Office Medebach

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The Amt Medebach was one of the administrative districts that the Archbishops of Cologne set up in the 14th century in connection with the formation of the official constitution in the Duchy of Westphalia in order to consolidate their rule in the area. The office fell in 1802 with the duchy to the Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt , who left it largely unchanged in terms of size. In 1817, a few years after the Duchy of Westphalia passed to Prussia, it was briefly converted into the Medebach district and merged with the Fredeburg office . This district was dissolved in 1819, with the old administrative district of Medebach being added to the district of Brilon . The office continued in a reduced form until 1969.

Borders and roads

Office Medebach in the Duchy of Westphalia, 1793

The origin of the Medebach office was in the geographic area of the same name . The border in the south was determined by the Nuhne brook from Sachsenberg to Hallenberg . In the west the area ended at the ridges of the Rothaargebirge around the Kahler Asten . In the north, the villages of Siedlinghausen and Niedersfeld formed the northernmost localities against the border with the Assinghauser Grund . To the northeast, the border stretched along the ridges towards the Waldecker Upland . In the east, over the current state border from North Rhine-Westphalia to Hesse, the districts that were branches of the Eppe parish belonged to the geographic area until the 17th century . In addition, the area around the town of Münden in the southeast was part of the Gogerichts district for a long time .

Neighbors in the east and northeast were the county of Waldeck , the county of Hesse in the south and the county of Wittgenstein in the south-west . The other borders were borders against other offices within the Duchy of Westphalia. To the west were the Bödefeld court , the Fredeburg office and the Oberkirchen patrimonial court, which was established in 1592 . In the north, the free county joined in Assinghauser Grund , which belonged to the Brilon office .

Two supraregional country roads led through the geography. On the one hand, there was Heidenstraße from Kahler Asten in the west via Winterberg and Küstelberg to Niederschleidern in the east. On the other hand, another road led from Hallenberg in the south via Winterberg to the north.

Emergence

A Gograf met in Medebach first time in 1172. This office was for some time in a Goddelsheim wealthy and other places of the district ministerial been administered -adeligen family. From this office she received the name Gogreve or Gaugreben . According to the inventory of the Cologne Marshal's Office in Westphalia drawn up around 1307, Marshal of Westphalia Johann von Plettenberg (1294–1312) acquired the Gogericht Medebach for the Archbishop of Cologne from Heydenricus de Ederen. Along with the cities of Medebach, Hallenberg and Winterberg, this became the nucleus of the Medebach office. Within the Gografschaft, the four cities subordinate to the Archbishop of Cologne had been removed by the Gogericht since the 13th century and had their own judges. The cities of Winterberg, Schmallenberg and Hallenberg were founded around 1250 as small territorial fortress towns. The citizens had to defend their cities and were therefore the squad except the Gografschaft. They concluded multiple alliances among themselves for mutual protection.

For similar reasons, the villages of Deifeld and Niederschleidern had also left the Gografschaft association. Both places were owned by the noblemen of Deifeld in the 13th century . As members of the high nobility, they exercised jurisdiction over the farmers sitting on their property and were thus the owners of two independent patrimonial courts . One of the duties of the noblemen was the defense of the Heidenstrasse between the two villages in the west and the east with the deployment of their farmers.

The advance of the Archbishops of Cologne was made easier by the fragmentation of the original Gaugrafschaft into a large number of small free counties and by the loan or pledge of several districts. Because the chairmen who held the free county as a fief or pledge were too weak to become sovereigns themselves. Therefore, they looked at the property of the free counties primarily from a financial point of view.

Of the seven free counties of the Medebach district, five were products of decay of the original county, while two were based on the high jurisdiction of old bailiwicks . In the 14th century, all five real free counties were directly or indirectly subordinate to the Counts of Waldeck, who held the county in Go Medebach in the 12th and 13th centuries as well as in the parts of Ittergau to the east. Only in the Free County of Münden were the Counts of Waldeck able to extend their count's rights to sovereignty over the long term. Even here, the sovereignty was based primarily on manorial rights and income, which the Counts of Waldeck acquired in 1267 and 1298 as pledges from Corvey Abbey . Above all, a distinction must be made between the open court in front of Medebach itself, which had nothing to do with the Gogericht.

The Archbishop of Cologne's power expanded considerably in the Gografschaft when the citizens of the official cities in the 14th and 15th centuries, when the desertification in this area reached an extraordinary extent, brought almost 20 village districts completely and a few others partially into their hands were able to. As a result, the city boundaries at times took up almost half of the total area.

The boundaries of the office with the rights and income of the bailiff are described in 1548. In addition to the cities of Medebach , Winterberg, Hallenberg and Schmallenberg, the free counties Düdinghausen , Münden, Züschen and Grönebach belong to it. Wernsdorf in the free county of the same name had meanwhile become a desert. It is reported about Schmallenberg that the city was actually not located in the district of the Gogericht, but still belonged to the office.

history

Around 1300 the cities of Winterberg, Schmallenberg and Hallenberg pledged not to tolerate one of their own feuding the city of Medebach. At this point in time there was no mention of the Medebach office. It is explicitly mentioned in 1333, when the Archbishop of Cologne temporarily pledged the office for the first time.

In 1445, Archbishop Dietrich II of Moers pledged the office to Hermann von Dorfeld, in 1452 to Johan von Hanxleden and in 1461 to the noble families of Viermünden and the Schencken zu Schweinsberg for 1879 gold guilders. Another argument for the great independence of the cities in the administrative association is that they were designated as separate offices, especially in the 15th century, even if they were not separated from the Medebach office. It remained in the pledge until 1600. In that year the cities advanced the pledge amount, replaced the pledge and received confirmation of various fairs and tax receipts.

In the Thirty Years War the office was badly devastated. Medebach and Hallenberg in particular were affected by the cities, while Schmallenberg and Winterberg were spared. Medebach never recovered from this blow and from then on stepped back more and more behind the importance of these two cities in office. This can be seen, for example, in the establishment of a regular post office in the 18th century, in which the connection to Medebach was not taken into account. From 1750 onwards, on Mondays, Thursdays and Saturdays, a riding postman ran from Frankfurt via Hallenberg, Winterberg, Brilon and Meschede to Arnsberg . In 1802 the office of Medebach came to the Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt as part of the Duchy of Westphalia. On September 22nd, 1807, a law to redistribute the duchy into 18 offices came into force. The city of Schmallenberg was separated from the Medebach office and assigned to the Fredeburg office. This division remained in place until shortly after Prussia took over power in 1816, when a district of Medebach was set up for a short time .

After 1819 the Medebach office was set up in a reduced form in the Brilon district. In addition to the city, it now included the rural communities of Deifeld, Düdinghausen, Küstelberg, Oberschledorn, Referinghausen and Titmaringhausen. In 1969 the office was dissolved when the city of Medebach was enlarged to include these places.

Border conflicts and border determinations

There were repeated border conflicts with the neighboring territories. After the Eternal Peace of 1495 it became customary to settle these disputes before the Imperial Court of Justice. As a border region, the Medebach Office had to conduct numerous, lengthy processes between 1500 and 1800.

In 1537 the Archbishop of Cologne reached an agreement with the Landgrave of Hesse around the border at Hallenberg. The villages of Bromskirchen and Somplar were finally lost to the Duchy of Westphalia.

When Count Wilhelm von Wittgenstein tried in 1553 to acquire the pledged free county of Züschen and thus claimed sovereignty in this area, long-lasting processes with Kurköln developed. In 1596 they agreed on a border comparison with the county of Wittgenstein to draw the border near Hallenberg to Wunderthausen .

For a long time there was also an argument with the county of Waldeck. The conflicts intensified with the emerging denominational differences. In 1663 the border with the county of Waldeck was described. This resulted in the final loss of the Eppe parish, to which the villages of Hillershausen and Niederschleidern belonged. In return, Waldeck waived all claims to the Free County of Düdinghausen and the parish of Deifeld.

In 1783 an agreement was reached with the County of Wittgenstein over the border on the Kahlen Asten, which had been disputed for two centuries. Wittgenstein received one fifth of the disputed area and the city of Winterberg four fifths.

Incumbents and inmates

In the springs the bailiffs are called " Drost " or "bailiffs" (1461). According to the indigenous privilege of 1662, the Drost was a nobleman from the Duchy of Westphalia. In the 17th and 18th centuries it was quite common for a Droste to hold several offices. A presence in the district was therefore not always given. The bailiff Henneke von Schade, for example, had his seat in Grevenstein .

Judicial functions could also be associated with the position of administrative administrator. Therefore he was also called "magistrate" or "Gorichter". From the 16th century onwards, a qualified lawyer from a Medebach family named Knipschild often took this position. The residents were called "court subjects". The Archbishop of Cologne was only able to take over the high court in the course of the 16th century, when the old free courts had become almost insignificant.

In the official charter of 1461, the duties of the bailiffs at this time are described. They should protect the people from violence, not allow enemies of the elector to take office, protect the streets and fight muggers. You should keep all the covenants of the elector, especially the covenant with the Duchy of Berg . In return, the officials were allowed to take all of the office's income.

Of the functions of the Go Court, national defense by mobilizing the entire rural population capable of armed weapons stood in an outstanding position. In order to ensure the effectiveness of these militias, the bailiff conducted inspections during which the residents had to show him their weapons and their functionality. Seven times a year, the inhabitants of the Office also had to appear and on fixed dates in Medebach the Gogericht to form. They were not obliged to provide any further service to the bailiff. They were allowed to hunt and fish freely within the boundaries of their villages.

The cities enjoyed extensive autonomy within the office . They had numerous electoral privilege confirmations for this. With the exception of the high court, they enjoyed a very large degree of independence. In return, they were obliged to defend their towns and districts, which they protected through land forces . One of the privileges was hunting in their own districts, which the cities paid special attention to and which they protected by force if necessary. In addition, they did not allow the bailiff to interfere in the election of their city councilors.

Bailiffs

  • 1333 John of the County
  • 1347 Henricus called false
  • 1350 Johann II, nobleman of Grafschaft
  • 1356 Dietrich von Schuwe (Schubel / Schovel)
  • 1379 Johann Stremme
  • 1381 Frederick III. from the old house Padberg "the elder"
  • 1397/1400 Diederich Gaugreben "the old one"
  • 1403 John III. from the old house Padberg
  • 1403 Friedrich IV. From the old house in Padberg
  • 1420/1443 Johann von Dorfeld
  • 1420/1452 Hermann von Dorfeld "the elder"
  • 1440 Johann von Hatzfeld zu Wildenburg "the elder"
  • 1452/1456 Johann von Hanxleden zu Körtlinghausen and Kallenhardt
  • 1456/1502 Johann Schenk zu Schweinsberg "the elder"
  • 1456 Guntram Schenk zu Schweinsberg
  • 1456/1485 Conrad von Viermünden zu Nordenbeck
  • 1484/1536 Philipp Schenk zu Schweinsberg
  • 1492/1528 Philip I of Viermünden zu Nordenbeck and Bladenhorst
  • 1528/1548 Johann von Viermünden zu Bladenhorst
  • 1530/1563 Hermann von Viermünden zu Nordenbeck
  • 1540/1571 Guntrum Schenk zu Schweinsberg
  • 1545/1557 Johan Schenk zu Schweinsberg
  • 1563/1584 Philip II of Viermünden zu Bladenhorst
  • 1563/1587 Arnold von Viermünden zu Bladenhorst
  • 1590/1599 Cuno Freiherr von Winnenberg
  • 1601/1617 Heinrich / Henneke Schade zu Grevenstein
  • 1628/1653 Johann Moritz Schade zu Grevenstein and Ahausen
  • 1664/1671 Henning Christian von Schade
  • 1691 Casper Christian Vogt von Elspe zu Siedlinghausen
  • 1696/1712 Jobst Georg von Schade zu Grevenstein and Ahausen
  • 1767 Heinrich Christoph von Schade zu Grevenstein and Ahausen
  • 1767 Clemens von Westphalen zu Laer
  • 1770–1791 Maximilian Friedrich Schade zu Ahausen
  • 1802/1808 Johann Matthias Kyrion
  • 1808 Aloys Hundt

Magistrate

  • 1518 Johann Knipschild
  • 1519/1530 Hermann Vopelen
  • 1518/1553 Johan von der Lippe
  • 1537 Hermann Boxkopf
  • 1534/1580 Johann Knipschild
  • 1580–1596 Bernhard Knipschild
  • 1600/1637 Arnold Knipschild the Elder
  • 1638/1656 Arnold Knipschild the Younger
  • 1666 Heinrich Knipschild
  • 1666/1687 Johann Arnold Knipschild
  • 1720-1722 JG Hoijngh
  • 1770/1791 Johann Bernhard Weise

Exemption

  • 1315 Johannes Hottepe
  • 1340 Herbord Herdegen
  • 1357 Ditmarus de Heckerinchusen
  • 1373/1373 Henrich Munter / Monetarius
  • around 1375 Conrad III. from county
  • 1379 Gerke Stulevinke
  • 1385 Hermann Mersberg
  • 1400 Henkel Lindeman
  • 1402 Cord Reymen
  • 1430 Tyle Cordes
  • 1430/1431 Heinrich Buseman
  • 1440/1451 Wigand Henkus
  • 1445/1459 Conrad V. von Grafschaft , called Voss
  • 1452/1459 Hermann Knollebeins
  • 1460/1495 Heinrich Winands
  • 1472/1475 Hans von Attendorn
  • 1490/1498 Johann Schroder
  • 1501 Hans Volmers
  • 1504/1519 Kilian Hamel
  • 1508/1551 Heinrich Beckman
  • 1593 Johann Riemenscheider
  • 1654/1655 Hermann Schmid

literature

  • Ulrich Bockshammer: Territorial history of the county of Waldeck. Marburg 1958.
  • Alfred Bruns: Hallenberger sources and archive directories. Munster 1991.
  • Karl E. Demandt: The personal state of the Landgraviate of Hesse in the Middle Ages. Marburg 1981.
  • Anton Führer : Historical news about Medebach and its neighboring towns. Naumburg 1938.
  • Bernhard Göbel, Ferdinand Tönne, Theodor Tochtrop: The upper Sauerland. Country and people. Bigge 1966.
  • Carl Haase : The emergence of the Westphalian cities. 4th edition, Münster 1984.
  • Klaus Hamper: Winterberg in Westphalia. A guide through the landscape and its history. Winterberg without a year.
  • August Heldmann: The Hessian pawns in Westphalia in the 15th and 16th centuries. In: Journal for patriotic history and antiquity, No. 48 (1890), pp. 1–78.
  • Albert Hömberg : Church and secular state organization (parish system and court constitution) in the original parish areas of southern Westphalia , Münster 1967, pp. 1–7.
  • Albert Hömberg: Historical news about aristocratic residences and manors in the Duchy of Westphalia, Issue V. Münster 1972.
  • Harm Klueting: History of the city and office of Medebach. Medebach 1994.
  • Nikolaus Schäfer: The Medebach law. Writings of the Heimat- und Geschichtsverein Medebach eV, issue 33, Medebach 2012.
  • Manfred Schöne: The Duchy of Westphalia under Hesse-Darmstadt rule 1802–1816. Olpe 1966.
  • Elisabeth Schumacher: Cologne's Westphalia in the Age of Enlightenment. Olpe 1967.
  • Statistical survey for the district of Brilon. Published by the State Statistical Office of North Rhine-Westphalia, Düsseldorf 1967.
  • Hermann Steinmetz: The Waldeck officials from the Middle Ages ... In the history sheets for Waldeck, Volume 44-64.
  • Johann Suitbert Seibertz: Document book on the state and legal history of the Duchy of Westphalia. 3 volumes, Arnsberg 1839–1854.
  • Manfred Wolf: The archive of the former Grafschaft monastery. Documents and files. Regional studies series for the Sauerland in Cologne. Publications of the districts of Arnsberg, Brilon, Meschede and Olpe, Vol. 4, ed. from the Meschede district, Arnsberg 1972.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Draft law, law on the reorganization of municipalities in the Brilon district, 1969 (PDF; 558 kB)
  2. ↑ Haase pp. 76-80
  3. ↑ Bruns No. 171
  4. ↑ Westfälisches Urkundenbuch, Volume 7, No. 2631, p. 1267
  5. ↑ Seibertz, Document Book, Volume 2 No. 642
  6. ↑ Bruns, No. 36, 47, 411
  7. ↑ Göbel, p. 131
  8. ↑ Bruns, No. 128a
  9. ↑ Bruns, No. 395
  10. ↑ Bruns, No. 2192
  11. ↑ In 1610 he was at the same time Drost of Amt Eversberg and Amt Eslohe , so Wolf, No. 501
  12. ↑ Bruns, No. 311
  13. ↑ Seibertz, Document Book Volume II, 643
  14. ↑ Führer, No. 266, from the Anröchte, Erwitte, Geseke area; Coat of arms at Spiessen
  15. ↑ Führer, No. 272; Wilhelm Thöne, Lords of Grafschaft, Hessian Family History, Volume 4, Issue 7: also Amtman von Wildenburg, Schellenberg, Nordenau, Siegen and Falkenberg
  16. ↑ Führer, No. 292, 1357 Amtmann von Nordenau, Führer, No. 296, coming from the Warburg area
  17. ↑ Führer, No. 349, coming from the Meschede area
  18. ↑ Führer, No. 349, at the same time bailiff of Brilon
  19. ↑ Leader, No. 393 and 399
  20. ↑ Leader, No. 407
  21. ↑ Leader, No. 409
  22. ^ Leader, No. 439
  23. ↑ Führer, No. 439, 1445 Amtmann zu Fredeburg , also calls himself Amtmann von Schmallenberg, Hallenberg and Winterberg, Führer, No. 498, 499
  24. ↑ Führer, No. 486, also calls himself Amtmann von Schmallenberg, Hallenberg and Winterberg, 1469–1477 Hessian bailiff to Biedenkopf, 1458–1461 Marshal of Westphalia
  25. ↑ Führer, No. 486, also calls himself Amtmann von Schmallenberg, Hallenberg and Winterberg, 1460 Amtmann zu Nordenau , 1466 Hessischer Amtmann zu Biedenkopf
  26. ↑ a b c Führer, No. 529, also calls himself Amtmann von Schmallenberg, Hallenberg and Winterberg
  27. ↑ The bailiffs named Schenk and Viermünden were joint incumbents
  28. ↑ Führer, No. 619, 737
  29. ^ Leader, No. 596; Mr. von Nordenbeck , from 1496 also Mr. von Bladenhorst
  30. ↑ Leader, No. 737
  31. ↑ Leader, No. 737
  32. ^ Klueting, p. 309, and Amtmann zu Eversberg
  33. ↑ a b c d e f Klueting, p. 309
  34. ↑ Klueting, p. 309, calls himself "Vogt des Office"
  35. ↑ Klueting, Medebach, p. 312
  36. ↑ Leader, No. 723
  37. ↑ Archive Romberg, StA Münster, Führer, No. 737, Richter
  38. ↑ Archive Romberg, StA Münster, Führer, No. 737, p. 132, Gorichter, Klueting, p. 246
  39. ^ Leader, No. 750, Richter
  40. ↑ Führer, No. 786, Gorichter, No. 792, Richter, No. 801, Richter, No. 1558, Gau- und Stadtrichter, Führer, pp. 242, 247, 255; 1530–1570 free count in Assinghausen, before 1522 and still 1570 free count in Mengeringhausen; 1530–1568 free count in Nordenau
  41. ^ Führer, p. 264, Klueting, p. 252
  42. ↑ Führer, p. 264, † 1637, Klueting, p. 252
  43. ^ Klueting, p. 252, Amts- und Stadtrichter
  44. ↑ a b Wolf, No.A203
  45. ↑ Führer, No. 867, Klueting, p. 252, Amts- und Stadtrichter
  46. ^ StA Münster, Glindfeld Monastery, file 151
  47. ↑ a b Führer, No. 292
  48. ↑ Leader, No. 228
  49. ^ Bredelar, UK 390, 399, Richter
  50. ^ Wilhelm Thöne, Lords of Grafschaft, Hessische Familienkunde, Volume 4, Issue 7
  51. ↑ Leader, No. 394
  52. ↑ Führer, No. 363, also in Züschen
  53. ↑ Leader, No. 397
  54. ↑ Leader, No. 403
  55. ↑ Leader, No. 459
  56. ^ Klueting, p. 240, free graph; 1420–1426 free count in Eversberg
  57. ↑ Klueting, p. 240; 1439–1451 exemption in Hallenberg and Lichtenfels
  58. ↑ Führer, No. 496, 497, 518, 525, 526
  59. ↑ Führer, No. 519, Klueting, pp. 240–241
  60. ↑ Führer, No. 539, 568, free graph; 1464–1465 in Hallenberg, 1474 in Lichtenfels, Klueting, p. 241, Führer, no. 704
  61. ↑ Führer, No. 565, 568, Richter
  62. ↑ Führer, No. 592, 614, 620, 621, 623, Richter
  63. ↑ Führer, No. 704, Richter
  64. ↑ Führer, No. 704, Klueting, p. 241; 1532–1533 free count in Assinghausen, 1532–1538 in Usseln, 1533–1535 in Sachsenhausen, 1536–1537 in Mengeringhausen, 1533 in Korbach
  65. ↑ Führer, No. 710, 724, 731; not until 1519 as an exemption from Medebach, 1526 in Hallenberg and Ober-Alme, Klueting, pp. 244–247
  66. ↑ Führer, No. 840, free graph; 1585 freed in Assinghausen
  67. ^ Klueting, p. 250, free graph