Franciscan monastery Attendorn
The Franciscan monastery (" mater dolorosa ") in Attendorn was a re-establishment of the 17th century by Franciscan observants from the Thuringian order province . During the Second World War , the building complex on today's Klosterplatz was destroyed by an explosion.
History and Development
On September 5, 1636, the Archbishop of Cologne, Ferdinand von Bayern, gave the Franciscans of the Thuringian Order Province ( Thuringia ), which was re-established in 1633 after the Reformation, permission to set up a branch in Attendorn . Two years later, the city council agreed, but at the same time emphasized that the fathers should teach the youth in the " liberal arts " and in Catholic doctrine. For this purpose the Franciscans rented a house in the city and also set up a chapel there.
Monastery building
From 1648 to 1656 a church and a monastery were built. The church later had to be demolished and rebuilt as it threatened to collapse due to a construction error. The new monastery church was planned by the builder Ambrosius von Oelde , a Capuchin brother , and consecrated in 1682 by the Cologne auxiliary bishop Johann Heinrich von Anethan . Two serious fires destroyed large parts of the buildings (church, monastery and school) in 1742 and then again in 1783. The church was rebuilt from 1784 to 1790. Numerous members of the von Fürstenberg family were buried here. The monastery could be moved into a smaller version in 1804.
After the abolition of the monastery as a result of secularization in 1822, the town of Attendorn was allowed to use the building, along with the garden, inventory and other accessories, for the town's Progymnasium. Even today, the Rivius grammar school, the highest school in the city of Attendorn, is located there. The monastery church stood empty until 1838 when it was used as an armory by a Landwehr battalion. From 1888 to 1898 it was again without function. In 1898, the Franciscans of the Saxon Order Province ( Saxonia ) rented the church until it was damaged in an air raid in 1945 and then largely destroyed in an ammunition explosion after the end of the war. Despite the protests of some citizens, it was demolished in 1951. The town hall and the headquarters of the Sparkasse Attendorn were built in their place . The portal was retained and is to be rebuilt on Klosterplatz by 2022.
Origin of the Franciscans
The Franciscans came mainly from middle-class and farming families from the Sauerland , the Eifel , the Westerwald , Limburg , Fulda , Utrecht and the Diocese of Mainz . The convent strength was up to 41 people (1783). When it was abolished in 1822 there were still 4 fathers and 4 lay brothers.
high school
The most important tasks of the Franciscans included teaching the catechism and helping with pastoral care in addition to school lessons . In addition, there was poor relief and poor feeding.
For a long time the Franciscans ran a grammar school where they gave humanistic lessons.
The Franciscans began teaching humanism at the school called "Gymnasium Marianum Seraphicum" from 1639. For students who intended to join the order ("fratres studentes"), they made it possible to study philosophy and science here from 1647 to 1783 Theology . The school was established in 1784 in the lower rooms of the town hall. The "fratres studentes", however, had moved to Marienthal with their lecturers a year earlier .
At times there were up to 60 students in the school. In 1803 there were only 25 left. The new Hessian rulers converted the grammar school into a so-called citizen school after 1803.
List of Guardians
In the sources the settlement "Conventus ad beatam Mariam Virginem Dolorosam" (1639) is mentioned. The superior of the convent was the " Guardian " with his deputy, the "Vicarius". Both were elected by the provincial chapter of Thuringia , usually for three years. The student's supervisor was the “Instructor iuvenum”. In addition, prefects of studies, masters and lecturers of the grammar school are mentioned. The following guardians are known from the literature:
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Archival material
A large part of the archive and the library were destroyed by the various fires. The archival material is scattered across various archives.
Re-establishment
The Franciscans of Saxonia , who founded a branch in Nuttlar in 1893 , moved to Attendorn in 1898. In 1927 a new monastery was built there, a few hundred meters further north than the previous location. The community was elevated to a convention in 1931 under the direction of a guardian.
In 1998 the Franciscans had to leave Attendorn again due to the decreasing number of confreres. With the departure of the friars , the Franciscan Circle came into being. Numerous members of the former Franciscan congregation joined forces. B. with regular Bible talks or word worship services still today to lay traces of Franciscan life in Attendorn.
People from the Franziskuskreis ensured that the monastery church, built in 1969, remained open for prayer or for special occasions (e.g. weddings). Two years later it was demolished to great protest by the Attendorn citizens to make way for the "Franziskanerhof" senior citizens' home located there today. The spire, which weighs 1.5 tons and is 8.25 meters high, was placed in the middle of a roundabout in the urban area to commemorate the church.
literature
- Karl Hengst (Ed.): Westphalian monastery book. Part 1: Ahlen - Mülheim. Aschendorff, Münster 1992, ISBN 3-402-06886-9 , pp. 46-50, ( sources and research on the history of church and religion 2, publications of the Historical Commission for Westphalia 44).
- Heiko KL Schulze: Monasteries and monasteries in Westphalia. History, building history and description. A documentation . In: Géza Jászai (Ed.): Monastic Westphalia. Monasteries and monasteries 800–1800. Westfälisches Landesmuseum für Kunst und Kulturgeschichte, Münster 1982, ISBN 3-88789-054-X , p. 311 (exhibition catalog, Münster, Westfälisches Landesmuseum für Kunst und Kulturgeschichte, September 26, 1982 - November 21, 1982).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Martin Droste: Monastery church in Attendorn: scene of a great tragedy. May 20, 2020, accessed on July 7, 2020 (German).
- ^ Meinolf Lüttecke: Attendorn: Explosion claims 35 dead after the end of the war. June 16, 2020, accessed on July 7, 2020 (German).
- ↑ Martin Droste: Less tin and more quality of stay on Klosterplatz. July 13, 2018, accessed on July 7, 2020 (German).
- ^ Harm Klueting: Monasteries - Monks and Nuns - Orders and Congregations. In the S. (Ed.): The Duchy of Westphalia. Vol. 2.2 Münster, 2012 p. 972.
- ↑ http://www.franziskuskreis.de/%C3%BCber-uns/ Franziskuskreis, "About us", sub-item "Origin"; Accessed January 6, 2014
- ↑ https://www.franziskaner-hof.de/wir-ueber-uns/unser-haus.html Franziskanerhof; Access: May 31, 2018
- ↑ Report on derwesten.de, accessed: January 6, 2014
Coordinates: 51 ° 7 ′ 32.2 " N , 7 ° 54 ′ 4.5" E