Hallenberg

The title of this article is ambiguous. Further meanings are listed under Hallenberg (disambiguation) .

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 51 ° 7 '  N , 8 ° 37'  E
Basic data
State :	North Rhine-Westphalia
Administrative region :	Arnsberg
Circle :	Hochsauerlandkreis
Height :	420 m above sea level NHN
Area :	65.35 km 2
Residents:	4465 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	68 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	59969
Area code :	02984
License plate :	HSK
Community key :	05 9 58 020
City structure:	4 districts
City administration address :	Rathausplatz 1 59969 Hallenberg
Website :	www.stadt-hallenberg.de
Mayor :	Michael Kronauge ( CDU )
Location of the city of Hallenberg in the Hochsauerlandkreis

Hallenberg is a country town in the Rothaargebirge and belongs to the Hochsauerlandkreis in North Rhine-Westphalia ( Germany ). It is the smallest Westphalian municipality in terms of population and the second smallest city in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia after Heimbach (Eifel) . Hallenberg was founded by the Archbishop of Cologne, Konrad von Hochstaden, as a border fortress and was an agricultural town well into the 20th century . This only changed recently with the settlement of commercial businesses and the boom in tourism.

geography

Hallenberg 2013

View of Hallenberg

Geographical location and natural structure

Hallenberg is the southernmost city in the Hochsauerlandkreis. It is located in the eastern foothills of the Rothaargebirge on the state border with Hesse that passes southeast of the city and is traversed by the Nuhne , into which the Weife flows in the city .

Most of the urban area lies within the Medebacher Bay on the eastern Sauerland mountain range , which in the Hallenberger area is called Hallenberger Bucht . In the urban area, this is subdivided into the natural spatial units Hallenberger Hügelland and Münder Grund . In the north and west, the urban area also has shares in the natural areas Hohe Seite , Ziegenhelle and Wilde Struth .

The width of Struth extends east of Hallenberg . The mountains near Hallenberg include the Bollerberg (757.3 m), the Heidekopf (703.8 m) and the Stolzenberg (623 m).

geology

From a geological point of view, Hallenberg lies on the southern part of the East Sauerland main saddle. In the west of the urban area, the rock formations come mainly from the Upper Devonian and in the east from the Lower Carboniferous . This can be seen in a quarry located two kilometers to the west, towards Wunderthausen . Another, old slate quarry is located north of Hallenberg at the open-air stage. In the upper area it contains black silica slate ( Lydite ).

Expansion of the urban area and land use

The urban area extends over 15 km in a west-east direction and 8.6 km in a north-south direction. In 2011, 10.3% of the total area of ​​the city (6535 ha) was used for settlement and traffic areas. Agricultural land made up 39.9%. 48.8% were covered with forest.

Neighboring communities

Neighboring communities in North Rhine-Westphalia are the city of Winterberg (northwest) with its core city and the district of Züschen , the city of Medebach (northeast) with the districts of Medelon and Dreislar and the city of Bad Berleburg (southwest) with the districts of Wunderthausen and Girkhausen .

Hallenberg borders the state of Hesse to the south and south-east and there the municipality of Bromskirchen (south), the city of Frankenberg (south-east) with its district of Rengershausen and the city of Lichtenfels with the district of Neukirchen.

City structure

Hallenberg districts

In addition to the core city with 34.72 km², Hallenberg consists of the districts Braunshausen with 9.08 km², Liesen with 7.38 km² and Hesborn with 14.18 km².

history

middle Ages

Merklinghausen an der Nuhne, which later fell into desolation, is considered to be one of Hallenberg's forerunners. It was in the border area of ​​the settlement areas of the Saxons and Franks . The borders between the sphere of influence of the Archbishopric of Mainz and Cologne are in the immediate vicinity. Even today the area is the border between North Rhine-Westphalia and Hesse. The Christianization took place from the original parish in Wormbach . In the early Middle Ages , the area around Medebach and Hallenberg belonged to the Ittergau.

For the establishment of the city of Hallenberg, its extremely protective position played an important role. Like other cities founded by the Archbishops of Cologne during this period ( Attendorn , Schmallenberg , Medebach and Winterberg ), Hallenberg served to protect the important Heidenstrasse and overall to protect the archbishop's old property near Medebach against the Counts of Arnsberg , Hesse , Wittgenstein and Waldeck . The city was built on a mountain spur that stretches out on an elongated heap that runs from the Heidekopf into the corner of the mouth of the Nuhne and Weife rivers. The name is derived from this.

So-called Burgplatz in 2016

Near Hallenberg the Deutz Abbey with the main courtyard Merklinghausen had considerable possessions. The Archbishop of Cologne Konrad von Hochstaden acquired the property with the aim of building a city there. In exchange, the abbot received a farm in Deutz. A castle had already existed there around 1231. The relocation of the scattered settlers lying on the Nuhne to the height and the fortification of the settlement by the Cologne marshal for Westphalia Arnold von Hochstaden took place in 1248. Other figures indicate 1260 as the date of foundation. A city ​​seal has been handed down for 1271 .

A castle man named Weigand von Medebach is documented for 1259. In addition, Burgmanns from various regional aristocratic families are proven for the following centuries. Their Burgmannslehen increasingly passed into their hereditary possession, so that the Archbishop only had general rule over the long term. In 1288 the town and the castle were destroyed by Count Otto I von Waldeck in connection with the Limburg succession dispute and the Battle of Worringen and only rebuilt in 1300 by the Cologne Marshal of Westphalia Johann I von Plettenberg with the parish church and town castle. Around this time a mayor (“proconsules et consules”) is mentioned for the first time. The Archbishop of Cologne owned two mills near Hallenberg. At least one of them came into municipal possession by 1562 at the latest. When the city was founded there was a coin. The coins were imitations of models from Paderborn.

In 1400 the city was destroyed by fire. Apart from its function as a border fortress, the importance of the city remained minor. In 1482 it had only 61 citizens. After all, the attraction was big enough to attract residents from neighboring settlements. The abandoned villages were deserted villages (Schnelling Hausen, Frede Ringshausen, Gunter thing living, shopping Recklinghausen, Wolmerkusen and Beckhausen). In the course of this immigration, four peasant communities, also called quarters, formed in the city. These were called Burg, Raphuhn, Eudeut and Eisernhut. The trademark rights of the old settlements were retained by Hallenberg.

In 1338 the residents were granted the right not to appear before foreign judges. At the same time, older rights, about which nothing is known, were confirmed. The town charter followed that of Brilon and Rüthen. In 1396 force VI. von Hatzfeld , the owner of Freundetrost Castle , was appointed Burgmann von Hallenberg by the Archbishop of Cologne. By 1400 at the latest, Hallenberg became part of the Medebach office of the Duchy of Westphalia .

Early modern age

In the early modern period, in addition to the dean of Medebach's broadcast court, there was a municipal and a sovereign court.

The place was ravaged by the plague several times in 1480 or 1540 to 1542. In 1519 the town was destroyed by fire. At times Protestantism apparently had a considerable following in the city. During the Cologne War, the city ​​stood on the side of Gebhard I. von Waldburg, who had fallen away from Catholicism .

In 1537 the Archbishop of Cologne reached an agreement with the Landgrave of Hesse. The villages of Bromskirchen and Somplar were finally lost to the Duchy of Westphalia . In 1596 there was an agreement on a border comparison with the county of Wittgenstein. In 1663 the border with the county of Waldeck was described. To protect the state border to Waldeck and Hesse, there were several land forces . Until the 18th century there were trademark disputes with neighboring towns, aristocrats and the owners of the Free County of Züschen .

Hallenberg room 1645

The city was first touched by the Thirty Years' War in 1621 . To avert the threat in Frankenberg located Christian of Brunswick , they demanded that the neighboring town of Winterberg on 50 shooters. In 1623 soldiers were billeted for the first time. In 1632 the city was plundered by Hesse, the residents fled the city twice. Again the citizens fled in 1633 and 1646. In 1634 the Niedertor was demolished and the town thus rendered incapable of defense. By 1638, almost half of the citizens had perished. From 1643 onwards there were frequent Swedish tribulations, culminating in a pillage in 1649. Only the following year was seen in the city as a beginning of peace after the withdrawal of the Swedes and Hesse and after the payment of the last war contributions .

During the Seven Years War around 1760, numerous capital had to be raised to settle contributions.

Given the relatively small economic importance, the general importance of the city was low. In 1781 it had only 195 houses. In 1759 there were no monasteries or noble houses in the city. There were six full farmers and four half farmers. The vast majority consisted of the poorer one hundred and eight quarter peasants and the thirty Brinkitzers.

Witch trials

In the course of 130 years (from 1591 to 1717) in Hallenberg, as in other places in the Electoral Cologne Duchy of Westphalia, witch trials were carried out and people were executed. The outcome of many processes is unclear. There were 26 witch trials in the city by the electoral jury, with at least 200 people accused. At least 43 people lost their lives in the most gruesome way. The high point of the persecution was in 1628, when 20 people from around 500 residents from 110 families were tried. Among them was Henrich Stoffregen , executed on August 4, 1628. The name of the public place of execution at that time is still called Galgenbüsche and is located on the road in the direction of Somplar. It was not until September 14, 2011 that the Hallenberg council decided to rehabilitate the people who were innocently convicted and executed in the area of ​​today's city of Hallenberg during the 16th and 17th centuries as part of the witch hunts.

19th and 20th centuries

Rest of the former city wall

The city wall, built around 1300, was demolished in 1811. On the cadastral sheet from 1831 the division into the four districts of Burg, Raphun, Eisernhut and Eudeut can be seen. Next to the parish church were the Petrusbrunnen, the council and brewery and at the west end the castle grounds. The place had two gates, the Obertor in the north with the way to Winterberg and the Niedertor in the southeast with the way to Marburg via Bromskirchen. The Merklinghausen Church can be seen southeast of the Niedertor. The Nuhne flows east from north to south.

In 1816 Hallenberg came to the Kingdom of Prussia after a transition period in Hesse . In 1826, Hallenberg was merged with the districts of Braunshausen, Hesborn, Liesen and Züschen to form the mayor's office of Hallenberg. In 1838, the revised town regulations were adopted for Hallenberg and thus the separation from the new Liesen office was made. In 1867 the city of Hallenberg was downgraded to a rural community and attached to the Liesen office, which has been called Hallenberg since then .

Against the rural unrest at the beginning of the revolution of 1848/49 , the inhabitants formed protective guards to prevent disturbances of the peace.

Politically, Hallenberg was one of the Center Party's strongholds . In the Reichstag election in July 1932 , the party achieved a peak value of 80.5%, even by Sauerland standards. Other political forces also found it difficult to gain a foothold. The first known social democratic activities did not take place until 1932. After all, this party held meetings there before the Reichstag election of March 1933 .

During the November pogroms of 1938 on November 10, 1938, Jews' homes were devastated in Hallenberg.

Second World War

During the Second World War, both prisoners of war and forced labor were used in agriculture, forestry and trade. The prisoners of war were an external unit of the main camp VI A in Hemer. 139 foreign workers are known by name. Most of them came from the Soviet Union. At the end of the war, only a few days before the arrival of the Americans, Hallenberg became the target of treks of forced laborers who had been led out of the industrial areas by the Germans.

On January 30, 1945, Hallenberg experienced an air raid by low-flying planes in which two civilians were killed. Another civilian died in the second and final air raid on March 17th. At the beginning of 1945 the Volkssturm was called in Hallenberg. Tank barriers and cover holes were built on the entrance roads. On March 29th at 8 a.m. the Volkssturm had to start under the command of Chief Forester Josef Quick. Quick sent the Volkssturm home. Around 9 o'clock a US armored car reached Hallenberg and opened fire with the machine gun on soldiers of the Wehrmacht in retreat who were trying to escape from their vehicles. Quick handed the city over to the commander of the US armored car, a fluent German-speaking officer. The deputy local group leader of the NSDAP, Aloys Maurer, hoisted a white flag on the church tower. Some of the Wehrmacht soldiers in Hallenberg surrendered, while others fled. A gun division blew up their guns before escaping. Some soldiers who had not thrown away their weapons quickly enough fell in the fire of advancing US tanks. They were later buried in the Hallenberg cemetery. There were no civilian casualties when US troops marched in. Hallenberg was also spared major property damage. The US troops searched Hallenberg for soldiers, registered the male population and confiscated weapons, cameras and binoculars. Gun batteries were positioned around the city and fired at targets in Züschen and Winterberg until they were withdrawn on the afternoon of April 2nd. Hallenberg also received an American commanding officer and Josef Pippel was appointed mayor. On March 29, US troops advancing from Hessian occupied Braunshausen around 9 a.m. without a fight. Liesen and Hesborn were occupied on the morning of March 29th. Only in Liesen there were short fights. During the Second World War, 127 Hallenbergers died as soldiers, mostly on the Eastern Front, or died in captivity.

At times there were problems with plundering former prisoners of war and forced laborers in the next few weeks until they were removed. One report named the reasons for a “liberation complex” of revenge, hunger and exuberance.

post war period

Albert Körner, who had worked for a time in Hallenberg and later lived in the Ruhr area, was imprisoned for several months by the National Socialists as a staunch Social Democrat. After his release he returned to Hallenberg. After liberation from National Socialism, Albert Körner was appointed acting mayor by the Allies in 1945 and even elected mayor in 1946. Since he did not agree with some local political developments, he resigned in October 1946.

In 1946, volunteers built the Hallenberg open-air theater on the site of a disused quarry in the north of Hallenberg . The old administrative structure was retained until 1975. On January 25, 2013, a fire damaged the listed Hallenberg town hall considerably. Due to the serious damage, the building had to be gutted and rebuilt. The city administration therefore temporarily moved to the city hall. The topping-out ceremony was celebrated on November 6, 2013.

Incorporations

As part of the municipal reorganization in North Rhine-Westphalia, the city of Hallenberg and the communities of Braunshausen, Hesborn and Liesen were merged to form the new city of Hallenberg on January 1, 1975. The Hallenberg office was dissolved; his legal successor is the new city of Hallenberg. The town of Züschen was added to the newly formed large community of Winterberg.

Population development

Population development in the core city of Hallenberg 1864–1974 * ** ***
year	Residents
1818 *	1371
1843 *	1548
1864	1360
1871 *	1233
1895 *	1071
1933 *	1547
1939	1544
1946 *	2472
1950	2342
1961 **	2321
1964	2481
1966	2520
1970 **	2634
1974 ***	2682

In the 19th and early 20th centuries, the economic foundations were insufficient to feed the population. If the population rose from 1371 to 1548 inhabitants from 1818 to 1843, absolute population losses were recorded thereafter. In 1871 only 1233 people lived on the site. This meant a population decrease of more than 20%. As a result, the population decline continued and reached its lowest point in the 1895 census with 1071 inhabitants. As a result, the numbers rose again, but in 1933 the place with 1547 inhabitants had just reached the level of 1843 and stagnated again until 1939. It was only through the immigration of displaced persons from the east that the population reached 2,472 in 1946.

Population development in the city ​​of Hallenberg 1975–2013 * year Residents 1975 * 4751 1977 4666 1990 4845 1991 4903 1992 4966 1993 4943 1994 4948 1995 4997 1996 4970 1997 4965

Population development in the city ​​of Hallenberg 1975–2013 (continued) year Residents 1998 4883 1999 4850 2000 4732 2001 4737 2002 4662 2003 4678 2004 4669 2012 4435 2013 4380

The proportion of foreigners in the population is low at 2.8% (2011). For comparison: in the area of ​​the Hochsauerlandkreis it was 5.5%. In North Rhine-Westphalia it was 8.7%. The current demographic development and forecast for the future is negative. Hallenberg is a migration area. Between 1997 and 2003 the city lost an average of 57.3 ‰ of the population, while the total decrease in the Hochsauerlandkreis was only 16.9 ‰. With a view to demographic change , a decline in the population of 12.8% compared to 2002 is to be expected by 2020 if no countermeasures are taken accordingly. This would be the highest population loss in the entire district. The losses in the Hochsauerland district are estimated at around 3% during this period.

Religions

General

Hallenberg lies on the denominational boundary that emerged after the Reformation. The place itself is strongly Catholic. Still (2004) 78% of the population declared themselves to be Catholic. About 15% are Protestant and 7% belong to another religion or are non-denominational. According to the 2011 census, the number of Catholics was 74.9%. The proportion of Protestants was 15.4%. Members of other religions or non-denominationalists made up 9.7%.

Protestant church

In view of the traditional diaspora situation, there is no separate Protestant church community. Rather, the Protestants of the place belong to the parish Bromskirchen. This means that this municipality is located in both Hesse and North Rhine-Westphalia. While the church is in Bromskirchen, the community center is in Hallenberg. Unlike most of the other Protestant parishes in the Hochsauerlandkreis, which belong to the Westphalian regional church , the parish of Bromskirchen is the northernmost parish in the Evangelical Church in Hesse and Nassau .

Catholic Church

St. Heribert

There is a pastoral association in Hallenberg. This includes the communities St. Heribertus (Hallenberg), St. Goar in Hesborn, St. Thomas the Apostle in Liesen and St. Antonius the Hermit in Braunshausen. The pastoral association is part of the Hochsauerland-Ost dean's office in the Archdiocese of Paderborn .

In 1925, sisters of the Queen of the Apostles Mission Society came to Hallenberg with their mother house in Vienna. The fourteen sisters devoted themselves to nursing, ran a rest home and a sewing school. The present house of the order was built in 1969. Today the seat of the German province of the community is in Hallenberg. The general religious awakening of the post-war period is reflected in the Catholic Church, among other things, in the Passion Play, which has been taking place every ten years since 1950. In 1955 the Redemptorists , who had previously lived in Winterberg, moved to Hallenberg. They initially operated a holiday home for students and built the St. Gerhard monastery on today's Klosterstrasse . This branch was closed in 1988. The Church of St. Heribert has an extensive historical parish library with works from the 16th century with a focus on works from the 18th century.

Judaism

There has been evidence of Jewish life in Hallenberg since 1563. The old Jewish cemetery was at the foot of the Kreuzberg and was in use from the 17th century to the end of the 19th century. Gravestones are no longer there. Since 1902 the new Jewish cemetery has been in direct connection with the general cemetery of the community. It was documented until 1941 and occasionally after 1945. There are still fifteen tombstones left. A synagogue also existed early on. In 1676, the city banned foreign Jews who wanted to pray in the synagogue from entering the city.

Like the Jews in the entire former Duchy of Westphalia , the old restrictive Jewish order in Hallenberg remained in place until the middle of the 19th century. In 1824 protests broke out in Hallenberg when Jews wanted to settle. As a result of legal equality in 1847, a considerable process of integration seems to have taken place. As early as 1854, Jews were able to become members of the local rifle club and in 1897 there was the first Jewish rifle king.

In the 19th and 20th centuries, the small community did not have its own synagogue, but only a prayer room. The Jewish school system goes back to 1773 when a first schoolmaster was mentioned. The community was too small and too poor for a Jewish school of its own. Teachers from the Hessian town of Bromskirchen , Battenfeld and Frankenberg came to the village for Jewish religious instruction .

As everywhere in the German Reich, the Hallenberg Jews were disenfranchised and subjected to reprisals during the Nazi era . Unlike in most other places, the pogroms did not break out on the night of November 9th to 10th, 1938 , but only on November 11th. A short time later, eight Jewish men were sent to concentration camps. The five Jewish merchants, three cattle dealers and one butcher were banned from working. Their factories were closed or aryanized. Ten houses and shops as well as around 40 pieces of land were affected by the Aryanization. The pressure increased the willingness to emigrate. 43% went abroad, significantly fewer than in other places in the region. A large part was taken in Argentina. Those who did not emigrate were murdered. A transport with Jews from Hallenberg also went to the Zamosc ghetto in April 1942 . From there in 1943 they went to the extermination camps of Belzec , Sobibor or Majdanek . Of a total of 48 Jews, 6 died of natural causes either in the village since 1933 or after fleeing, another 16 emigrated and 26 were deported. Of these, four survived the Holocaust .

politics

Result of the local elections

In the specified local elections, the parties and groups obtained the following voting shares and number of seats in the city council.

Hallenberg Municipality Council: Share of voters and municipal councils since 1975
					Citizens for Hallenberg		Others		total		electoral participation
Electoral term	%		%		%		%		%		%
1975-1979	70.62	16	17.45	3			11.93	2	100%	21st	90.95
1979-1984	48.09	10	25.81	5			26.09	6th	100%	21st	84.08
1984-1989	37.45	8th	14.76	3			47.79	10	100%	21st	81.26
1989-1994	15.22	3	3.64	0			81.14	18th	100%	21st	81.19
1994-1999	78.47	17th	21.53	4th					100%	21st	83.98
1999-2004	82.76	17th	17.24	3					100%	20th	71.60
2004-2009	78.35	16	6.17	1			15.48	3	100%	20th	68.82
2009-2014	78.55	16	7.33	1	14.12	3			100%	20th	57.13
2014-2020	76.3	15th	9.6	2	14.1	3			100%	20th	58.8
Percentages rounded. Sources: State database NRW; State Office for Information and Technology in North Rhine-Westphalia

Results of the state and federal elections and the European elections

In the last state and federal elections and the European elections, the parties in Hallenberg received the following votes:

Further election results for the community of Hallenberg: Share of voters since 2004
								Others	electoral participation
Electoral term	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%
2004 European elections	77.71	8.92	3.63	3.63	-	0.83	0.88	4.40	49.85
State election 2005	76.09	13.55	1.73	4.31	-	0.48	1.17	2.66	67.68
Bundestag election 2005	62.11	19.14	2.59	10.71	-	-	0.53	2.34	80.76
European elections 2009	68.55	9.25	3.90	12.26	-	1.89	0.63	3.52	44.70
Bundestag election 2009	53.04	13.13	4.15	20.18	-	-	0.49	4.00	74.90
State election 2010	61.37	16.74	4.91	8.39	0.76	3.43	0.72	3.67	59.81
State election 2012	53.54	19.20	4.79	9.34	6.32	1.34	-	5.46	59.20
Bundestag election 2013	62.64	16.78	3.03	5.13	2.30	3.33	0.08	6.71	74.82
Percentages rounded. Sources: State database NRW; State Office for Information and Technology in North Rhine-Westphalia Results of the Bundestag elections are results of second votes.

mayor

town hall

The mayor of Hallenberg is Michael Kronauge (CDU). Honorary deputy mayors are Alfred Mörchen (CDU) and Rita Schnorbusch (CDU). The general representative of the mayor is Holger Schnorbus (non-party).

Mayor of the city of Hallenberg

Term of office	mayor	Political party	% 1	comment
1994-1998	Michael Crown Eye	CDU
1998-1999				first full-time mayor of Hallenberg
1999-2004
2004-2009
since 2009			86.92
1 Direct election since 1999. No runoff election since 2009. Sources: State Returning Officer of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia

coat of arms

Blazon

In silver (white) a continuous black cross, angled by four stacked black keys with turned away beards.

description

The key and cross are symbols of the Archdiocese and Electorate of Cologne, to which Hallenberg belonged until 1803. The coat of arms was taken over from the old town of Hallenberg in 1975.

Culture, sports and sights

The cultural life of the city of Hallenberg is characterized by volunteering. Many associations are responsible for cultural life. The Hallenberg city archive, with some of its archives dating back to the Middle Ages, is also managed on a voluntary basis. The annual rifle festival is a social event in the village, which is attended by almost all locals as well as many former residents.

Popular excursion destinations are the observation towers on the Bollerberg and the Heidekopf , from which the view extends as far as Hesse. Not far to the east of the district of Liesen, the "Sauerland-Stabil-Stuhl" has stood directly on the Sauerland-Höhenflug hiking trail since 2010 , also a worthwhile vantage point.

theatre

Outdoor stage

Hallenberg has had an open-air theater since 1946 , which was built north of the city on the site of a disused quarry. It emerged from the local boys' association. Actors are residents of the city who perform a different play every summer. In the first few decades, classics or religious pieces were performed. Later comedies and children's plays were increasingly played. For a long time now, one adult and one children's play have been performed each year. The spectator area has around 1400 almost all covered seats. The total number of visitors since its inception is given as 1.1 million.

Museums

Kump information center

The historic ice house Hallenberg houses the permanent exhibition "Ice Art in the Ice House". In the information and communication center Kump, the special features of the city are presented in the historical storage cellar, the permanent mousetrap exhibition and in temporary exhibitions. Both institutions are members of the Hochsauerlandkreis museum landscape.

music

There are several music and choral societies in Hallenberg. The town band Concordia Hallenberg, the hunter chapel Hesborn, the music association “Die Liesetaler” and the church choir Cäcilia Hallenberg as well as the male choir Braunshausen are active in the city.

Buildings

Listed residential building

→ Main article : List of architectural monuments in Hallenberg

The city of Hallenberg has over 50 monuments in its districts. Of particular importance is the historic town center with its old half-timbered houses and the course of the street, which essentially dates back to around 1780. The monument protection measures for the preservation of the cityscape led to the inclusion in the working group of historical city centers in North Rhine-Westphalia in 2007.

The Catholic parish church of St. Heribert can be found in the center of the city, with baroque furnishings and dating from the 13th century. During restoration work, a Renaissance painting from 1558 was uncovered and preserved here. The pilgrimage church of the Assumption of Mary was built in the 12th century as a small, vaulted two-bay room with a rectangular choir and turret . In 1981 old frescoes were discovered and uncovered during restoration work. The listed chapel on the Kreuzberg was donated by the Mörchen brothers in 1725.

The historic Petrusbrunnen on the market square stands on a round substructure. It was built in 1756 from sandstone slabs and is crowned with a statue of Peter from the beginning of the 20th century.

Green spaces

To the southeast of the city center, around 500 meters away, near the pilgrimage church of the Assumption of Mary , also known as the Lower Church, is the Marienpark with a playground area. The listed ice house is located in the middle of the park. In the course of the Regionale 2013, it was temporarily planned to redesign the area into an innovative city park or the entire city into a park city.

In 2011 the city of Hallenberg created a quiet forest near the Braunshausen district. The ashes of the deceased are buried near the roots of the trees.

Protected areas

Nuhnewiesen nature reserve

Whinchat in the Nuhnewiesen nature reserve

Langeloh area in the Magergrünland conservation area south of Hallenberg

About half of the urban area of ​​Hallenberg is part of the European bird sanctuary Medebacher Bucht in the Natura 2000 protected area system of the European Union . This was due in particular, the presence of black stork , honey buzzard , red kite , boreal owl , kingfisher , gray-headed woodpecker , red-backed shrike , shrike and meadow pipit . The rest of the bird sanctuary Medebacher Bucht is in the urban area of ​​Medebach. Four ( FFH areas ) are also designated as European protected areas . The large FFH areas, which often consist of several sub-areas, usually include several nature reserves and areas of other protection categories such as landscape protection areas. The FFH areas are the Hallenberger Wald , Liesetal - Hilmesberg , Nuhnewiesen, Wache and Dreisbachtal and the Glindfeld - Orketal forest reserve with tributaries . The FFH area Waldreservat Glindfeld - Orketal with tributaries lies partly in the urban areas of Winterberg and Medebach.

There are a total of 22 nature reserves (NSG) in the city. The size ranges from 1.5 ha at the NSG Herzgraben to 875.5 ha at the NSG Hallenberger Wald .

The nature reserve Blockflur am Steinschab is located above the Steinschab quarry

Since September 15, 2004, there has been a landscape plan for the Hallenberg city area in which the areas outside the built-up districts and the scope of a development plan have been designated as landscape protection areas, provided that there is no higher protection status such as a nature reserve (NSG).

The landscape protection areas are divided into types A, B and C, in which different requirements for the protection of nature must be observed. In the landscape protection area type A, general landscape protection , the erection of buildings is prohibited. In type B, locations on the outskirts and in the character of a landscape , first afforestation, including new Christmas tree cultures, is prohibited. In the case of type C, meadow valleys and ornithologically significant open land, there is an additional ban on converting grassland and fallow grassland. Of the type A landscape protection area there is the large-scale Hallenberger Waldlandschaft landscape protection area with 2135.3 ha. Type B is the large-scale Hallenberger Hügelland landscape protection area with 1039.3 ha. Type C has 21 areas that range between 1.8 and 88 ha are tall.

The entire urban area is part of the Sauerland-Rothaargebirge nature park .

There are 100 protected landscape components and 16 natural monuments (ND) in the urban area . Of the 16 natural monuments, 15 are old trees, three times two old trees each form the ND and the ND special folding in the former Hesborn quarry with an area of ​​0.14 ha.

Parts of the FFH areas in the Hallenberg area are integrated into the long-term LIFE project of the Hochsauerland Biological Station for the renaturation of flowing waters and grassland in the Medebach Bay. The project is accompanied by broad public relations. This also includes the establishment of natural history hiking trails in the FFH areas involved. A lookout point was set up in the FFH area Nuhnewiesen. The associated information center was set up in the Kump Information and Communication Center in 2006 in the old town of Hallenberg. With the help of modern media, the European importance of the Medebacher Bucht bird sanctuary is presented there.

Sports

Sports facilities

The city has a variety of sports facilities. There is an indoor and a natural swimming pool as well as a triple sports hall. Sports fields are available in all districts. The Sauerland-Höhenflug hiking trail runs through Hallenberg.

Regular events

In August there is a Marian pilgrimage to the lower church , in which the miraculous image “Our Lady of Merklinghausen” is located. Every ten years the Passion of Christ is performed on the open-air stage.

A highlight of every year is the performance of the Hallenberg Easter Vigil , a very special Easter custom, on the night from Holy Saturday to Easter Sunday by the Catholic Boys' Association.

As everywhere in the Sauerland, the shooting festival is an important event in the local annual calendar. The shooting club in the city center was founded in 1827.

Culinary specialty

The Hallenberger Saumagen is a regional specialty with minced pork and ham pieces. It is served with potatoes or mashed potatoes.

Economy and Infrastructure

Economic history

Backhaus, Anno 1664

In the Middle Ages and early modern times, the inhabitants lived mainly from agriculture and forestry. There were three markets in the 16th century. There were guilds of cloth makers, joiners, shoemakers and tailors. Only the cloth makers were of a certain importance. In addition to several oil and grinding mills, there was a sawmill at the end of the 18th century. Slate was also extracted from time to time. The beer brewed in Hallenberg was known beyond the town. The city also had its own beer brewing facilities. The tradition continued in the 19th century. An experience report from 1832 read: "The Hallenberger beer welcomes the whole body to the front toe when it is enjoyed, then rises to the eyes, which it gently closes at the end." It is unclear whether Hallenberg over the suburb Brilon belonged to the Hanseatic League .

In terms of transport geography and economy, Hallenberg was severely disadvantaged in the 19th and 20th centuries. In favor of a rural social and economic structure, there were only two bakers for every thousand inhabitants in 1849 because of the general self-sufficiency. The Ruhrstrasse, which has linked Nuttlar, Medebach and Hallenberg since 1833, did not change anything in this regard. The same applies to the railway that reached the place in 1908. For a long time the place was dependent on agriculture and forestry, while industry hardly played a role. An agricultural winter school was set up in 1901 to promote agriculture.

Newer development

In the last decades after the Second World War, Hallenberg has changed from an agricultural place to a municipality with an above-average proportion of commercial employees (around 2000 jobs subject to social insurance).

industrial area

Measured in terms of the number of jobs subject to social security contributions (including commuters), Hallenberg has one of the highest employment rates in North Rhine-Westphalia. The automotive supplier Borbet GmbH and Kusch + Co Sitzmöbelwerke GmbH & Co KG are the most important companies. Then there is the machine and plant engineering company Siepe GmbH & Co. KG and logistics companies. In particular, the companies Borbet and Kusch have contributed to the economic change in the place. Ernst Kusch from Silesia took over an already existing small clothes peg factory in Hallenberg in 1939. A considerable upswing began with the construction of new production facilities in 1966. In the 1980s the company had around 400 employees. For example, the company supplied 42,000 chairs and 30,000 tables for the 1972 Summer Olympics . The seating for the cathedrals in Limburg , Trier and Lübeck and the provisional plenary hall in the old waterworks in Bonn are also from Kusch. In 1962, the Borbet company set up shop in Hesborn as a branch of the parent company in Altena. It later became the main plant of the company, which is primarily known for light alloy wheels.

Tourism is also of great importance. The open-air stage plays an important role with 40,000 visitors a year. The number of overnight stays was 77,400 in 2012.

Distribution of employees (in%, as of June 30, 2004)

• Agriculture / forestry 1%
• manufacturing 72%
• Construction 4.2%
• Trade, hospitality and transport 15.2%

With other municipalities in the eastern Sauerland, Hallenberg is involved in the LEADER project Hochsauerland of the European Agricultural Fund for the development of rural areas .

traffic

From Hallenberg, the A 46 near Bestwig (towards the Ruhr area) and the A 44 (towards Kassel) in around 60 minutes can be reached via the B 236 / B 480 . An important road is the federal highway 236, which leads north to Winterberg and south over the border to Frankenberg . The L 617 is a junction of the B 236 and leads to Liesen and Hesborn and on to Medelon . The L 717 leads from the city to the west to Berleburg , to the east towards Bromskirchen . A branch of the L 717 is the district road 4105, which leads somewhat from Hallenberg in the direction of Braunshausen. The district road 4132 connects Hesborn with Dreislar. Braunshausen is connected to Dreislar via the municipal road No. 6.

Local public transport is covered by Regionalverkehr Ruhr-Lippe GmbH. There are low-floor buses in regular intervals to Winterberg (line 356) and Medebach (line 361). A night bus (line N8) runs between Hallenberg and Winterberg. There is more frequent regular service in the direction of Frankenberg (line 520).

On December 1, 1908, the Nuttlar – Frankenberg line was expanded to include the Winterberg – Hallenberg section. On November 14, 1966, travel between Winterberg and Allendorf / Eder ended. Freight traffic between Hallenberg and Allendorf / Eder ceased on May 28, 1967. On May 30, 1992, freight traffic between Winterberg and Hallenberg was also shut down. The route was partially dismantled for road traffic. The nearest train station is in Winterberg, around 17 km away. Local trains run from there in the direction of Bestwig and further in the direction of the Ruhr area and Kassel. The next train station in the south is Frankenberg , also about 17 km away. From there you have a connection to the long-distance rail traffic in the direction of Frankfurt (Main) via Marburg.

The surrounding commercial airports are Kassel-Calden Airport and Paderborn / Lippstadt Airport . Business flight operations are possible via Allendorf / Eder airfield .

media

The Westfalenpost appears as the daily newspaper for the region with a local edition for Brilon and the Hochsauerlandkreis. In addition, the free Sauerland courier appears weekly with information from the entire Sauerland. The Hallenberger Rundblick appears every two weeks with information from the city area.

Public facilities

City Hall

The information and communication center "Kump" and the town hall are located in Hallenberg. There is also a community center in Braunshausen, Hesborn and Liesen. The fire company Hallenberg the volunteer fire department of the city of Hallenberg in Hallenberg has a fire station .

education

The city of Hallenberg is responsible for a primary school. Furthermore, at the Hallenberg school center there is a location for the Medebach-Hallenberg network school with secondary and secondary schools.

Gymnasiums are located in the neighboring towns of Winterberg, Medebach, Korbach and Frankenberg, and secondary schools in Frankenberg and Korbach. A comprehensive school with secondary and high school branches is located in Battenberg / Eder.

The Hallenberg adult education center is affiliated with the Hochsauerlandkreis adult education center.

Personalities

Honorary citizen

• Karl Mause (born March 30, 1858 in Hallenberg, † November 23, 1943 in Trier) was a military chaplain and provost in Trier.
• Father Ansgar Pollmann OSB (1871; † June 20, 1933) had the miraculous image of the Merklinghauser chapel restored. He organized the Hallenberg city archive, published a directory of this extensive archive in 1926 and wrote articles on the city's history.
• Anton Wirtz (* December 24, 1908 in Cologne; † February 18, 2001 in Hallenberg) Honorary Citizen 1995, Federal Cross of Merit 1980; since 1961 honorary director of the city archives; Author of the book Hallenberg as it once was .

Since March 2000, citizens who have made particular merit in economic, social, sporting, cultural or other areas have been awarded the City of Hallenberg's Medal of Merit. A medal is awarded with the city's coat of arms on the front and the recipient's name and the day of the award on the back. After the award, the entry is made in a document book in the city archive.

sons and daughters of the town

• Henrich Stoffregen (*? From Hesborn; † August 4, 1628 in Hallenberg), executed in the witch hunts in Westphalia.
• Adam Poelmann (* 1567; † 1625), pastor in Hallenberg and author of sacred plays.
• Conrad Riesel (*?; † after 1628), notary, town clerk and mayor of Hallenberg. The city owes to him the tradition of numerous city documents that go back to the Middle Ages.
• Johann Anton Knecht (* December 24, 1741 - † October 4, 1810), secretary of Joseph II's court.
• Clara Pfänder (1827–1882), founder and superior of the order
• Ansgar Pöllmann (* 1871; † June 20, 1933), Benedictine priest.
• Adolf Winkelmann (born April 10, 1946), film director and producer
• Carl-Ulrich Meyring (* 1946), artist
• Frank Rainer Scheck (born May 30, 1948 - April 2013), non-fiction author and editor
• Elmar Welge, photographer and journalist
• Wolfgang F. Rothe (born July 16, 1967), priest, theologian, canon lawyer, publicist and whiskey expert ("Whiskey Vicar")
• Lena Hesse (* 1981), illustrator and picture book author
• Christian Paffe (born May 8, 1994), 1st Junior Olympic Champion in sledding

literature

• Johannes Biecker, Gerhard Henkel: Preservation and renewal in the country - The example of Hallenberg. F. Schöningh, Paderborn 1983, ISBN 9783506723048 , p. 155.
• Alfred Bruns: Hallenberger sources and archive directories . Munster 1991.
• Hugo Cramer: The district of Brilon in the Second World War 1939–1945 - reports from many employees from all over the district. Josefs-Druckerei, Bigge 1955.
• Georg Glade: The Hallenberg Jews, Volume 2. Hallenberg 2009.
• Hallenberger Heimatbücher, volumes 1 and 2, available from the city of Hallenberg.
• Fritz Schreiber: Witch trials in the Medebach office . In: Schieferbergbau-Heimatmuseum Schmallenberg-Holthausen: Witches - jurisdiction in the Sauerland region of Cologne. Documentation for the exhibition from July 21st - 4.8.1984, pp. 138-142.
• Hallenberg as it used to be. Unforgettable pictures of the city and its districts. Selected and presented by Anton Wirtz. Meinerzhagen 1977.
• Westphalian city atlas . Volume V, 4th Partial Volume. On behalf of the Historical Commission for Westphalia and with the support of the Regional Association of Westphalia-Lippe, ed. by Heinz Stoob † and Wilfried Ehbrecht. City map Hallenberg, author: Cornelia Kneppe. Dortmund / Altenbeken 1996, ISBN 3-89115-141-1 .
• City of Hallenberg (Hrsg.): Chronicle of the city of Hallenberg by Franz Lachmeyer 1847 . Hallenberg 1981.
• Hochsauerlandkreis - Lower Landscape Authority (ed.): Landscape plan Hallenberg (PDF document), Meschede 2004.

Web links

Commons : Hallenberg  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Wikisource: Hallenberg in the Topographia Westphaliae (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

• Internet presence of the city of Hallenberg
• Hallenberg in the Westphalia culture atlas

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Population of the municipalities of North Rhine-Westphalia on December 31, 2019 - update of the population based on the census of May 9, 2011. State Office for Information and Technology North Rhine-Westphalia (IT.NRW), accessed on June 17, 2020 .   ( Help on this )
2. ↑ Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany, sheet 111: Arolsen (Martin Bürgener 1963; 92 p.) And digital version of the associated map (PDF file; 4.3 MB)
3. ^ Hermann Schmidt , Werner Pleßmann : Sauerland . Ed .: Franz Lotze (=  Geological Guide Collection . Volume 39 ). Borntraeger, Berlin 1961, DNB  454395531 , p. 115 f .
4. ↑ Municipal profile Hallenberg ( Memento of the original from October 29, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 309 kB) 
5. ↑ City of Hallenberg: General Statutes (PDF; 41 kB)
6. ^ Wilhelm Kuhne: "At the Nuhne a farm ..." 1000 years of Merklinghausen. In: Yearbook Hochsauerlandkreis 2004, pp. 65–74.
7. ^ Josef Rüther: Local history of the Brilon district. Münster 1956, p. 38.
8. ↑ Cornelia Kneppe: Castles and cities as crystallization points of rule between 1110 and 1300. In: Harm Klueting (Hrsg.): The Duchy of Westphalia: The Electoral Cologne Westphalia from the beginnings of Cologne rule in southern Westphalia to secularization in 1803. Münster 2009, p. 225
9. ↑ Jens Focken: Solidified Middle Ages. Cities and freedoms of the Duchy of Westphalia in the early modern period. In: Harm Klueting (Ed.): The Duchy of Westphalia, Vol. 1: The Duchy of Westphalia: The Electorate of Cologne from the beginnings of Cologne rule in southern Westphalia to secularization in 1803. Münster 2009, p. 376.
10. ↑ ^{a b} Josef Rüther: Local history of the Brilon district. Münster 1956, p. 141.
11. ↑ Cornelia Kneppe: Castles and cities as crystallization points of rule between 1110 and 1300. In: Harm Klueting (Hrsg.): The Duchy of Westphalia: The Electoral Cologne Westphalia from the beginnings of Cologne rule in southern Westphalia to secularization in 1803. Münster 2009, p. 228
12. ↑ Peter Illisch: Coins and money in the Duchy of Westphalia. In: Harm Klueting (Hrsg.): The Duchy of Westphalia: The Electorate of Cologne Westphalia from the beginnings of Cologne rule in southern Westphalia to secularization in 1803. Münster 2009, p. 709.
13. ^ Josef Rüther: Local history of the Brilon district. Münster 1956, p. 151f.
14. ↑ ^{a b c} Josef Rüther: Local history of the Brilon district. Münster 1956, p. 142.
15. ↑ Georg Landau: The Hessian Knight Castles and their Owners, Volume 4. Verlag von JJ Bohne, Cassel 1839, p. 139 ( online version, Google Books )
16. ^ Wilhelm Janssen: Marshal Office Westphalia - Office Waldenburg - County Arnsberg - Dominion Bilstein-Fredeburg. The creation of the Duchy of Westphalia territory. In: Harm Klueting (Ed.): The Duchy of Westphalia, Vol. 1: The Duchy of Westphalia: The Electoral Cologne Westphalia from the beginnings of Cologne rule in southern Westphalia to secularization in 1803. Münster 2009, p. 248.
17. ^ Josef Rüther: Local history of the Brilon district. Münster 1956, p. 142; Jens Focken: Solidified Middle Ages. Cities and freedoms of the Duchy of Westphalia in the early modern period. In: Harm Klueting (Ed.): The Duchy of Westphalia, Vol. 1: The Duchy of Westphalia: The Electoral Cologne Westphalia from the beginnings of Cologne rule in southern Westphalia to secularization in 1803. Münster 2009, p. 416.
18. ^ Harm Klueting: The Electoral Cologne Duchy of Westphalia as spiritual territory in the 16th and 18th centuries. In the S. (Ed.): The Duchy of Westphalia, Vol. 1: The Duchy of Westphalia: The Electoral Cologne Westphalia from the beginnings of Cologne rule in southern Westphalia to secularization in 1803. Münster 2009, p. 497; Josef Rüther: Local history of the Brilon district. Münster 1956, p. 142.
19. ↑ Jens Focken: Solidified Middle Ages. Cities and freedoms of the Duchy of Westphalia in the early modern period. In: Harm Klueting (Ed.): The Duchy of Westphalia, Vol. 1: The Duchy of Westphalia: The Electoral Cologne Westphalia from the beginnings of Cologne rule in southern Westphalia to secularization in 1803. Münster 2009, p. 391.
20. ^ Bernward Selter: Agriculture, Forest Use and Forestry in the Duchy of Westphalia. In: Harm Klueting (Hrsg.): The Duchy of Westphalia: The Electorate of Cologne Westphalia from the beginnings of Cologne rule in southern Westphalia to secularization in 1803. Münster 2009, p. 779.
21. ^ Thomas Winterberg: Hexenwahn - Hallenberg wants to rehabilitate victims retrospectively. In: Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung . September 13, 2011, accessed March 11, 2013 . 
22. ↑ Hallenberg rehabilitates witches. In: Website of the city of Hallenberg. City of Hallenberg, September 19, 2011, accessed on March 11, 2013 . 
23. ^ Johannes Biecker, Gerhard Henkel: Preservation and Renewal in the Country - The Example Hallenberg , p. 155.
24. ↑ Supreme Order of February 25, 1867, Prussian Law Collection 1867
25. ^ Wolfgang Leesch: Administration in Westphalia 1815-1945 . In: Publications of the Historical Commission for Westphalia . tape 38 . Aschendorff, Münster 1992, ISBN 3-402-06845-1 , p. 378 . [1]
26. ^ Hans-Joachim Behr: State and politics in the 19th century. In: Harm Klueting (ed.): The former Electoral Cologne Duchy of Westphalia in the area of ​​today's districts of Hochsauerland, Olpe, Soest and Märkischer Kreis (19th and 20th centuries). Teilbd. 1. Münster 2012, p. 55.
27. ↑ Jürgen Schulte-Hobein: State and Politics in the 20th Century. In: Harm Klueting (ed.): The former Electoral Cologne Duchy of Westphalia in the area of ​​today's districts of Hochsauerland, Olpe, Soest and Märkischer Kreis (19th and 20th centuries). Teilbd. 1. Münster 2012, p. 110.
28. ↑ Horst Miele: The history of the SPD in Hallenberg. In: Sauerlanders lift the social democracy from the baptism. The history of the SPD in the Hochsauerlandkreis and in its cities and communities. Arnsberg 2013, ISBN 978-3-943973-07-5 , p. 159.
29. ↑ Sauerland Museum : The Sauerland under National Socialism . Becker Druck, Arnsberg 2019, p. 72
30. ^ Georg Glade: POWs and "foreign workers" in Hallenberg 1940–1945. In: Yearbook Hochsauerlandkreis 2006, pp. 24–44.
31. ^ Hugo Cramer: The district of Brilon in the Second World War 1939-1945. 1955, Section Hallenberg, pp. 24-26.
32. ^ Hugo Cramer: The district of Brilon in the Second World War 1939-1945. 1955, section Braunshausen, pp. 26-28.
33. ^ Hugo Cramer: The district of Brilon in the Second World War 1939-1945. 1955, sections Liesen and Hesborn, pp. 28–33.
34. ^ Hugo Cramer: The district of Brilon in the Second World War 1939-1945. 1955, honor roll section Hallenberg, pp. 203–205.
35. ^ Georg Glade: POWs and "foreign workers" in Hallenberg 1940–1945. In: Yearbook Hochsauerlandkreis 2006, p. 43.
36. ^ Ottilie Knepper-Babilon, Hannelie Kaiser-Löffler: Resistance against National Socialism in the Sauerland. Brilon 2003, p. 144.
37. ↑ The West: Fire brigade fighting fire in Hallenberg City Hall on January 25, 2013 , accessed on November 24, 2013.
38. ^ The West: Milestone Town Hall Topping-Out Ceremony in Hallenberg on November 7, 2013 , accessed on November 24, 2013.
39. ↑ ^{a b} Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality register for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 332 .
40. ^ Harm Klueting: Territorial reform - communal reorganization - incorporations. In the S. (Ed.): The former Electoral Cologne Duchy of Westphalia in the area of ​​today's districts of Hochsauerland, Olpe, Soest and Märkischer Kreis (19th and 20th centuries). Teilbd. 2. Münster 2012, p. 267f.
41. ^ Statistical review for the district of Brilon, Düsseldorf 1967.
42. ↑ Numbers according to: Harm Klueting: Population development. In the S. (Ed.): The former Electoral Cologne Duchy of Westphalia in the area of ​​today's districts of Hochsauerland, Olpe, Soest and Märkischer Kreis (19th and 20th centuries). Teilbd. 1, Münster 2012, pp. 372, 377, 379.
43. ↑ ^{a b} Martin Bünermann, Heinz Köstering: The communities and districts after the local government reform in North Rhine-Westphalia . Deutscher Gemeindeverlag, Cologne 1975, ISBN 3-555-30092-X , p. 129 .
44. ↑ Numbers according to: Harm Klueting: Population development. In the S. (Ed.): The former Electoral Cologne Duchy of Westphalia in the area of ​​today's districts of Hochsauerland, Olpe, Soest and Märkischer Kreis (19th and 20th centuries). Teilbd. 1. Münster 2012, pp. 372, 377, 379.
45. ↑ State Office for Data Processing and Statistics NRW.
46. ↑ Census 2011 - Population ( Memento of the original from October 29, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 549 kB) 
47. ↑ Paul Kremmer et al. a .: Hochsauerlandkreis. Economic and demographic conditions for the Hochsauerlandkreis. Expert opinion on behalf of the Hochsauerlandkreis. Wittnau / Bochum 2005, pp. 135–137, cf. 2011 Census - Population ( Memento of the original from October 29, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 549 kB). 
48. ^ Peter Kracht: Sauerland, Siegerland and Wittgensteiner Land. Münster 2005, p. 100.
49. ↑ Census 2011 - Population ( Memento of the original from October 29, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 549 kB) 
50. ↑ Evangelical Sunday newspaper No. 4, January 28, 2007
51. ↑ Homepage of the Pastoral Association , accessed on September 21, 2016.
52. ↑ Map of the Dean's Office ( Memento of the original dated October 29, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
53. ^ Harm Klueting: Monasteries - Monks - Nuns. Orders and Congregations. In the S. (Ed.): The former Electoral Cologne Duchy of Westphalia in the area of ​​today's districts of Hochsauerland, Olpe, Soest and Märkischer Kreis (19th and 20th centuries). Teilbd. 2. Münster 2012, p. 988.
54. ↑ Brief information on the Order's website , entry on the community in Orden-online
55. ^ Reimund Hass: Catholic life and parishes in the area of ​​the old Duchy of Westphalia from the reorganization in the 19th century to the reorganization in the 21st century, In: Harm Klueting (Hrsg.): The former Electoral Cologne Duchy of Westphalia in the area of ​​today's Hochsauerland districts, Olpe, Soest and Märkischer Kreis (19th and 20th centuries). Teilbd. 2. Münster 2012, p. 931.
56. ↑ Homepage Redemptorists of the Province of St. Clemens: Monasteries of the Order Region - Hallenberg ( Memento from January 4, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) accessed on September 21, 2016
57. ^ Pastoralverbund-hallenberg.de: Community mission ( Memento of October 30, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) accessed on September 21, 2016
58. ^ Harm Klueting: Monasteries - Monks - Nuns. Orders and Congregations. In the S. (Ed.): The former Electoral Cologne Duchy of Westphalia in the area of ​​today's districts of Hochsauerland, Olpe, Soest and Märkischer Kreis (19th and 20th centuries). Teilbd. 2. Münster 2012, p. 977.
59. ↑ St. Heribert Parish Library in Hallenberg
60. ↑ cf. in detail: Georg Glade: Die Hallenberger Juden. Kurköln - KZ - kibbutz. 400 years of an eventful history. Hallenberg, 1991, 2nd edition 2009.
61. ↑ Diethard Aschoff: The Jews in the Electoral Cologne Duchy of Westphalia. In: Harm Klueting (Hrsg.): Das Herzogtum Westfalen, Vol. 1: The Cologne Duchy of Westphalia from the beginnings of Cologne rule in southern Westphalia to secularization in 1803. Münster 2009, pp. 682f.
62. ^ Jewish cemeteries in Westphalia
63. ↑ Diethard Aschoff: The Jews in the Electoral Cologne Duchy of Westphalia. In: Harm Klueting (Hrsg.): Das Herzogtum Westfalen, Vol. 1: The Cologne Duchy of Westphalia from the beginnings of Cologne rule in southern Westphalia to secularization in 1803. Münster 2009, p. 698f.
64. ^ Georg Glade: The Jews in the former Duchy of Westphalia. In: Harm Klueting (ed.): The former Electoral Cologne Duchy of Westphalia in the area of ​​today's districts of Hochsauerland, Olpe, Soest and Märkischer Kreis (19th and 20th centuries). Teilbd. 2. Münster 2012, pp. 1047, 1049f.
65. ^ Georg Glade: The Jews in the former Duchy of Westphalia. In: Harm Klueting (ed.): The former Electoral Cologne Duchy of Westphalia in the area of ​​today's districts of Hochsauerland, Olpe, Soest and Märkischer Kreis (19th and 20th centuries). Teilbd. 2. Münster 2012, pp. 1059, 1062, 1065.
66. ^ Georg Glade: The Jews in the former Duchy of Westphalia. In: Harm Klueting (ed.): The former Electoral Cologne Duchy of Westphalia in the area of ​​today's districts of Hochsauerland, Olpe, Soest and Märkischer Kreis (19th and 20th centuries). Teilbd. 2. Münster 2012, pp. 1072, 1074, 1076, 1078; Georg Glade: The fate of the German Jews using the example of Hallenberg. In: The swastika in the Sauerland. Schmallenberg-Holthausen 1988, p. 154.
67. ↑ State database NRW
68. ^ State Office for Information and Technology in North Rhine-Westphalia: Local elections
69. ↑ Bundestag election: overall result of the second votes in Hallenberg
70. ↑ State database NRW
71. ^ State Office for Information and Technology in North Rhine-Westphalia: Local elections
72. ↑ Election of the mayor on August 30, 2009
73. ^ Regional Returning Officer for the State of North Rhine-Westphalia; Ministry of the Interior of North Rhine-Westphalia: local elections
74. ↑ § 2 Paragraph 2 of the main statutes of the city of Hallenberg (PDF; 41 kB), accessed on October 24, 2013
75. ^ Eduard Belke, Alfred Bruns, Helmut Müller: Communal coats of arms of the Duchy of Westphalia . Arnsberg 1986.
76. ↑ Sauerland-Stabil-Stuhl on the Sauerland-Höhenflug website
77. ↑ Sauerland-Stabil observation tower knowledge map on medienwerkstatt-online.de
78. ^ Bernhard Göbel, Ferdinand Tönne, Theodor Tochtrop: The upper Sauerland. Country and people . Bigge 1966, p. 240 f.
79. ↑ Susanne Falk: The cultural life in the cities and villages of the Sauerland region of Cologne in the 19th and 20th centuries. In: Harm Klueting (ed.): The former Electoral Cologne Duchy of Westphalia in the area of ​​today's districts of Hochsauerland, Olpe, Soest and Märkischer Kreis (19th and 20th centuries). Teilbd. 2. Münster 2012, pp. 770f.
80. ↑ Homepage of the Freilichtbühne ( Memento of the original from October 23, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
81. ↑ Membership in the AG Historic Town Centers
82. ↑ Georg Dehio , under the scientific direction of Ursula Quednau: Handbuch der deutschen Kunstdenkmäler. North Rhine-Westphalia II, Westphalia . Deutscher Kunstverlag , Berlin / Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-422-03114-2 , p. 382.
83. ^ Hallenberg - a city as a park, Westfalenpost from June 12, 2009
84. ↑ peace forest
85. ^ Hochsauerlandkreis - Lower Landscape Authority (ed.): Landscape plan Hallenberg, Meschede 2004.
86. ^ Robert Trappmann, Bettina Gräf: LIFE project of the Biological Station Hochsauerland. European bird sanctuary Medebacher Bucht on the way to a successful nature conservation model in the HSK. In: Yearbook Hochsauerlandkreis 2007, pp. 111–124, website of the project
87. ↑ History of the shooting club
88. ^ Josef Rüther: Local history of the Brilon district. Münster, 1956, p. 142; Jens Focken: Solidified Middle Ages. Cities and freedoms of the Duchy of Westphalia in the early modern period. In: Harm Klueting (Ed.): The Duchy of Westphalia, Vol. 1: The Duchy of Westphalia: The Electoral Cologne Westphalia from the beginnings of Cologne rule in southern Westphalia to secularization in 1803. Münster 2009, p. 375; Wilfried Reininghaus: Salt pans, mines and ironworks, trade and commerce in the Duchy of Westphalia. In: Harm Klueting (Ed.): The Duchy of Westphalia, vol. 1: The Duchy of Westphalia: The Electorate of Cologne from the beginnings of Cologne rule in southern Westphalia to secularization in 1803. Münster 2009, pp. 731, 737.
89. ↑ Markets in South Westphalia. A travel book. Coesfeld 2013, p. 109.
90. ^ Wilfried Reininghaus: Salt pans, mines and smelting works, trade and commerce in the Duchy of Westphalia. In: Harm Klueting (Ed.): The Duchy of Westphalia, Vol. 1: The Duchy of Westphalia: The Electoral Cologne Westphalia from the beginnings of Cologne rule in southern Westphalia to secularization in 1803. Münster 2009, p. 746.
91. ^ Wilfried Reininghaus: Commerce and trade in the 19th century. In: Harm Klueting (ed.): The former Electoral Cologne Duchy of Westphalia in the area of ​​today's districts of Hochsauerland, Olpe, Soest and Märkischer Kreis (19th and 20th centuries). Teilbd. 1. Münster 2012, pp. 421, 436.
92. ↑ Jens Focken: School system and teacher training (1803-1945). In: Harm Klueting (ed.): The former Electoral Cologne Duchy of Westphalia in the area of ​​today's districts of Hochsauerland, Olpe, Soest and Märkischer Kreis (19th and 20th centuries). Teilbd. 2. Münster 2012, p. 838.
93. ↑ Winfried Becker: Kusch and Borbet - two important companies shape a rural region. In: Yearbook Hochsauerlandkreis 1988, pp. 47–49.
94. ^ Economy - Hallenberg
95. ↑ Tourist accommodations in NRW 2011-2012 ( Memento of the original from October 29, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 165 kB) 
96. ↑ State Office for Data Processing and Statistics NRW
97. ^ Website of the LEADER-Hochsauerland project
98. ^ Statistical review for the district of Brilon, Düsseldorf 1967, p. 39.
99. ↑ Regionalverkehr Ruhr-Lippe GmbH ( Memento of the original from July 13, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
100. ↑ Graphical timetable 2013 Ruhr-Lippe ( Memento of the original from September 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 716 kB) 
101. ↑ De Fitterkiste. History from Winterberg and his villages, Volume 4 (1992), p. 141.
102. ^ Entry in Westphalian Biographies
103. ^ Commemoration for Hallenberger honorary citizen In: Sauerland 4/1971, p. 85
104. ↑ Hallenberg as it used to be. Unforgettable pictures of the city and its districts. Selected and presented by Anton Wirtz. Meinerzhagen 1977.
105. ↑ Articles of Association Honorary Award (PDF; 65 kB)
106. ↑ Sauerlandruf 1/1964, p. 17