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 View from the Stüppelturm south-southeast to the Kahler Asten |
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| height | 841.87 m above sea level NHN | |
| location | near Winterberg ; Hochsauerlandkreis , North Rhine-Westphalia ( Germany ) |
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| Mountains | Rothaar Mountains | |
| Dominance | 11.8 km → Langenberg | |
| Notch height | 184.3 m ↓ In der Schla , north of Küstelberg , to Langenberg | |
| Coordinates | 51 ° 10 '46 " N , 8 ° 29' 20" E | |
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| particularities | - Lenne and Odeborn source - high heather - meteorological station - Astenturm with Hotel-Restaurant - Skiliftkarussell Winterberg |
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The Kahle Asten is after the Langenberg ( 843.2 m ) and Hegekopf ( 842.9 m ) with 841.9 m above sea level. NHN the third highest mountain in the Rothaargebirge and after the Langenberg the second highest mountain in North Rhine-Westphalia . It is located near Winterberg in the Hochsauerland district .
The Lenne and Odeborn springs and a high heath are located on the mountain . The mountain is the location of a weather station and the Astenturm with an attached hotel-restaurant. There is also a part of the winter sports area Skiliftkarussell Winterberg .
geography
location
The Kahle Asten is located in the northeast part of the Rothaar Mountains and the Sauerland-Rothaar Mountains Nature Park in the Hochsauerland . Its peak rises about 3.3 km (as the crow flies ) southwest of the city center of Winterberg between its districts Altastenberg in the northwest, Neuastenberg in the south and Lenneplätze in the south-southwest.
Natural allocation
The Kahle Asten forms in the natural spatial main unit group Süderbergland (No. 33) in the main unit Rothaargebirge (with Hochsauerland ) (333), in the subunit Winterberger Hochland (333.5) and in the natural area Astenberg (333.54) a singularity of the 4th to 7th order . The landscape falls to the north into the natural area of Nordheller Heights (333.57), to the north-east into the natural area of Harfeld (333.56), to the east into the subunit Hohe Seiten (333.7), to the south into the natural area of Langewiese (333.53) and to the southwest to the west in the sub-unit Lennekessel (333.6).
Rhine-Weser watershed and flowing waters
The Rhine-Weser watershed runs over the Kahler Asten . On the summit area is the aggregate, only periodically water-bearing Lenne source . It is located at an altitude of 825 m , making it the highest spring in northwest Germany. The water of the Lenne , which rises there, flows westwards through the Ruhr into the Rhine . The water of the Negro tributary Renau, which rises in the transition area to the north-northeast Bremberg , also reaches this stream . On the south- eastern slope of the mountain lies the source of the Odeborn, which flows south, and that of the Sonneborn, which flows south-east, on its northeast slope . The water from both bodies of water reaches the Weser via Eder and Fulda .
Mountain height
The height of the Kahler Asten is indicated in the German basic map as 841.9 m , which means that it is "only" the third highest mountain in the region. Because it is often mentioned in weather reports because of its weather station, it is by far their most famous mountain; The Astenturm standing on the summit region with a viewing platform at a height of 862 m also contributes to its popularity . After the Langenberg 843.2 m , which is 11.8 km north-northeast on the border between North Rhine-Westphalia and Hesse , the Kahle Asten is the second highest mountain in North Rhine-Westphalia. It is the highest mountain that lies completely, with its slopes, in this country; The highest point of the state that can be reached on a paved road is on the mountain. In Rothaargebirge also entirely in the Hessian is Upland located Hegekopf with 842.9 m higher than the exposed keys .
It used to be assumed that the Kahle Asten was the highest mountain in Westphalia; the specified height was only 830 m .
Climate and weather station
The Kahle Asten has a climate that is strongly influenced by the westerly winds of the Atlantic and is therefore quite humid. The annual average precipitation here reaches 1420 mm and is almost twice as high as in the north-west German lowlands (750 to 850 mm).
Due to the altitude of the mountain, the temperature is on average 4 to 5 degrees below the lowland values. In winter, therefore, the precipitation usually falls as snow. On average, there is a closed or broken snow cover 120 days a year, the maximum snow depth per winter is on average around 80 cm. The highest value that could be measured was 239 cm on March 9, 1970.
The clouds that accumulate on the western slopes of the Rothaargebirge also lead to an increased frequency of fog and a reduced duration of sunshine. The Kahler Asten is one with only about 1,400 hours of sunshine to the sunshine poorest places in Germany. Especially in autumn and winter, inversion weather conditions (high pressure) can also lead to clear sunshine, while clouds linger in the valley all day.
In the Astenturm there is a permanently manned weather station of the German Weather Service , Essen weather office. It has made a significant contribution to the popularity of the mountain.
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Average monthly temperatures and precipitation for Kahler Asten
Source: wetterkontor.de
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Protected areas
In 1965, the Arnsberg district government designated large areas of high elevation around the summit of the Kahler Asten as a nature reserve (NSG) Kahler Asten ( CDDA no. 82021) for the first time because of the high heath there. In the landscape plan Winterberger Hochfläche (LP), the area was again designated as a nature reserve in 1983 by the Hochsauerlandkreis with a size of 36 hectares . In 1994 the areas of the Kahler Asten, which were not part of the NSG Kahler Asten , became parts of landscape protection areas (LSG): The eastern areas in the city area of Winterberg became part of the LSG area of the city of Winterberg (CDDA no. 325127; 1994; 75.32 km² ) and the areas in the Schmallenberg urban area to those of the LSG Rothaargebirge - Hochsauerlandkreis sub-area 1 (CDDA no. 323981; 1994; 140.53 km²). In 2006, the state of North Rhine-Westphalia also designated the FFH area Kahler Asten (FFH no. 4816-303; 53 ha).
In 2008, the area of the Hochsauerlandkreis (mentioned above) was designated for the third time in the Winterberg landscape plan as a nature reserve Kahler Asten (Winterberg) (48.6 ha). In the same year, for the first time in the Schmallenberg landscape plan , a nature reserve Kahler Asten (Schmallenberg) was designated in the urban area of Schmallenberg. The latter has a size of 1.2 ha and includes a high heath area west of the Winterberg part of the high heath. The district designated the course of the Lenne stream and the surrounding area outside the NSG Kahler Asten as nature reserves Upper Lennetal (Schmallenberg) and Upper Lennetal (Winterberg) . Parts of the Kahler Asten on the Schmallenberg side, which were not designated as NSG, were declared a landscape protection area Schmallenberg SO . On the Winterberg side, areas of the Kahler Asten outside the NSG were designated as LSG in the Winterberg landscape plan . The majority came to the 8,786 hectare landscape protection area Winterberg , which covers large parts of the city area. Two smaller parts with an area of 4.64 hectares have been designated as the landscape protection area of the Kahler Asten ski area. The two partial areas are the parts of the northern and Sahnehang ski slopes , which were designated in 2006 by the state of North Rhine-Westphalia as part of the Kahler Asten FFH area . The landscape protection area of the Kahler Asten ski area has been designated as a type C landscape protection area , meadow valleys and significant extensive grassland. On the protected ski slopes, use as a ski slope has led to the establishment of poor grassland with transitions to dwarf shrub heather. According to the landscape plan, a designation as a nature reserve was waived because of the decades of winter sports use , although the area contains protected biotopes according to § 30 BNatSchG .
Hochheide
The summit of the Kahler Asten is covered by a dwarf shrub heather . It is sometimes referred to as high heather because it was believed to be a relic of the past Ice Age for a while. Hardly any trees grow on the heather, as emerging tree seedlings are bitten by sheep grazing. In some areas, however, natural reforestation is already well advanced due to insufficient grazing. In order to maintain the landscape, manual maintenance interventions are necessary again and again. The vegetation consists mainly of heather ( Calluna vulgaris ), bristle grass ( Nardus stricta ) and dwarf shrubs , including blueberries ( Vaccinium sp. ) And gorse ( Genista see left). The meadow pipit and tree pipit breed on the high heath . The black grouse that used to be found here has disappeared for many years.
The number of visitors to the Kahler Asten is estimated to be more than a million per year. In addition to visitors who arrive by car, many hikers come on foot. There are more than 20 hiking trails, including the European long-distance hiking trail E1 , the Rothaarsteig with four access routes, the Sauerland-Höhenflug , the Hochsauerlandkammweg , the Rothaarkammweg and the Hanseweg , all of which lead over the mountain. In order to reduce the burden on the nature reserve, these paths were merged into the circular path on the Kahler Asten and the two access paths to the tower. In addition to these official routes, there are a large number of trails in the Hochheide. The Biological Station Hochsauerlandkreis counted eight kilometers paths 2011 per square kilometer on the hilltop. A trail concept was developed by the Biological Station, the Lower Landscape Authority of the Hochsauerlandkreis, the Sauerland Mountain Association, the Rothaarsteig Association and other stakeholders. Among other things, obstacles on paths should guide visitors. Young trees and bushes were removed with power saws and trimmers . Some areas were pounded by machine in order to regenerate the heather and to prevent further grassing.
Astenturm and hotel-restaurant
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On the top of Kahler Asten is at 841 m height at the Berggasthof Kahler Asten ( Hotel - Restaurant ) Affiliate Astenturm , a lookout tower . Its platform, which is 862 m above sea level, offers all-round views, especially in the Rothaar Mountains. In very good visibility conditions, the view extends to the Brocken in the Harz Mountains, 163 km away .
The plans for a monument on the Kahler Asten go back to Vormärz . King Friedrich Wilhelm IV visited the mountain as early as 1843 . The plan was to build an observation tower as a memorial to commemorate the 1000th anniversary of the Treaty of Verdun . This treaty sealed the division of the Carolingian Empire into a West Franconian , an East Franconian and a Lotharingian part and was interpreted as the beginning of the independent French and German development. During the revolutionary year of 1848 the Astenturm was the target of a demonstration for the goals of the March Revolution and German unity.
The monument plans were resumed in 1881. The foundation stone was laid on June 22, 1884 by District Administrator Federath, in the presence of numerous guests of honor. In the same year construction of the tower began. The shell , which was already 25 m high , fell victim to an autumn storm. The rumors about a faulty construction could not be confirmed in a subsequent court case. Until 1889, the district administrator was able to persuade private donors and the provincial association of the Prussian province of Westphalia to provide funds for the reconstruction. The opening took place in 1895.
The tower has been an official monument of the Province of Westphalia since 1900, and the weather station in the tower has been in operation since 1918 .
The first renovations were necessary as early as 1923 due to weather-related material fatigue, and at the same time the catering facilities were expanded. New renovation plans began in 1930 and were implemented in 1937.
During the Second World War , heavily used radio equipment of the Wehrmacht was located in and near the Astenturm . During the fighting for the Ruhr basin from March to April 1945, Field Marshal Walter Model , commander of the German troops in the Ruhr basin, also visited the Astenturm. On April 4, 1945, the tower was almost completely destroyed by an artillery direct hit. The US troops fired at the Kahler Asten from the direction of Winterberg , as Wehrmacht troops had holed up on the mountain.
The repair of the war damage lasted until 1955. In 1967 the damaged slate cladding had to be replaced with copper sheet. An exhibition pavilion was added in 1995. In 2004 the tower became the property of Westfälisch-Lippische Vermögensverwaltung, a subsidiary of the Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe (LWL) . This was followed by fundamental renovation and renovation measures, which were completed in December 2005.
After the restoration , the hotel-restaurant opened its doors in December 2005, and the Astenturm itself was accessible again on March 20, 2006. A self-service area, a restaurant area and 17 double rooms are now available.
Since October 2008, the Kahler Asten branch of the LWL Museum for Natural History has hosted the Kahler Asten - The Roof of Westphalia exhibition in the Astenturm . The focus is on the nature reserve Kahler Asten with the Hochheide, the weather station and the history of the Astenturm. Excerpts from amateur films from past decades are also shown.
The amateur radio relay DB0LR for radiotelephony in the 70 cm band is located on the tower .
Winter sports
The Kahle Asten , its surrounding area and its neighboring mountains within a radius of about 40 km are among the most famous winter sports areas in the German low mountain range due to their previous snow reliability . Part of the Winterberg ski lift carousel is located on the mountain .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Topographical Information Management, Cologne District Government, Department GEObasis NRW ( information )
- ↑ Martin Bürgener: Geographical Land Survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 111 Arolsen. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1963. → Online map (PDF; 4.1 MB)
- ↑ Kahler Asten , on quaeldich.de
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^ Westphalia (province) , Brockhaus Lexikon, 14th edition, 1894-1896;
Continuous text excerpt: “... with the highest point in the entire province, the: Kahlen Asten (830 m). ... " - ↑ European Climate Assessment & Dataset , reference period 1981 to 2010, on eca.knmi.nl
- ↑ New foundations of mountain heather on the Kahler Asten. In: Nature in NRW No. 2, 2007, State of North Rhine-Westphalia [PDF] p. 42
- ^ Office for state maintenance of the Westphalia-Lippe Regional Association on behalf of the Hochsauerlandkreis (ed.): Landscape plan Winterberger Hochfläche , Meschede 1983, pp. 73-74.
- ↑ Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
- ^ Hochsauerlandkreis - Lower Landscape Authority (ed.): Landscape plan Winterberg , Meschede 1993, pp. 196–198.
- ↑ Hochsauerlandkreis - Lower Landscape Authority (ed.): Landscape plan Winterberg , Meschede 1993, pp. 100-101.
- ↑ Nature reserve "Kahler Asten (landscape plan Winterberg)" in the specialist information system of the State Office for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection in North Rhine-Westphalia , accessed on February 24, 2017.
- ↑ Nature reserve "Kahler Asten (landscape plan Schmallenberg)" in the specialist information system of the State Office for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection in North Rhine-Westphalia , accessed on February 24, 2017.
- ^ Hochsauerlandkreis - Lower Landscape Authority (ed.): Landscape plan Schmallenberg SO, Meschede 2008, p. 56.
- ^ Hochsauerlandkreis - Lower Landscape Authority (ed.): Landscape plan Schmallenberg SO, Meschede 2008, pp. 57–58.
- ↑ Hochsauerlandkreis - Lower Landscape Authority (ed.): Landscape plan Schmallenberg SO, Meschede 2008, pp. 119–120.
- ↑ Hochsauerlandkreis - Lower Landscape Authority (ed.): Landscape plan Winterberg , Meschede 2008, pp. 119–120.
- ↑ Hochsauerlandkreis - Lower Landscape Authority (ed.): Landscape plan Winterberg , Meschede 2008, p. 137.
- ↑ Ulrich Lange: "Problemberg" Kahler Asten , Sauerland 2012 45/1: 16-20
- ↑ Location height of the Astenturm according to the height information at the entrance to the Astenturm
- ^ Hugo Cramer: The district of Brilon in the Second World War 1939–1945 - reports of many employees from the entire district of Josefs-Druckerei, Bigge 1955; 115
- ↑ LWL-Museum für Naturkunde Kahler Asten , accessed on December 13, 2015, at lwl.org
- ↑ DB0LR - Relay Group Ruhr. Retrieved on July 24, 2019 (German).
literature
- Hochsauerlandkreis - Lower Landscape Authority (Hrsg.): Landscape plan Winterberg. Meschede 2008, p. 100. ( online as PDF; 1.3 MB)
- Reopening of the Astenturm on March 20, 2006. In: Sauerland , Edition 2/2006, pp. 83–85.
- Manfred Spata: How high is the Sauerland? The eight hundred of the Rothaargebirge. In: Yearbook Hochsauerlandkreis , Brilon 2013, pp. 55–68, here: pp. 61–63.
Web links
- 360-degree panoramic picture of the Astenturm with very good visibility , on panorama-photo.net (labeling of visual targets can be activated)