Bristle grass

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Bristle grass
Bristle grass (Nardus stricta)

Bristle grass ( Nardus stricta )

Systematics
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sweet grasses (Poaceae)
Subfamily : Pooideae
Tribe : Nardeae
Genre : Nardus
Type : Bristle grass
Scientific name of the  tribe
Nardeae
WDJKoch
Scientific name of the  genus
Nardus
L.
Scientific name of the  species
Nardus stricta
L.

Bristle grass ( Nardus stricta ), also deer hair , Bürstling , compartment and Narde known, is the only type of single genus Nardus the tribe Nardeae within the plant family of grasses (Poaceae). It is widespread in Eurasia .

description

illustration
Typical habitus of this clump grass

The bristle grass is a hibernating green, perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of between 10 and 30 centimeters. It grows in gray-green, board-like clumps . The dense, firm clumps are enveloped by the yellowish leaves of the previous year. The stalks are thin and rough under the ears .

The leaves are divided into leaf sheath and leaf blade. The leaf sheath has a joint where the lower leaves bend horizontally outwards. The pointed ligule is up to two millimeters long. The leaf blades are bristly and at the same time wild and tightly tufted (so-called "punk head").

The flowering period extends from May to July. The single-flowered, 7 to 15 millimeters long spikelets are narrow, one-sided, slightly convex and initially bristle-shaped (hence the name). The spikelets are purple to bluish. There are no glumes. The lemma is short-awned and very dark. When ripe, the spikelets are obliquely comb-shaped.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 26 or 30.

ecology

The bristle grass is a hemicryptophyte . A dense scattered blanket is created around the eyrie, as the dead leaves are difficult to decompose. The leaves are bristly, so there is probably a peinomorphosis as an adaptation to the soil's lack of mineral salts. The up to 5 cm long rhizome causes vegetative reproduction . It is short, creeping and represents a board-shaped sympodium that is bent in a zigzag shape at the annual sections . There is an arbuscular mycorrhiza , the symbiotic partner is probably the Glomus intraradices fungus, which is typical for corresponding grass symbioses . The species consumes raw humus . It has roots up to 80 centimeters deep.

The flowers are feminine and windy .

The grain ( caryopsis ), which is surrounded by an air space, is covered by the remaining cover and palea. It spreads as a rain swallow and because of the rough lemmas also Velcro spreads , as well as random spread with the ingestion of ungulates . Fruit ripening is from August to October.

Occurrence

Borst grass is widespread in Europe, the Caucasus , Eastern Siberia, Mongolia and Turkey . It occurs in large parts of Europe. In North Africa , it is native to Algeria and Morocco , but is also found in the Azores . The arctic grass is a neophyte in North America and Greenland .

This article or paragraph describes the situation in Austria . Help us to describe the situation in other countries.

In Austria the borst grass is common in all federal states ( rarely in Vienna ) from the (colline) montane to sub-alpine altitude .

The lime-avoiding plant prefers acidic grasslands as a location , especially pasture lawns (in forests it is a relic of grazing ). It occurs only on periodically (or physiologically) dry soils .

Borstgrass is, among other things, the eponymous character species of the alpine plant community Nardetum strictae ( Borstgrasweide , high-montane Borstgrasmatten). But it occurs in various societies of the order Nardetalia, also in the Nardo-Gnaphalietum supini of the association Salicion herbaceae or in those of the association Juncion squarrosi.

Others

Bristle grass is sensitive to liming and fertilization. It is a raw humus pointer and dry peat maker. The grass indicates extensive grazing. It is only eaten by the cattle when it is young, in older stages it is spit out as "corpses of grass after plucking. It has no feed value for the grazing animals. The stiff-necked bristle grass, also known as "Fachs", is also used as stable litter (the harvesting of grass, hay and litter was also called "Fächsen" in the past). It is valued as a paver on gray dunes. Bristle grass is favored by grazing and long blankets of snow.

The name Nardus was arbitrarily transferred to this genus by Linnaeus . In ancient times, nardos (from Indian) was a valerian plant that produced scented oil (nard) ; later this was also used to describe the aromatic-smelling basic axes of various bearded grass species.

literature

  • Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: Our grasses: sweet grasses, sour grasses, rushes , 10th edition, Kosmos, 1991. ISBN 3-440-06201-5 .
  • Hans Joachim Conert: Poaceae . In Gustav Hegi : Illustrated Flora of Central Europe . Volume 1, Part 3, Blackwell Wissenschaftsverlag, Berlin 1994. ISBN 3-8263-3015-3 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Borstgras. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b c Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 240.
  3. ↑ a b c Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
  4. ↑ a b Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Nardus stricta. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved November 7, 2016.
  5. ↑ Alfred Helfenstein: The Namengut Pilate territory. Keller, Luzern 1982, ISBN 3-85766-004-X , p. 40 f. ( Shelf ).

Web links

Commons : Borstgras ( Nardus stricta )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: Borstgras  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations