paste and shoe wax complemented the product range. After the introduction of compulsory schooling in 1824, a school building could be built in 1862. From the middle of the 19th century the industrial mining of slate began in Nuttlar . This went hand in hand with greater political independence, which was reflected in an independent municipal administration in 1866 through a spin-off from the municipality of Velmede . The St. Anna Chapel had to be demolished in 1870 due to the construction of the railway, the railway line and the station in Nuttlar were completed in 1872. This meant extensive structural improvements, especially the young industrial companies benefited, instead of carts the goods, for example slate, were transported by rail. The economic upturn enabled new jobs to be created and opportunities for professional advancement improved. The first Catholic priest, Vicar Kellermann, was introduced to his office in 1879. Before that he worked as a chaplain for the von Lüninck family in Ostwig. In 1893 two Franciscans founded a branch on the Passel farm, and three lay brothers joined them a year later. After the planned construction of a monastery next to the Holy Cross Chapel failed, the Franciscans went to Attendorn and settled there in 1898. The community members celebrated their first communion in 1903, followed by the first Corpus Christi procession in 1904 . The parish was elevated to the status of an independent parish of St. Anna in 1920 with the appointment of the vicar as pastor.

During the Nazi era , many residents entered the NSDAP one. During the Reichskristallnacht there were no activities in town. Four of the Jewish fellow citizens were able to escape abroad; there is no reliable information about the whereabouts of the remaining residents of Jewish faith, they were probably murdered. In their memory, the congregation erected a memorial stone at the church with the inscription: The Victims of Unjust Violence - 1933–1945 - In memory of the Jewish families Jacobs - Herzstein - Nuttlar 1985

Second World War

From March 1942, Russian foreign workers were deployed in the slate quarry, which manufactured electrical plates for the armaments industry. A foreign (forced) labor camp was set up in the former school board factory.

The poor school sisters set up a nurses' station in the Hubert house during the Second World War in 1943 . They did the kindergarten service, the church service and took care of the sick. A train driver fell victim to low-flying aircraft on his locomotive. A total of five houses were destroyed and 16 heavily damaged in the war.

After the Second World War

In early May 1945, the American occupation forces set up a camp for former Soviet foreign workers in the elementary school, who briefly took power in the village. They stayed until August 15th. During this time, a person was shot and there were multiple looting and theft.

Due to the construction boom in the post-war years, slate construction experienced another strong boom. A postmark with the inscription "Nuttlar - world-famous for its slate deposits" also comes from this time. The location and composition of the Nuttlar slate as well as the emergence of alternative building materials such as Eternit no longer allowed economic support from the 1980s, so that mining was stopped in 1985. A lorry and a platform wagon in the village still remind us of the time when slate was extracted in Nuttlar, and a lingering place with five information boards at the Kaiser Wilhelm tunnel makes this part of the local history tangible again.

With the municipal reorganization , which came into force on January 1, 1975, Nuttlar lost its independence and became part of the municipality of Bestwig . In 1997 Nuttlar celebrated its 925th anniversary in a festive setting.

Hammer mill

Since 1778 there was a hammer mill in the place, it was operated with the water of the Ruhr. It was used to manufacture iron goods, the population also called it scythe factory . The owners changed several times. In 1821 the hammer was equipped with an iron hammer, two fires and two horizontal hammers with drum fans. The Hammergraben was excavated in 1825 in order to get a greater gradient for the water. The owner ran out of money and Ulrich from Brilon, who was also called Rothschild des Sauerland , took a stake in the company. The owner family Busch sold the hammer mill in 1929 to VEW, which used it to generate electricity.

Place name

The place name has the same derivation as Rattlar, Ottlar, Uslar or Netlar. The syllable lar indicates the location in a valley. The prefix Nutt comes from the Celtic name netro, which means something like moor. So Nuttlar is a place that is located in a swampy valley. But it is also possible that the place name means place in the nut forest. In the past, common cattle husbandry in Hutewald was more likely to be dominated by nut bushes than oaks.

coat of arms

Coat of arms of the former municipality of Nuttlar

Blazon :

In blue a silver slate hammer with a golden handle, accompanied by two overturned golden nuts.

Description:

The hammer symbolizes the slate mining carried out in the village. The nuts should also be a speaking symbol (Nuz-lare = Nuttlar). The coat of arms was officially approved on August 29, 1951.

Population development

The development of the population of the place increased steadily over the centuries, the greatest increase was recorded for 1946, when 452 evacuees and refugees came to the place.

year Residential houses Residents
1536 17th 120
1563 15th 110
1618 20th 140
1756 30th over 100
1818 40 379
1871 104 over 750
1905 141 over 1000
1925 1266
1939 246 over 1500
1946 250 2019
1987 411 1854
1991 420 1848
1992 426 1882

Culture

Leisure and Tourism

Nuttlar is touched by the main hiking trail 10 of the Sauerland Mountain Association ( Wilhelm-Münker-Weg ) and the Bestwiger Panoramaweg . The Ruhr Valley Cycle Path , opened in 2006, also leads through the town. In addition, Nuttlar has had a beach volleyball facility "Am Dümel" for several years.

The Nuttlar slate mine, which has been closed since 1985, was reopened on May 27, 2014 as an official visitor mine. It can be visited as part of various adventure tours. Singing bowl meditations have also recently been offered there, and weddings underground are also possible.

The mine has been open to certified cave divers since June 2013. This became possible because the electricity was also switched off when the plant was shut down. As a result, the drainage pumps failed, so that the lower two levels of the mine were flooded within seven years. Overall, the water level in the mine rose by about 38 meters and flooded an area of ​​about ten kilometers in length. This makes the slate mine the largest mine to be dived in Germany and the second largest in Europe. In the large cavern area, dives for normal recreational divers are also offered.

Sauerland Mountain Prize

Between 1965 and 1984 Nuttlar was the venue for the ADAC Sauerland Mountain Prize . This took place on a three-and-a-half kilometer route with more than 30 curves and a height difference of 175 meters along the L776 and attracted between 10,000 and 30,000 visitors to Nuttlar every year. The high point in 1973 was the decision to take part in the German racing championship, won by Dieter Glemser from Warmbronn, who drove a Ford Escort. Well-known participating racing drivers included Stirling Moss, Keijo Rosberg, Gerhard Mitter, Hans-Joachim Stuck, Rolf Stommelen, Jochen Maas, Wili Kauhsen, Harald Ertl, Klaus Ludwig, Jürgen Neuhaus. The course record was set by Peter Scharmann in 1978 with a time of 1.35 minutes in a Ralt RT1 Formula 2, the average speed was 131.63 km / h. From 1985, the running of the race was prohibited for reasons of environmental protection. In 2010 the Sauerlandberg Prize was reissued and around 5000 visitors were represented there.

Church building

St. Anna Nuttlar

One chapel is occupied from the middle of the 17th century, this chapel for the Holy Cross stood in the center of the village, near today's Kirchstrasse, at the height of the memorial. Franz Hoffmann from Werl painted the interior in 1877. In 1884 the chapel was so dilapidated that it was saved from collapse with the help of iron bars. In 1886 an extension was completed which eliminated the greatest lack of space. The historic Renaissance- style building had to be demolished in 1912 because it was dilapidated. The stones were reused in the new building of St. Anne's Church, completed in 1914, based on a design by the Hanoverian architect Maximilian Jagielski . Two bells hung in the roof turret of the old building, the larger one was hung in 1883, the whereabouts of the previous bell has not been clarified. This bell hangs today in the cemetery chapel, it is provided with an inscription, which translated means I praise God - I call the living - I lament the dead - From the Henr workshop. Humpert a citizen of Brilon in honor of St. Anna - Nuttlar in 1883 - Kellermann . The smaller bell weighed 60.5 kg, it was donated in 1901 and had to be delivered in 1917 for armament purposes. Another chapel with the patronage of St. Anna was built on the Dümel in 1745, she had to make way for the new railway in 1870.

Way of the Cross at Sengenberg

Crucifixion group at the old location

The first Station of the Cross set up a real estate owner on Seng Mountain in 1861, in the next to it offertory money was collected for the construction of additional stations. The sandstone blocks required for this had to be pulled up the mountain by horse and cart. The last station was built in 1885 and the name of Vicar Kellermann is engraved on the back of the 14th station. The listed way of the cross has been restored several times over the decades and partially redesigned. Because of the further construction of the federal motorway 46 , the crucifixion group, which was now hidden in the high forest at 425 meters above sea level, had to be relocated . The Nuttlar village community has set itself the goal of restoring the group.

Economy and Infrastructure

Level crossing at the former Nuttlar Ost block with signal box Bk , 2006
Former signal box Abzw , 2006

Nuttlar station

Nuttlar station was a separation station , where the Nuttlar – Frankenberg railway branched off from the Upper Ruhr Valley Railway since May 1, 1902 , which , coming from Meschede , reached Nuttlar on July 1, 1872, and was completed on January 6, 1873 as Warburg station . The station was used by passenger trains until 1969 and after it was closed it was converted into a junction . The former command signal box was in operation until 2005 and was demolished around 2006 after a remote control was installed by the Bestwig signal box .

Companies

Slate mining

From the middle of the 19th century, Nuttlar lived mainly from slate mining . Near Nuttlar, antimony ores were also mined in the Unexpected Glück mine. Five men founded the Gessner company in 1857 and bought the Mutungen from the Nuttlar slate crushers . Due to constant modernization and rationalization measures, the company developed favorably, an advantage was also the increasing demand for roofing slate. In 1878 the company received approval for underground mining; the number of employees rose to around 100 by 1900; children and young people were also employed. The First World War had no negative effects on slate mining as the armaments industry needed slate for insulation and electrical plates. In the period up to the end of the Second World War, no modernization could be carried out due to the financial situation, which was only possible after the reconstruction period after 1945. The production processes were continuously engineered and around 130 people were employed. Slate mining faced strong competition from cheaper slate from Spain and because of the use of Eternit. The production of heavy concrete blocks from the slate spoil was started, attempts to produce expanded slate failed, the domestic slate was not suitable for this. The production of concrete blocks and the mining of slate were stopped in 1985.

Sauerwald slates

In 1867, the HC Sauerwald company began to produce slate school boards. The raw slate was extracted in the Stukenland mine, then sanded and smoothed. In the early years, the boards came onto the market without lines or frames. After 1873, the panels with incised lines and a stained wooden frame were sold. The company existed until 1937.

Distillery Schneider

Former Schneider spirits factory, 2013

Since 1869, the company H. & F. Schneider - Sauerland grain and juniper distillery has been burning high- proof . The company premises were originally located on the Hammer , in 1874 a new distillery was built on what is now the 8000 square meter company premises. Up to 30 people were employed there. The most successful product was the amber-colored grain with the name of Ganz Alter Schneider . This fine grain won the Grand Prix of the German Agricultural Society twice , the highest possible award. The total output of spirits in the best years was around a million bottles per year. The distillery was closed in 2005 and relocated to the Schwarze & Schlichte company in Oelde . Today a warehouse with sales is operated on the company premises.

Others

Today the largest employers are Honsel , Feil and Sauerwald & Sons.

societies

  • FC Ostwig / Nuttlar 1990 eV
  • Bestwig volunteer fire brigade, Nuttlar fire fighting group
  • St. Anna Rifle Brotherhood, founded in 1876
  • Sauerland Mountain Association, Nuttlar Department
  • Bestwig ski club
  • Turn- und Sportverein Nuttlar, founded in 1892, has around 1,000 members and is therefore one of the 20 largest sports clubs in the HSK
  • Village community Nuttlar
  • MGV 1888 Nuttlar e. V., consisting of a traditional male choir and a mixed choir that prefers modern choral literature.

literature

  • M. Fischer, M. Gödde, S. Hohmann, K.-H. Martini: Nuttlar yesterday and today . Ed .: Sauerland Mountain Association. Kemmerling-Druck, Brilon 1993.

Web links

Commons : Nuttlar  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Municipality of Bestwig (ed.): Information from the municipality of Bestwig . 2012, p. 37 .
  2. ↑ M. Fischer, M. Gödde, S. Hohmann, K.-H. Martini: Nuttlar yesterday and today . Ed .: Sauerland Mountain Association. Kemmerling-Druck, Brilon 1993, p. 12-14 .
  3. ↑ Stephanie Reekers: The regional development of the districts and communities of Westphalia 1817-1967 . Aschendorff, Münster Westfalen 1977, ISBN 3-402-05875-8 , p. 267 .
  4. ↑ M. Fischer, M. Gödde, S. Hohmann, K.-H. Martini: Nuttlar yesterday and today . Ed .: Sauerland Mountain Association. Kemmerling-Druck, Brilon 1993, p. 14 .
  5. ↑ M. Fischer, M. Gödde, S. Hohmann, K.-H. Martini: Nuttlar yesterday and today . Ed .: Sauerland Mountain Association. Kemmerling-Druck, Brilon 1993, p. 14-17 .
  6. ↑ M. Fischer, M. Gödde, S. Hohmann, K.-H. Martini: Nuttlar yesterday and today . Ed .: Sauerland Mountain Association. Kemmerling-Druck, Brilon 1993, p. 18 .
  7. ↑ a b Nuttlar slate mine. Schieferbau Nuttlar UG, accessed on March 18, 2017 .
  8. ^ Jürgen Reents: 2500 companies - slave owners in the Nazi camp system . In: New Germany . November 16, 1999 ( online [accessed February 13, 2016]).
  9. ↑ a b M. Fischer, M. Gödde, S. Hohmann, K.-H. Martini: Nuttlar yesterday and today . Ed .: Sauerland Mountain Association. Kemmerling-Druck, Brilon 1993, p. 17 .
  10. ↑ LEADER project “Making slate construction tangible”. Opening of a place to stay at the Kaiser Wilhelm tunnel. (PDF) Dorfgemeinschaft Nuttlar eV, 23 August 2013, p. 17 , accessed on 18 March 2017 .
  11. ↑ Martin Bünermann, Heinz Köstering: The communities and districts after the municipal territorial reform in North Rhine-Westphalia . Deutscher Gemeindeverlag, Cologne 1975, ISBN 3-555-30092-X .
  12. ↑ M. Fischer, M. Gödde, S. Hohmann, K.-H. Martini: Nuttlar yesterday and today . Ed .: Sauerland Mountain Association. Kemmerling-Druck, Brilon 1993, p. 32-33 .
  13. ↑ M. Fischer, M. Gödde, S. Hohmann, K.-H. Martini: Nuttlar yesterday and today . Ed .: Sauerland Mountain Association. Kemmerling-Druck, Brilon 1993, p. 7 .
  14. ^ Eduard Belke, Alfred Bruns, Helmut Müller: Communal coats of arms of the Duchy of Westphalia . Arnsberg 1986, ISBN 3-87793-017-4 , pp. 171 .
  15. ^ Nuttlar slate mine in the Sauerland directly on the banks of the Ruhr. Bergwerktauchen UG, accessed on August 6, 2013 .
  16. ↑ M. Fischer, M. Gödde, S. Hohmann, K.-H. Martini: Nuttlar yesterday and today . Ed .: Sauerland Mountain Association. Kemmerling-Druck, Brilon 1993, p. 158-159 .
  17. ↑ M. Fischer, M. Gödde, S. Hohmann, K.-H. Martini: Nuttlar yesterday and today . Ed .: Sauerland Mountain Association. Kemmerling-Druck, Brilon 1993, p. 133-134 .
  18. ↑ M. Fischer, M. Gödde, S. Hohmann, K.-H. Martini: Nuttlar yesterday and today . Ed .: Sauerland Mountain Association. Kemmerling-Druck, Brilon 1993, p. 114 .
  19. ↑ Kreuzigungsgruppe on Sengenberg has to give way to the A 46. Dorfgemeinschaft Nuttlar eV, May 7, 2012, accessed on September 4, 2013 .
  20. ↑ … Do we still stick together today like our ancestors did over 130 years ago? (PDF) Dorfgemeinschaft Nuttlar e. V., accessed on September 15, 2015 .
  21. ↑ André Joost: Operating Offices Archive Nuttlar. In: NRWbahnarchiv. Retrieved March 18, 2017 .
  22. ^ André Joost: StellwerkArchiv Nuttlar Abzw. In: NRWbahnarchiv. Retrieved March 18, 2017 .
  23. ↑ M. Fischer, M. Gödde, S. Hohmann, K.-H. Martini: Nuttlar yesterday and today . Ed .: Sauerland Mountain Association. Kemmerling-Druck, Brilon 1993, p. 15-16 .
  24. ↑ M. Fischer, M. Gödde, S. Hohmann, K.-H. Martini: Nuttlar yesterday and today . Ed .: Sauerland Mountain Association. Kemmerling-Druck, Brilon 1993, p. 18-21 .
  25. ^ Nuttlar slate mine
  26. ↑ M. Fischer, M. Gödde, S. Hohmann, K.-H. Martini: Nuttlar yesterday and today . Ed .: Sauerland Mountain Association. Kemmerling-Druck, Brilon 1993, p. 43-44 .
  27. ↑ M. Fischer, M. Gödde, S. Hohmann, K.-H. Martini: Nuttlar yesterday and today . Ed .: Sauerland Mountain Association. Kemmerling-Druck, Brilon 1993, p. 248 .
  28. ^ FC Ostwig / Nuttlar. FC Ostwig Nuttlar 1990 eV, accessed on March 18, 2017 .
  29. ^ Units of the Bestwig volunteer fire brigade. Extinguishing group (LG) Nuttlar. Bestwig parish, accessed on March 18, 2017 .
  30. ↑ St. Anna Rifle Brotherhood. St. Anna Schützenbruderschaft 1876 e. V. Nuttlar, accessed on September 5, 2013 .
  31. ↑ Sauerland Mountain Association. Department of Nuttlar. Sauerland Mountain Association. Department Nuttlar eV, accessed on September 5, 2013 .
  32. ↑ Bestwig Ski Club. Ski-Club Bestwig eV, accessed on September 5, 2013 .
  33. ^ TuS 1892 Nuttlar. TuS 1892 Nuttlar eV, accessed on September 5, 2013 .
  34. ↑ A new association for the benefit of our village. Dorfgemeinschaft Nuttlar eV, accessed on September 15, 2015 .
  35. ^ MGV Nuttlar