Ambrosius of Oelde

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Ahaus Castle

Ambrosius von Oelde (* around 1630/1640; † 1705 in Werne ) was a Capuchin and architect . He was a leading designer of baroque buildings in the monasteries of Münster and Paderborn as well as in the Duchy of Westphalia .

Life

Ambrosius von Oelde was a Capuchin brother. He was probably trained in Flanders . He lived in the Capuchin monasteries of Brakel , Coesfeld , Münster , Paderborn , Rüthen / Möhne and Werne an der Lippe . As a builder he worked for various princes in Westphalia, for example Bishop Hermann Werner v. Wolff-Metternicht zur Gracht , his brother, Ignaz Wilhelm von Wolff-Metternicht zur Gracht , cathedral canon Matthias von der Recke , cathedral canon Werner von Oeynhausen , cathedral provost Johann Adolf. v. Fürstenberg , Domdechant Ferdinand Christian von Plettenberg , Commander of the German Order Friedrich-Wilhelm v. Fürstenberg and Bishop Ferdinand von Fürstenberg . From 1685 Ambrosius can be traced back to Paderborn as a master builder for the cathedral.

plant

Ambrosius von Oelde worked on behalf of Westphalian prince-bishops , for example for the prince-bishop of Paderborn Hermann Werner von Wolff-Metternich zur Gracht . He worked for the cathedral curia and the cathedral chapels and built the St. Michael monastery church in Paderborn . He rebuilt the castle and the church in Wehrden (Weser) . Bisperode Castle and Löwendorf Castle were newly built for the Prince-Bishop . He also worked for the Prince-Bishop of Munster Friedrich Christian von Plettenberg . So he built the cathedral curia in Münster and with the Ahaus castle one of the first three-winged castle buildings in Germany. He built Oberwerries Castle for his sister Ida Maria von Beverfoerde . In 1683 he built the baroque monastery church of the Capuchin monastery in Rüthen and from 1699 the huge new convent building for the Corvey monastery .

Around 50 buildings are assigned to Ambrosius for the period up to 1700, with further speculations. There are a total of 26 archival works and a further 22 ascribed works, while 16 are in doubt. The secured buildings include:

  1. Creation of a monastery garden, 1669
  2. Capuchin monastery and convent building in Werne , 1671
  3. Capuchin monastery and convent building in Kaiserswerth , 1674
  4. Capuchin monastery and convent building in Paderborn, 1675
  5. Capuchin monastery and convent building in Rüthen, 1675
  6. Cathedral mechanic in Paderborn, 1676
  7. Teutonic knights arriving in Mülheim , from 1677
  8. Capuchin Church in Werne, 1677
  9. Capuchin monastery and convent building in Kleve , 1677
  10. Capuchin Church in Paderborn, 1681–1683
  11. Bailey of Herdringen Castle , 1681–1684
  12. Cathedral curia for Friedrich Christian von Plettenberg in Münster, 1681
  13. Capuchin Church in Rüthen, 1683–1687
  14. Outer bailey and renovations of Gracht Castle in Liblar, 1683–1698
  15. Conversions, renovations and baroque changes in Paderborn Cathedral , from 1685
  16. Pleasure house in the Herdringen palace garden, 1686
  17. Domkapitularisches Amtshaus in Bredenborn , 1688
  18. Ahaus Castle, 1688–1698
  19. Parish church in Eggerode (report on structural damage), 1690
  20. Michaelskloster and convent building in Paderborn, 1691–1692
  21. Castle, outer bailey and alterations in Velen , 1692
  22. St. Michael monastery church in Paderborn, 1694–1698
  23. Bailey of the Sassenberg residence , from 1695
  24. Bisperode Castle, 1695–1703
  25. Wehrden Castle (Kr. Höxter), 1696–1699
  26. Löwendorf Castle ( Löwendorf , district of Höxter), 1699–1701

Ambrosius von Oelde is attributed, among other things, to Eringerfeld Castle in Geseke . It is believed that the builder was also entrusted with the planning of the Adolfsburg .

style

From Flanders he brought with him a joy in decorative decoration that was previously unknown in this region. Despite their different functions, the facades of Schloss Ahaus and the monastery church of St. Michael are almost the same. The baroque chapels in the cathedral of Paderborn and a tendril altar in the church in Hoinkhausen show the wealth of ideas of Ambrosius von Oelde. His style therefore shows Flemish influences, a stay in the Netherlands cannot be proven, but contact with Anton and Ludwig Willensens, who came from the Rubens School and worked at Paderborn Cathedral , can be assumed for stylistic reasons. With buildings like Michaeliskirche in Paderborn and Schloss Ahaus in Westphalia, Ambrosius promotes the spread of the changing use of carved stone for the architectural elements and brick for the wall surfaces (like Antonius Hülse with his construction of the Coesfeld Jesuit Church ), which he used to promote art decisively prepared by Johann Conrad Schlaun . As indicated above, his style combines Flemish jewelry in the decoration (e.g. fruit pendants) with tectonic clarity. In his castle buildings (also with plastered masonry) the tradition of Westphalian moated castles is united with the principles of baroque French castle construction. Despite many influences, Ambrosius retains his individuality and shapes his own style. Along with the Jesuit lay brother Antonius Hülse, father and son Pictorius , Lambert Friedrich Corvey and Johann Conrad Schlaun, he is one of the most important architects of the Westphalian Baroque.

literature

  • Hugo A. Braun: The Westphalian baroque master builder Ambrosius von Oelde in the Sauerland. In: Sauerland 3/1990, p. 98ff. Digitized version (PDF; 4.8 MB)
  • Eva-Maria Höper: Ambrosius von Oelde. An early Baroque Capuchin architect in the service of the Westphalian prince-bishops. Rhenania Franciscana Antiqua, Volume 5, Dülmen 1990.
  • Karl Josef Schmitz: Ambrosius von Oelde. In: Andreas Beyer u. a. (Ed.): General artist lexicon . De Gruyter, Berlin 2020.

Web links

  • Dissertation ( memento from July 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) on Gottfried Laurenz Pictorius with the curriculum vitae of Ambrosius von Oelde (pp. 32–35) (PDF file; 635 kB)

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Karl Josef Schmitz: Ambrosius von Oelde . In: Andreas Beyer u. a. (Ed.): General artist lexicon (De Gruyter) . Berlin 2020 ( degruyter.com ).
  2. ^ Theodor Rensing: master builder next to and around Schlaun in the dioceses of Münster, Paderborn and Hildesheim. In: Elector Clemens August. Sovereign and patron of the 18th century. DuMont Schauberg, Cologne 1961, pp. 282f.
  3. ↑ on Corvey cf. Beate Johlen: The effects of the Counter Reformation on the sacred building of the 17th century. Reform and tradition using the example of the reconstruction of the former Benedictine church in Corvey / Westphalia in 1667. Diss. Bonn, 2000.
  4. ↑ Dissertation ( memento from July 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) on Gottfried Laurenz Pictorius with the curriculum vitae of Ambrosius von Oelde (p. 33) (PDF; 650 kB)
  5. ^ Theodor Rensing: master builder next to and around Schlaun in the dioceses of Münster, Paderborn and Hildesheim. In: Elector Clemens August. Sovereign and patron of the 18th century. DuMont Schauberg, Cologne 1961, p. 283.
  6. ^ Karl Josef Schmitz: Ambrosius von Oelde . In: Andreas Beyer u. a. (Ed.): General artist lexicon (De Gruyter) . Berlin 2020 ( degruyter.com ).
personal data
SURNAME Oelde, Ambrosius von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Capuchin, architect
DATE OF BIRTH around 1640
DATE OF DEATH 1705
Place of death Werne