Pooideae

Pooideae
Helictotrichon filifolium
Systematics
Class : Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida) Monocots Commelinids Order : Sweet grass (Poales) Family : Sweet grasses (Poaceae) Subfamily : Pooideae
Scientific name
Pooideae
Benth.

The Pooideae are a subfamily within the plant family of sweet grasses (Poaceae). The approximately 197 genera with approximately 4234 species are distributed almost worldwide.

description

Illustration from Jost Fitschen, O. Schmeil: Pflanzen der Heimat , 1913, plate 67 of the common flat oaf ( Arrhenatherum elatius ), the soft trespe ( Bromus hordeaceus ) and the meadow bluegrass ( Poa pratensis )

Vegetative characteristics

They are annual to perennial , herbaceous plants with a typical grass-like shape. The vascular bundles of the leaves are arranged in a circle. The parenchymal cells are scattered and spread out. The first leaf to emerge is folded.

Generative characteristics

In the paniculate , racemose or spiked total inflorescences , one to many-flowered spikelets stand together. The flowers are hermaphroditic, both fertile and sterile flowers ( Cynosurus , Lamarckia ) are rare . The lemmas are usually five-nerved in some species, not awned or awned at the tip or from the back. The cavernous bodies ( Lodiculae ) are triangular, often lobed. There are usually three stamens present, rarely fewer. The stylus are separated from the bottom.

Systematics and distribution

Tribus Ampelodesmeae : habitus of Diss ( Ampelodesmos mauritanicus )

Tribus Brachyelytreae : Illustration from Manual of the grasses of the United States , p. 435 from Brachyelytrum erectum

Tribus Brachypodieae : habitus of Fieder-Zwenke ( Brachypodium pinnatum )

Tribus Bromeae : Illustration from Flora Batava , Volume 1 of Tauben Trespe ( Bromus sterilis )

Tribus Diarrheneae : Illustration from Manual of the grasses of the United States , p. 172 by Diarrhena americana

Tribus Lygeeae: Esparto grass ( Lygeum spartum )

Tribus Meliceae: Eyelash Perlgrass ( Melica ciliata )

Tribus Nardeae: Borstgras ( Nardus stricta )

Tribe Phaenospermateae: Anisopogon avenacea

Tribus Poeae: Illustration of the curved thin tail ( Parapholis strigosa ), left and bristle- tailed grass ( Psilurus incurvus , Syn .: Festuca incurva ), right

Tribus Poeae Subtribus Agrostidinae: Agrostis sandwicensis

Tribus Poeae Subtribus Airinae: Aira praecox

Tribus Poeae Subtribus Ammochloinae: Parapholis strigosa

Tribus Poeae Subtribus Aveninae: inflorescence of Avena barbata

Tribus Poeae Subtribus Brizinae: Great trembling grass ( Briza maxima )

Tribus Poeae Subtribus Coleanthinae: Scan of a herbarium specimen of Puccinellia rupestris

Tribus Poeae Subtribus Coleanthinae: hard grass ( Sclerochloa dura )

Tribus Poeae Subtribus Cynosurinae: Awn combgrass ( Cynosurus echinatus )

Tribus Poeae Subtribus Dactylidinae: Goldgrass ( Lamarckia aurea )

Tribus Poeae Subtribus Poinae: Scan of a herbarium from the Jepson Herbarium by Cinna bolanderi

Tribus Poeae Subtribus Sesleriinae: Two-line blue grass ( Oreochloa disticha )

Tribe Stipeae: Celtica gigantea

Tribe Stipeae: Halfagras ( Macrochloa tenacissima )

Tribe Stipeae: Nassella tenuissima

Tribus Stipeae: common awn rice ( Piptatherum miliaceum )

Tribus Triticeae: Illustration of forest barley ( Hordelymus europaeus ), left, and sea ​​rye ( Leymus arenarius ), right

Tribus Triticeae: Rye ( Secale cereale )

Triticeae tribe: Taeniatherum caput-medusae

Tribus Triticeae: Wheat ( Triticum aestivum )

Tribus Triticeae: spelled ( Triticum spelta )

Taxonomy

The subfamily Pooideae was set up in 1861 by George Bentham in Flora Hongkongensis , page 407, there “Poaeaceae” written. Type genus is Poa L. Synonyms for Pooideae Benth. are: Agrostidoideae Kunth ex Beilschm. , Anthoxanthoideae Link , Avenoideae Link , Cynosuroideae Link , Echinarioideae Link , Festucoideae Link , Glycerioideae Link , Hordeoideae Burmeist. , Phalaridoideae Burmeist. , Stipoideae Burmeist. , Secaloideae Rouy .

Internal system

The subfamily Pooideae includes 14 tribes with about 197 genera and about 4234 species (as of 2015).

• Tribus Ampelodesmeae (Conert) Tutin (Syn .: Ampelodesminae Conert ):
  • It contains only one genus:
    • Ampelodesmos Link (Syn .: Ampelodonax Lojac. ): It contains only one species:
      • Diss ( Ampelodesmos mauritanicus (Poir.) T.Durand & Schinz ): It is native to the Mediterranean and is a neophyte in the southwestern USA and other areas of the world .

• Tribus Brachyelytreae Ohwi (Syn .: Brachyelytrinae Ohwi ):
  • It contains only one genus:
    • Brachyelytrum P.Beauv. : Two species occur in eastern North America and one species occurs in eastern Asia.

• Tribus Brachypodieae (Hack.) Hayek (Syn .: Brachypodiinae Hack. , Brachypodieae Hayek ):
  • It contains only one genus:
    • Zwenken ( Brachypodium P.Beauv. , Syn .: Brevipodium Á.Löve & D.Löve , Disticheia Ehrh. , Trachynia Link ): The approximately 17 species are widespread in the Old World and in the New World from Mexico to Bolivia.

• Tribus Bromeae Dumort. :
  • It only contains one genre:
    • Trespen ( Bromus L. , Syn .: Anisantha K. Koch , Avenaria Heist. Ex Fabr. , Boissiera Hochst. & Steud. , Bromopsis (Dumort.) Fourr. , Calliagrostis Ehrh. , Ceratochloa P.Beauv. , Euraphis (Trin. ) Kuntze , Forasaccus Bubani nom. Superfl., Genea (Dumort.) Dumort. Nom. Illeg., Libertia Lej. Nom. Illeg., Michelaria Dumort. , Nevskiella V.I.Krecz. & Vved. , Serrafalcus Parl. , Stenofestuca (Honda) Nakai , Triniusa Steud. , Trisetobromus Nevski ): It contains 90 to 150 species.

• Tribus Brylkinieae Tateoka } (Syn .: Brylkiniinae Ohw; it should be better as a subtribe in Meliceae):
  • It only contains the two genera:
    • Brylkinia F.Schmidt : It contains only one species:
      • Brylkinia caudata (Munro) F.Schmidt : It is common in East Asia.
    • Koordersiochloa Merr. (Syn .: Streblochaete Hochst. Ex Pilg. ): The only two species are common in Africa, Réunion, India, Indonesia and the Philippines.

• Tribus Diarrheneae (Ohwi) CSCampb. :
  • It contains only one genus:
    • Diarrhena P.Beauv. : Of the approximately five species, three species occur in eastern Asia and two in North America.

• Tribus Littledaleeae Soreng & JIDavis (Syn .: Littledaleinae Röser ): It was set up in 2015.
  • It contains only one genus:
    • Littledalea Hemsl. : The four or so species occur from Central Asia across the Himalayas to central China.

• Tribus Lygeeae J. Presl (Syn .: Lygeinae Röser , Spartineae Trin. ):
  • It contains only one genus:
    • Lygeum Loefl. ex L .: It contains only one species:
      • Esparto grass ( Lygeum spartum L. ): It occurs in the Mediterranean region from southwest and southeast Europe to North Africa.

• Tribus Meliceae Link ex Endl. (Syn .: Glycerieae Link ex Endl. , Glyceriinae Dumort. , Melicinae Fr. ):
  • It contains about six (as of 2015) genera:
    • Swaths ( Glyceria R.Br. ): The 15 to 38 species thrive from the temperate areas to the subtropics.
    • Lycochloa Sam. : It contains only one type:
      • Lycochloa avenacea Sam. : It occurs in the area of ​​Lebanon and Syria.
    • Pearl grass ( Melica L. ): Contains 60 to 75 species.
    • Pleuropogon R.Br. (Syn .: Lophochlaena Nees ): It contains five species that only occur in western North America. One species - Pleuropogon sabinei - is circumpolar.
    • Schizachne hack. : It contains only one type:
      • Schizachne purpurascens (Torr.) Swallen : It occurs with three subspecies in North America, in Northeast Asia and in Europe in arctic Russia.
    • Triniochloa Hitchc. : The six or so species are common in the Neotropics, particularly in Mexico.

• Tribus Nardeae WDJKoch (Syn .: Nardinae Kromb. ):
  • It contains only one genus:
    • Bristle grass ( Nardus L. ): It contains only one species:
      • Borst grass ( Nardus stricta L. ): It occurs in the Azores and is widespread in Eurasia, northwestern Africa, Greenland and the northeastern United States.

• Tribus Phaenospermateae Renvoize & Clayton (Syn .: Duthieeae Röser & Jul.Schneider , Duthieinae Pilg. Ex Potztal ):
  • It contains about eight genera:
    • Anisopogon R.Br. : It contains only one type:
      • Anisopogon avenaceus R.Br. : It occurs only in southeastern Australia.
    • Duthiea Hackel (Syn .: Thrixgyne Keng , Triavenopsis P.Candargy ): The three or so species occur in the Himalayas from Afghanistan to western China.
    • Megalachne Steud. : The only two species are endemic to the Juan Fernández Islands .
    • Metcalfia Conert : It contains only one species:
      • Metcalfia mexicana (Scribn.) Conert : It is common in Mexico.
    • Pappagrostis Roshev. : It contains only one type:
      • Pappagrostis pappophorea (Hack.) Roshev. (Syn .: Stephanachne pappophorea (Hack.) Keng , Calamagrostis pappophorea Hack. ): It occurs from Central Asia to Mongolia and northern China. Maybe she belongs to Stephanachne .
    • Phaenosperma Munro ex Benth. : It contains only one type:
      • Phaenosperma globosum Munro ex Benth. : It is common in northeast India, Bhutan, Korea, China and Japan.
    • Podophorus Phil .: It contains only one species:
      • Podophorus bromoides Phil .: This endemic occurs only on the Juan Fernández Islands . He must have died out.
    • Pseudodanthonia Bor & CEHubb. : It contains only one type:
      • Pseudodanthonia himalaica (Hook. F.) Bor & CEHubb. : It thrives in the western Himalayas.
    • Sinochasea Keng : It contains only one species:
      • Sinochasea trigyna Keng : It occurs from the Himalayas to Qinghai.
    • Stephanachne Keng : It only contains one species:
      • Stephanachne nigrescens Keng : It occurs from Qinghai to central China.

• Tribe Poeae R.Br. (Syn .: Agrostideae Martinov , Agrostidieae Dumort. , Airopsideae Gren. & Godr. , Alopecureae WDJKoch , Anthoxantheae Link ex Endl. , Aveneae Dumort. , Beckmannieae Nevski , Calamagrostideae Trin. , Cinnupeae Ohwi , Coleanthorteae . , Dumonteae . , Dumort. , A.Löve & D.Löve nom. Nud., Festuceae Dumort. , Gaudinieae Rouy , Graphephoreae (Asch. & Graebn.) Hyl. , Hainardieae Greuter , Holceae J. Presl , Lolieae Link ex Endl. , Koelerieae Schur nom. Nud. , Milieae Link ex Endl. , Phalarideae Kunth , Phleeae Dumort. , Scolochloeae Tzvelev , Seslerieae WDJKoch , Triseteae Gren. & Godr. , Vilfeae Trin. ): It is divided into about 19 subtribes and contains 45 to 50 genera with about 1200 species:
  • Subtribus Aveninae J. Presl (Syn .: Gaudiniinae Holub ex Tzvelev nom. Nud., Graphephorinae Asch. & Graebn. , Koeleriinae Asch. & Graebn. ): It contains about 15 genera:
    • Arrhenatherum P.Beauv. (Syn .: Pseudarrhenatherum Rouy , Thorea Rouy nom. Illeg., Thoreochloa Holub nom. Superfl.): Since 2007 there are about eight species in Europe, Africa, North and West Asia, including:
      • Common oat ( Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P.Beauv. Ex J.Presl & C.Presl )
      • Arrhenatherum palaestinum Boiss.
    • Avellinia Parl .: There is only one type:
      • Avellinia festucoides (Link) Valdés & H.Scholz : It occurs in the Mediterranean area.
    • Oats ( Avena L. , Syn .: Anelytrum Hack. , Preissia Corda ): The approximately 25 species since 1998 are widespread in temperate areas in Eurasia , from North Africa to Kenya , on the Indian subcontinent and in Macaronesia .
    • Gaudinia P.Beauv. (Syn .: Arthrostachya Link , Cylichnium Dulac nom. Illeg., Falimiria Besser ex Rchb. , Meringurus Murb. ): The five species since 1996 come from southern Central Europe to the Mediterranean and the Azores .
    • Graphephorum Desv. : The roughly two species are distributed in North America from Canada to the northern and western USA.
    • Meadow oats ( Helictotrichon Besser ex Roem. & Schult. S. Str., Syn .: Avenastrum (K.Koch) Opiz , Avenochloa Holub , Danthorhiza Ten. , Elictotrichon Besser ex Andrz. Nom. Nud., Heuffelia Schur nom. Superfl., Neoholubia Tzvelev , Stipavena Vierh. Nom. Superfl.), The species of the genera Avenula and Helictochloa are no longer included: Since 2010, only around 35 species thrive from the subarctic to the temperate areas of Eurasia and the western-central USA; in the tropics only in the mountains, for example on Sumatra, in Japan and Taiwan.
    • Schiller grasses ( Koeleria Pers. , Syn .: Achaeta E. Fourn . , Airochloa Link , Brachystylus Dulac , Collinaria Ehrh. , Leptophyllochloa Calderón ex Nicora , Parafestuca E. B. Alexeev ): It contains about 48 species are in temperate areas of Eurasia, in northwestern Africa, Ethiopia as well as Cameroon to South Africa, New Zealand, North America, Peru to southern South America, on the Falkland Islands and in one way on Madeira .
    • Lagurus L .: There is only one species:
      • Velvet grass or hare tail grass ( Lagurus ovatus L. ): It occurs from Macaronesia across the Mediterranean to the Arabian Peninsula.
    • Leptophyllochloa Calderón ex Nicora : There is only one species:
      • Leptophyllochloa micrathera (É.Desv.) Calderón ex Nicora : It occurs in southern Argentina, from central to southern Chile and on the Juan Fernández Islands.
    • Peyritschia E. Fourn. : The seven species since 2006 are distributed from Mexico via Central America to Venezuela, Ecuador and Peru and on the Galapagos Islands .
    • Rostraria Trin. : The approximately 13 species are distributed in Eurasia and from Peru to Chile. Including:
      • Real tufted grass ( Rostraria cristata (L.) Tzvelev ).
    • Sphenopholis Scribn. (Syn .: Colobanthus (Trin.) Spach , Reboulea Kunth nom. Illeg.): Which are about seven species
    • Tricholemma (Röser) Röser : The two species that have been found in Morocco and Algeria since 2009.
    • Trisetaria Forssk. (Syn .: Haeupleria G.H.Loos nom. Superfl., Sennenia Pau ex Sennen nom. Nud., Trichaeta P.Beauv. ): The approximately 14 species occur on the Canary Islands and in the Alps and are from the Mediterranean to Central Asia and on the Indian subcontinent widespread.
    • Golden oat ( Trisetum Pers. , Syn .: Rupestrina Prov. , Trisetarium Poir. Nom. Superfl.): The approximately 84 species thrive in temperate to subtropical areas and in mountainous regions of the tropics, including:
      • Meadow golden oats ( Trisetum flavescens (L.) P.Beauv. )
      • Golden oats ( Trisetum spicatum (L.) K. Richt. )
  • Subtribus Agrostidinae Fr. (Syn .: Chaeturaceae Link , Calamagrostidinae Lindl. Nom. Nud., Vilfinae Steud. ):
    • Ostrich grasses ( Agrostis L. nom. Cons., Syn .: Agraulus P.Beauv. , Agrestis Bubani , Anomalotis Steud. , Candollea Steud. , Chaetopogon Janch. , Chaeturus Link , Decandolia T.Bastard , Didymochaeta Steud. , Linkagrostis Romero García , Neoschischkinia Tzvelev , Notonema Raf. , Pentatherum Nábelek , Podagrostis (Griseb.) Scribn. & Merr. , Senisetum Honda , Trichodium Michx. , Vilfa Adans. Nom. Superfl.): The 150 to 200 species are mainly in the temperate areas of the northern hemisphere spread.
    • Beach grass ( Ammophila Host , Syn .: Psamma P.Beauv. ): The about four species are found in Europe , North Africa and North America widespread.
    • Ancistragrostis S.T.Blake : There is only one species:
      • Ancistragrostis uncinioides S.T.Blake : It occurs only in New Guinea and Queensland .
    • Bromidium Nees & Meyen : It only contains two types.
    • Calamagrostis ( Calamagrostis Adans. , Syn .: Ancistrochloa Honda , Anisachne Keng , Athernotus Dulac , Chamaecalamus Meyen , Deyeuxia Clarion ex P.Beauv. , Sclerodeyeuxia Pilg. , Stilpnophleum Nevski , Stylagrostis Mez , × Ammocalamagrostis P.Fourn. , × Calammophila fire ex Rauschert , × Calammophila Brand , × Calamophila O.Schwarz ): The 230 to over 280 species and many natural hybrids thrive in the temperate to subtropical areas and in the tropics only in the mountains.
    • Chaetopogon Janch. (Syn .: Chaeturus Link ): The only one or two species occur in Croatia , Italy , San Marino , Morocco and on the Iberian Peninsula .
    • Dichelachne Endl. : The approximately nine species are distributed from the Lesser Sunda Islands via Australia to New Zealand and occur on Tubuai and Easter Island .
    • Drymochloa Holub : It contains up to eight species in Eurasia and North Africa. Your kin group is controversial.
    • Echinopogon P.Beauv. (Syn ..: Hystericina Steud. ): The seven or so species are distributed from the Lesser Sunda Islands to New Guinea , through southern and eastern Australia to New Zealand .
    • Gastridium P.Beauv. : The only two species are found in Macaronesia , from the Mediterranean to Western Europe and Iran and from the Arabian Peninsula via Eritrea via Central Africa to South Africa .
    • Hypseochloa C.E. Hubb . : Of the two species since 1981, one occurs in Cameroon and the other only in the Matengo Hills in Tanzania .
    • Lachnagrostis Trin. : The approximately 38 species and two natural hybrids since 2015 occur from Eritrea via Central Africa to South Africa, on the Arabian Peninsula , from the Lesser Sunda Islands to Australasia , on Easter Island and in the Andes .
    • Limnodea L.H.Dewey (Syn .: Greenia Nutt. Nom. Illeg., Sclerachne Torr. Ex Trin. Nom. Illeg., Thurberia Benth. Nom. Illeg.): There is only one species:
      • Limnodea arkansana (Nutt.) LHDewey (Syn .: Cinna arkansana (Nutt.) GCTucker , Greenia arkansana Nutt. , Limnas arkansana (Nutt.) Trin. Ex Steud. , Limnas pilosa (Trin.) Steud. , Muhlenbergia hirtula Steud. , Sclerachne arkansana (Nutt.) Torr. Ex Trin. , Sclerachne pilosa Trin. , Stipa demissa Steud. , Thurberia arkansana (Nutt.) Benth.ex Vasey , Thurberia pilosa (Trin.) Vasey , Limnodea arkansana var. Pilosa (Trin.) Scribn. ): It occurs from Oklahoma to the southeastern United States and northeastern Mexico.
    • Pentapogon R.Br. : There is only one type:
      • Pentapogon quadrifidus (Labill.) Baill. (Syn .: Agrostis quadrifida Labill. , Stipa pentapogon F.Muell. , Pentapogon billardierei R.Br. nom. Superfl., Pentapogon billardierei var. Parviflorus Benth. , Pentapogon quadrifidus var. Parviflorus (Benth.) DIMorris ): She comes in southwestern as well as southeastern Australia.
    • Podagrostis : Of the five species as of 2019, three occur in western North America and two in South America.
    • Polypogon Desf. (Syn .: Chaetotropis Kunth , Chaetotropsis D.Dietr. Orth. Var., Nowodworskya J. Presl , Santia Savi ): The around 22 species since 2013 are distributed almost worldwide.
    • Triplachne Link : There is only one type:
      • Triplachne nitens (Guss.) Link (Syn .: Agrostis nitens Guss. , Gastridium littorale Durieu ex Parl. , Gastridium nitens (Guss.) Coss. & Durieu , Gastridium triaristatum Durieu , Lachnagrostis gussonis Trin. Nom. Superflat., Milium lendigerum Delile ex Boiss. ): It occurs in Macaronesia and the Mediterranean region.
  • Subtribus Airinae Fr. (Syn .: Corynephorinae V. Jirásek & Chrtek ):
    • Oaterschmielen ( Aira L. , Syn .: Aspris Adans. , Caryophyllea Opiz , Fiorinia Parl. , Fussia Schur ): The eight or so species thrive mainly in the temperate areas of Europe to Iran and from the Himalayas to Tibet and also Africa . They are neophytes in many areas, for example on Mauritius .
    • Antinoria Parl. (Syn .: Airella (Dumort.) Dumort. ): The only two species are common in the Mediterranean area.
    • Avenella Drejer (Syn .: Lerchenfeldia Schur nom. Superfl.): There is only one type:
      • Avenella flexuosa (L.) Drejer : The nine or so subspecies come from Europe to Japan and on mountains on the islands of Malesia , in Macaronesia , in north-western Africa and on mountains in tropical Africa and from Greenland to the central and eastern USA and from southern South America to the Falkland Islands .
    • Corynephorus P.Beauv. (Syn .: Anachortus V. Jirásek & Chrtek , Weingaertneria Bernh. Nom. Rej.): The five or so species are common in Europe and from the Mediterranean to Iran. This includes:
      • Silver grass ( Corynephorus canescens (L.) P.Beauv. )
    • Helictochloa Romero Zarco : It was set up in 2011. The 22 species thrive in the temperate areas of Eurasia, North Africa, Macaronesia, and from subarctic North America to the northern United States. Including:
      • True meadow oats ( Helictochloa pratensis (L.) Romero Zarco , Syn .: Helictotrichon pratense (L.) Besser ): There are about five subspecies.
    • Molineriella Rouy (Syn .: Molineria Parl. Nom. Illeg.): The approximately three species occur in the Mediterranean area and in the Crimea .
    • Periballia Trin. : There is only one type:
      • Periballia involucrata (Cav.) Janka : It occurs on the Iberian Peninsula .
  • Subtribe Ammochloinae Tzvelev : It contains only one genus:
    • Ammochloa Boiss. (Syn .: Cephalochloa Coss. & Durieu , Dictyochloa (Murb.) EGCamus ): The only two species occur on the Canary Islands and from the Mediterranean area to Iran.
    • Subtribus Anthoxanthinae A.Gray (Syn .: Foenodorinae Krause nom. Inval.): It contains only one genus:
    • Anthoxanthum ( Anthoxanthum L. , Syn .: Ataxia R.Br. , Dimesia Raf. Nom. Superfl., Disarrenum Labill. , Disarrhenum P.Beauv. , Flavia Heist. Ex Fabr. , Foenodorum E.HLKrause nom. Superfl., Hierochloe R.Br. nom. Cons., Savastana Cabinet nom. Rej., Torresia Ruiz & Pav. Nom. Rej., Xanthonanthos St.-Lag. ): Depending on the author, the 20 to 40 species thrive in the temperate to subtropical areas and in mountainous regions of tropical Africa; with the species of the Hierochloë also widespread from subarctic to temperate areas and from Mexico to South America.
  • Subtribe Brizinae Tzvelev s. str .: It contains only two genera:
    • Airopsis Desv. (Syn .: Aeropsis Asch. & Graebn. , Sphaerella Bubani nom. Superfl.): It contains only one species:
      • Airopsis tenella (Cav.) Coss. & Durieu : It iswidespreadfrom the western to the central Mediterranean area to northern Greece .
    • Trembling grasses ( Briza L. , Syn .: Brizochloa V. Jirásek & Chrtek , Calosteca Desv. Orth. Var., Chondrachyrum Nees , Macrobriza (Tzvelev) Tzvelev , Tremularia Heist. Ex Fabr. ): The approximately five species are from Macaronesia via the Mediterranean to western Asia and from Europe to Siberia and from the Himalayas to south-central China. They occur as neophytes in many areas.
  • Subtribus Calothecinae Soreng : It was established in 2015 and contains only two genera:
    • Chascolytrum Desv. : (Syn .: Calotheca Desv. , Cascoelytrum P.Beauv. , Erianthecium Parodi , Gymnachne Parodi , Lombardochloa Roseng. & BRArrill. , Microbriza Parodi ex Nicora & Rúgolo , Poidium Nees , Rhombolytrum Link ): Since 2011 about 23 species are from Mexico to Guatemala and widespread from northern to southern Brazil.
    • Relchela Steud. : There is only one type:
      • Relchela panicoides Steud. : It occurs from central to southern Chile and southern Argentina.
  • Subtribus Coleanthinae Rouy (Syn .: Puccinelliinae Soreng & Davis ):
    • Catabrosa P.Beauv. (Syn .: Catabrosia Roem. & Schult. ): The seven species since 2016 are widespread in the temperate areas of the northern hemisphere and from Bolivia to southern South America, including:
      • Spring grass ( Catabrosa aquatica (L.) P.Beauv. ): It is widespread in the temperate areas of Eurasia and North America, but also occurs in Algeria , Libya , Greenland , Argentina and Chile.
    • Catabrosella (Tzvelev) Tzvelev : The approximately eight species since 2010 arewidespreadfrom Eastern Europe to Western and Central Asia to the Western Himalayas and northwestern China.
    • Coleanthus Seidl (Syn .: Schmidtia Tratt. Nom. Rej., Wilibalda Sternb. Ex Roth nom. Superfl.): It contains only one species:
      • Vaginal grass or vaginal bloom grass ( Coleanthus subtilis (Trattinnick) Seidl ): It is widespread in the northern hemisphere from Europe to Russia's Far East, as well as eastern China and western Canada to the northwestern United States.
    • Colpodium Trin. (Syn .: Keniochloa Melderis ): It used to include about 27 species, since 2011 only 4 species. Of the four species, three occur on the mountains of northeastern and eastern tropical Africa and one from Turkey to Iran.
    • Hyalopoa (Tzvelev) Tzvelev : The seven species since 2015 arewidespreadfrom northeastern Turkey to the Caucasus , in Siberia and in the western Himalayas.
    • Paracolpodium (Tzvelev) Tzvelev : The fouror sospecies were previously assigned to Colpodium or Catabrosa . They are distributed from the Caucasus to Siberia, Central Asia, Mongolia and the Himalayas.
    • Phippsia (Trin.) R.Br. : The only three species occur in the subarctic to the western-central USA as well as in northwestern Argentina, one of which is also found in northern India.
    • Swaths of salt ( Puccinellia Parl. Nom. Cons., Syn .: Atropis Rupr. , Cryochloa (Krecz.) Tzvelev , Pseudosclerochloa Tzvelev ): Depending on the author, it contains 109 to 200 species that live in the subarctic and subantarctic and in temperate and subalpine areas thrive.
    • Sclerochloa P.Beauv. : The only three species occur from Europe to China and the Himalayas and also in northwest Africa. This belongs here:
      • Hard grass ( Sclerochloa dura (L.) P.Beauv. )
    • Zingeria P. Smirn. , Perhaps it belongs better to Colpodium : The fiveor sospecies occur from Romania to the Caucasus as well as Kazakhstan and Crimea and from Turkey to Iraq .
  • Subtribus Cynosurinae Fr .: It contains only one genus:
    • Comb grasses ( Cynosurus L. , Syn .: Falona Adans. , Phalona Dumort. Orth. Var.): The nine or so species are widespread in Europe, Macaronesia and from the Mediterranean to Central Asia and the western Himalayas.
  • Subtribus Dactylidinae Stapf : It contains only two genera:
    • Ball grass ( Dactylis L. , Syn .: Dactilis Neck. , Trachypoa Bubani nom. Superfl.): Only two (to six) species are common in temperate Eurasia , Macaronesia and northern Africa.
    • Lamarckia Moench : There is only one type:
      • Goldgrass ( Lamarckia aurea (L.) Moench ): It is widespread from Macaronesia across the Mediterranean to Ethiopia and northern India .
  • Subtribe Holcinae Dumort. (Syn .: Deschampsinae Holub nom. Nud., Aristaveninae F. Albers & Butzin , Scribneriinae Soreng ): It contains about three genera:
    • Schmielen ( Deschampsia P.Beauv. , Syn .: Airidium Steud. , Aristavena F.Albers & Butzin , Campella Link , Czerniaevia Turcz. Ex Griseb. , Erioblastus Honda ex Nakai , Monandraira É.Desv. , Podionapus Dulac , Scribneria Hack. ) : The 50 to 60 species thrive from the subarctic and subantarctic to the temperate areas.
    • Honeygrass ( Holcus L. nom. Cons., Syn .: Arthrochloa R.Br. nom. Superfl., Ginannia Bubani , Homalachna Kuntze , Homalachne (Benth. & Hook. F.) Kuntze , Homoiachne Pilg. , Nothoholcus Nash nom. Illeg ., Notholcus Nash ex Hitchc. Nom. Illeg., Sorgum Adans. Nom. Rej.): The twelve species since 2013 are distributed from Europe to the Caucasus and from Macaronesia to North Africa and South Africa. One species is a neophyte in many areas of the world.
    • Vahlodea Fr .: It contains only one species:
      • Vahlodea atropurpurea (Wahlenb.) Fr. (Syn .: Deschampsia atropurpurea (Wahlenb.) Scheele ): It occurs in the subarctic and temperate areas of the northern hemisphere and in southern South America.
  • Subtribus Loliinae Dumort. (Syn .: Festucinae J. Presl , Psilurinae Pilg. Ex Potztal ): This family group is controversially discussed.
    • Castellia Tineo : it contains only one species:
      • Castellia tuberculosa (Moris) Bor : It occurs on the Canary Islands, in the western to central Mediterranean region, for example in North Africa, on the Arabian Peninsula and in Pakistan .
    • Drymochloa Holub : The approximately five species are distributed in Europe, the Mediterranean, Western Asia and the Himalayas. This kin group is controversial.
    • Fescue ( Festuca L. , Syn .: Anatherum Nábelek nom. Illeg., Argillochloa W.A. Weber , Amphigenes Janka , Asprella Host nom. Illeg., Chloamnia Raf. , Ctenopsis De Not. , Dasiola Raf. , Dielsiochloa Pilg. , Distomischus Dulac , Festucaria Heist. Ex Fabr. , Festucaria Link nom. Illeg., Gramen E.HLKrause nom. Illeg., Helleria E. Fourn . Nom. Illeg., Hellerochloa Rauschert , Hesperochloa (Piper) Rydb. , Leucopoa Griseb. , Leiopoa Ohwi , Loliolum Krecz. & Bobrov in Kom. , Loretia Duval-Jouve , Micropyrum (Gaudin) Link , Mygalurus Link , Psilurus Trin. , Nabelekia Roshev. , Narduretia Villar , Narduroides Rouy , Nardurus (Bluff, Nees & Schauer) Rchb. , Prosphysis Dulac nom. superflux., Tragus Panz. nom. illeg., Vulpia C.C.Gmel. , Wangenheimia Moench , Wasatchia M.E. Jones nom. superflat., Zerna Panz. nom. superflat.): The 300 to 500 species thrive in the temperate areas up to the subtropics as well as in the tropical mountains. This kin group is controversial.
    • Leucopoa Griseb. (Syn .: Hesperochloa Rydb. , Xanthochloa (Krivot.) Tzvelev ) The six or so species are distributed from West to Central Asia to the Himalayas and in North America.
    • Lolch ( Lolium L. , Syn .: Arthrochortus Lowe , Bucetum Parn. , Craepalia Closet , Crypturus Link , Drymonaetes Ehrh. , Gnomonia Lunell nom. Illeg., Loliola Dubois , Micropyropsis Romero Zarco & Cabezudo , Schedonorus P.Beauv. ): The depending on the author 8 to 27 species and many natural hybrids are common in Eurasia. This kin group is controversial.
    • Megalachne Steud. (Syn .: Pantathera Phil. ): The three species since 2017 only occur on the Juan Fernández Islands .
    • Patzkea G.H.Loos : It was set up of 2010. The fouror sospecies occur in Southeastern Europe , Switzerland , Austria , France , the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco , Algeria and Tunisia .
    • Podophorus Phil .: It contains only one species:
      • Podophorus bromoides Phil .: The herbarium specimens come from the Juan Fernández Islands; it is considered extinct.
    • Pseudobromus K.Schum. : The approximately six species are distributed from Sudan to southern Africa and Madagascar .
  • Subtribus Miliinae Dumort. : It contains only one genus:
    • Flutter grasses ( Milium L. , Syn .: Miliarium Moench nom. Superfl.): The six species that have been growing since 2011 have grown in the temperate areas of the northern hemisphere , including:
      • Forest flutter grass ( Milium effusum L. )
  • Subtribus Parapholiinae Caro (Syn .: Monerminae Tzvelev nom. Inval.): It was established in 1982 and contains about eight genera:
    • Agropyropsis (Batt. & Trab.) A.Camus : It contains only one species:
      • Agropyropsis lolium (Balansa) A. Camus : It occurs in Algeria .
    • Catapodium Link : The fouror sospecies occur in Macaronesia , in Europe and from the Mediterranean area to Iran and Djibouti .
    • Cutandia Willk. : The six or so species arewidespreadfrom Macaronesia to Mauritania and from the Mediterranean to Central Asia and Pakistan.
    • Desmazeria Dumort. : The three or so species are common in the Mediterranean,
    • Hainardia Greuter : There is only one type:
      • Hainardia cylindrica (Willd.) Greuter : It iswidespreadfrom Macaronesia across the Mediterranean to Iran .
    • Thin-tailed ( Parapholis C.E. Hubbard ): The roughly six species are widespread from Macaronesia to North Africa and from Europe to Pakistan.
    • Sphenopus Trin. : The only two species occur in the Canary Islands and from the Mediterranean to Central Asia and Pakistan.
    • Vulpiella (Batt. & Trab.) Burollet : It contains only one species:
      • Vulpiella stipoides (L.) Maire : It occurs from the western to the central Mediterranean region.
  • Subtribus Phalaridinae Fr .: It contains only one genus:
    • Glossy grasses ( Phalaris L. nom. Cons., Syn .: Baldingera G.Gaertn. Nom. Superfl., Digraphis Trin. Nom. Illeg., Endallex Raf. Nom. Illeg., Phalaridantha St.-Lag. Nom. Superfl., Phalaroides Wolf , Typhoides Moench ): The approximately 18 species thrive in temperate to subtropical areas and in mountainous regions of the tropics in the Old World and the New World .
  • Subtribe Poinae Dumort. s. l. (Syn .: Alopecurinae Dumort. , Beckmanniinae Nevski , Cinninae Caruel. , Gramininae nom. Inval., Phleinae Dumort. , Phleinae Benth. , Ventenatinae Holub nom. Nud .; Tzvelev nom. Inval.) It contains about 27 genera, the most genera of this tribe:
    • Agrostopoa Davidse, Soreng & PMPeterson : The only three species occur only in Colombia .
    • Foxtail grasses ( Alopecurus L. , Syn .: Alopecuropsis Opiz , Cerdosurus Ehrh. , Colobachne P.Beauv. , Tozzettia Savi ): The 25 to 30 species thrive in the temperate to subtropical areas of the world.
    • Aniselytron Merrill (Syn .: Aulacolepis Hack. Non C. von Ettingshausen , Neoaulacolepis Rauschert ): The only two species are distributed from the eastern Himalayas to Japan and the Philippines .
    • Windhalm ( Apera Adans. , Syn .: Anemagrostis Trin. ): The approximately five species occur in Europe , North Africa and West Asia .
    • Arctagrostis Griseb. : The only two species occur from the subarctic to Mongolia and Canada.
    • Arctophila (Rupr.) Andersson : There is only one species:
      • Arctophila fulva (Trin.) Andersson : It occurs from the subarctic to Canada.
    • Beckmannia Host (Syn .: Bruchmannia Nutt. , Joachima Ten. ): The two kinds arewidespreadin the temperate areas of the northern hemisphere .
    • Bellardiochloa Chiov. : The four species since 2015 arewidespreadfrom Central and Southern to Southeastern Europe and as far as Iran. This includes:
      • Violet bluegrass ( Bellardiochloa variegata (Lam.) Kerguélen )
    • Cinna L. (Syn .: Blyttia Fr. , Cinnastrum E. Fourn . ): The fouror sospecies arewidespreadfrom Northern Europe to Japan and from the northern and central regions to Central and South America (southernmost occurrence in Bolivia ).
    • Cornucopiae L .: The only two species occur from the Mediterranean area to Iraq .
    • Cyathopus Stapf : It contains only one species:
      • Cyathopus sikkimensis Stapf : It occurs from the Himalayas to western Yunnan .
    • Dupontia R.Br. : There is only one type:
      • Dupontia fisheri R.Br. : It occurs from the subarctic to Canada .
    • Dupontiopsis Soreng, LJGillespie & Koba : It was set up in 2015 and there is only one species:
      • Dupontiopsis hayachinensis (Koidz.) Soreng, LJGillespie & Koba : It occurs in Japan .
    • Gaudinopsis (Boiss.) Proper nom. cons .: The probably only four types are considered by some authors to be Ventenata .
    • Hookerochloa E.B.Alexeev (Syn .: Festucella E.B.Alexeev ): The two species since 2008 occur in the southeastern Australian state of New South Wales as well as Victoria and Tasmania.
    • Limnas Trin. : The only three species are distributed from Central Asia to Russia's Far East .
    • Nephelochloa Boiss. : There is only one type:
      • Nephelochloa orientalis Boiss. : It occurs in Turkey.
    • Nicoraepoa Soreng & LJGillespie : It was set up in 2007. The eight species since 2011 are distributed in southern South America to Chile, Argentina and the Falkland Islands .
    • Parvotrisetum Chrtek : There is only one species:
      • Parvotrisetum myrianthum (Bertol.) Chrtek : It occurs from southeastern Europe to the eastern Aegean islands.
    • Timothy grasses ( Phleum L. , Syn .: Achnodon Link , Achnodonton P.Beauv. , Chilochloa P.Beauv. , Maillea Parl. , Plantinia Bubani nom. Superfl., Stelephuros Adans. Nom. Superfl.): The approximately 16 species are in Eurasia and the New World widespread. There are species as neophytes in many countries.
    • Pholiurus Trin. : It contains only one type:
      • Hungarian scaled tail ( Pholiurus pannonicus (Host) Trin. ): It occurs from Central and Southern to Southeastern Europe, in the Caucasus, as well as in Turkey, Western Siberia and Central Asia.
    • Bluegrass ( Poa L. , Syn .: Anthochloa Nees & Meyen , Aphanelytrum Hack. , Austrofestuca (Tzvelev) EBAlexeev , Dasypoa Pilg. , Dissanthelium Trin. , Eremopoa Roshev. , Graminastrum E. HLKrause , Libyella Pamp. , Lindbergella Bor , Lindbergia Bor nom. illeg., Neuropoa Clayton , Ochlopoa (Asch. & Graebn.) H.Scholz , Oreopoa H.Scholz & Parolly , Paneion Lunell nom. superfl., Panicularia Heist. ex Fabr. nom. superfl., Parodiochloa C.E.Hubb. , Phalaridium Nees & Meyen , Poagris Raf. Nom. Superfl., Stenochloa Nutt. , Tovarochloa T.D. Macfarl . & But , Tzvelevia E.B. Alexeev ): It contains 200 to over 500 species. They occur from the subarctic and subantarctic to the temperate zones and the tropical mountains.
    • Pseudophleum Doğan : The two species since 2015 only occur in Turkey.
    • Rhizocephalus Boiss. : There is only one type:
      • Rhizocephalus orientalis Boiss. : It occurs from the Caucasus to West and Central Asia.
    • Saxipoa Soreng : It was set up in 2009 and contains only one species:
      • Saxipoa saxicola (R.Br.) Soreng, LJGillespie & SWLJacobs : It occurs only in the southeastern Australian states of New South Wales as well as Victoria and Tasmania.
    • Simplicia Kirk : The three species since 2016 only occur in New Zealand.
    • Sylvipoa Soreng : It was set up in 2009 and contains only one species:
      • Sylvipoa queenslandica (CEHubb.) Soreng, LJGillespie & SWLJacobs : It occurs only in the Australian states of southeastern Queensland and eastern New South Wales and is a neophyte in Victoria.
    • Ventenata Koeler nom. cons. (Syn .: Gaudinopsis (Boiss.) Eig , Heteranthus Borkh. Nom. Rej., Heterochaeta Besser nom. Superflum., Malya Opiz nom. Superfl., Pilgerochloa Eig ): The approximately eight species occur from the Mediterranean area to Europe and Central Asia.
  • Subtribe Scolochloinae Tzvelev (Syn .: Scolochloeae Tzvelev ): It contains only two genera:
    • Dryopoa Vickery : It was established in 1963 and there is only one type:
      • Dryopoa dives (F.Muell.) Vickery (Syn .: Festuca dives F.Muell. , Glyceria dives (F.Muell.) F.Muell. Ex Benth. , Panicularia dives (F.Muell.) Kuntze , Poa dives (F .Muell.) F.Muell. ): It occurs only in the southeastern Australian states of New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania.
    • Scolochloa Link nom. cons. (Syn .: Fluminia Fr. ): In 2001 a second species was first described:
      • Common fescue reed ( Scolochloa festucacea (Willd.) Link , Syn .: Aira arundinacea Lilj. , Arundo festucacea Willd. , Donax borealis Trin. , Donax festucaceus (Willd.) P.Beauv. , Festuca arundinacea Lilj. Nom. Illeg., Festuca borealis (Trin.) Mert. & WDJKoch , Festuca donacina Wahlenb. , Fluminia arundinacea (Roem. & Schult.) Fr. , Fluminia festucacea (Willd.) Hitchc. , Glyceria arundinacea (Roem. & Schult.) Fr. nom. illeg ., Graphephorum arundinaceum (Roem. & Schult.) Asch. , Graphephorum festucaceum (Willd.) A. Gray , Schedonorus arundinaceus Roem. & Schult. , Scolochloa arundinacea (Roem. & Schult.) MacMill. Nom. Illeg., Scolochloa marchica M.Duvel, Ristow, H.Scholz , Sieglingia festucacea (Willd.) Jess. , Triodia festucacea (Willd.) Roth ): It is in the subarctic to temperate areas of the northern hemisphere from northern Europe and eastern central Europe to Mongolia and the subarctic North America widespread to the central United States.
      • Märkisches Schwingelschilf ( Scolochloa marchica M.Duwel, Ristow, H.Scholz ): It was first described in 2001 and is only known from Germany and Poland.
  • Subtribus Sesleriinae Parl. (Syn .: Miborinae Asch. & Graebn. ): It contains about five genera:
    • Echinaria Desf. There is only one type:
      • Echinaria capitata (L.) Desf. (Syn .: Cenchrus capitatus L. , Panicastrella capitata (L.) Moench , Reimbolea spicata Debeaux , Echinaria todaroana (Ces.) Cif. & Giacom. , Echinaria pumila Willk. , Echinaria spicata Debeaux , Echinaria capitata var. Pumila (Willk. ) Willk. , Echinaria capitata var. Todaroana Ces. ): It occurs from southeastern Hungary to the Mediterranean and Central Asia.
    • Dwarf grass ( Mibora Adans. , Syn .: Chamagrostis Borkh. , Knappia Sm. Nom. Superflat., Rothia Borkh. Nom. Illeg., Sturmia Hoppe nom. Superflat.): It contains only two species, including:
      • Sand dwarf grass ( Mibora minima (L.) Desv. )
    • Oreochloa Link : It contains about four species in Central and Southern, Southeastern and Eastern Europe, including:
      • Two-line blue grass ( Oreochloa disticha (Wulfen) Link ): It occurs in the mountains of Central and Southern Europe.
    • Sesleria ( Sesleria Scop. , Syn .: Diptychum Dulac ): The 30 to 35 species are spread from Europe to Iran and northwestern Africa.
    • Sesleriella (Ard.) Deyl : There is only one type:
      • Ball-headed blue grass ( Sesleriella sphaerocephala (Ard.) Deyl , syn .: Cynosurus sphaerocephalus (Ard.) Wulfen , Sesleria sphaerocephala Ard. , Sesleria leucocephala DC. , Sesleriella leucocephala (DC.) Deyl. ): It thrives in the Alps in Switzerland , in Austria , Italy and Slovenia .
  • Subtribus Torreyochloinae Soreng : It was established in 2003 and contains only two genera:
    • Amphibromus Nees : The twelve species since 1986 occur in Australasia and from Bolivia to southern Brazil and southern South America.
    • Torreyochloa Church : The only three species left since 1991 are widespread in the northern hemisphere from Japan to Korea to Russia's Far East and from Alaska to Canada to the USA.
  • incertae sedis :
    • Avenula (Dumort.) Dumort. (Syn .: Homalotrichon Banfi, Galasso & Bracchi nom. Superfl.): There is only one type:
      • Fluffy meadow oats ( Avenula pubescens (Huds.) Dumort. , Syn .: Helictotrichon pubescens (Huds.) Pilg. ): It is widespread from Europe over the Caucasus and Central Asia to Mongolia . It is a neophyte in some areas.

• Tribe Stipeae Dumort. (Syn .: Stipodae L.Liu , Stipinae Griseb. , Aciachninae Caro , Ortachninae Caro ):
  • It contains 23 (as of 2012) to 27 (as of 2015) genera:
    • Achnatherum P.Beauv. (Syn .: Aristella Bertol. , Lasiagrostis Link nom. Superfl., Lasiagrostis Link , Stipa sect. Lasiagrostis (Link) Hackel , Timouria Roshev. ): The 11 to 50 species are common in Eurasia, North Africa and North America. But they are also sometimes placed in the genus Stipa . There are 18 species in China, six of them only there. This genus also includes:
      • Achnatherum bromoides (L.) P.Beauv. : It iswidespreadfrom Hungary to Iran and the Mediterranean.
      • Silver ragweed ( Achnatherum calamagrostis (L.) P.Beauv. )
    • Aciachne Benth. : The only three species are mainly found in the Andes of South America and one of them - Aciachne acicularis Laegaard - is also found in Costa Rica.
    • Amelichloa Arriaga & Barkworth : Of around five species, one occurs in northern Mexico and the other four are common in South America.
    • Anatherostipa (Hack. Ex Kuntze) Peñailillo : It contains 10 to 12 species; but they are also put to Nassella .
    • Anemanthele Veldk. : It contains only one type:
      • Anemanthele lessoniana (Steud.) Veldkamp : It occurs on the north and south islands of New Zealand.
    • Austrostipa S.WLJacobs & J.Everett : The approximately 64 species occur in South Africa, Australia and New Zealand.
    • Celtica F.M.Vázquez & Barkworth : It contains only one species, but has four subspecies:
      • Celtica gigantea (Link) FMVazquez & Barkworth : It occurs only in northern and central Morocco and on the Iberian Peninsula.
    • Hesperostipa (Elias) Barkworth : It contains a maximum of five species; but they are usually placed on stipends .
    • Jarava Ruiz & Pav .: There are about 31 types.
    • Macrochloa Kunth : It contains only two types:
      • Macrochloa antiatlantica (Barreña, D.Rivera, Alcaraz & Obón) H.Scholz & Valdés : It occurs in southwestern Morocco.
      • Halfagras ( Macrochloa tenacissima (L.) Kunth , Syn .: Stipa tenacissima L. ): It occurs in three subspecies in the western and southern Mediterranean region.
    • Nassella (Trin.) E. Desv. : They 32 to 113 kinds are distributed from North over Central to South America.
    • Ortachne Nees ex Steud. : The roughly three species occur from Costa Rica to Peru and from southern Chile to southern Argentina.
    • Orthoraphium Nees : there is only one type:
      • Orthoraphium roylei Nees : It occurs from the Himalayas to Sichuan and Yunnan.
    • Oryzopsis Michx. : The approximately five species occur in China and from subarctic North America to the USA.
    • Pappostipa (Speg.) Romaschenko, PMPeterson & Soreng : It was established in 2008 with species that were previously assigned to the genus Stipa . The approximately 30 species occur from the USA to Mexico and from Peru to southern South America.
    • Patis Ohwi : The three or so species occur from China to East Asia and from Canada to the USA.
    • Piptatheropsis Romasch. : The approximately five species occur from sub-arctic America to the USA.
    • Piptatherum P.Beauv. : The 30 or so species are distributed from the Mediterranean to Ethiopia and from the temperate areas of Asia to the Himalayas. There are nine species in China, two of which are only there. This belongs here:
      • Common awn rice ( Piptatherum miliaceum (L.) Coss .; Syn .: Oloptum miliaceum (L.) Röser & Hamasha ).
    • Piptochaetium J. Presl (Syn .: Caryochloa Spreng. , Podopogon Raf. ): The approximately 35 species are distributed from Canada to Guatemala and from Venezuela to western South America.
    • Psammochloa A. Hitchc. : It contains only one type:
      • Psammochloa villosa (Trinius) Bor : It occurs in northern China (Gansu, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, northern Shaanxi, Xinjiang) and in Mongolia.
    • Ptilagrostis Griseb. : The 16 or so species occur from Central Asia to Korea and the Himalayas and also in the USA. There are seven species in China, two of which are only there. They mainly thrive on mountains.
    • Pfriemengräs ( Stipa L. , Syn .: Stupa Asch. Orth. Var.): It contains - depending on the opinion whether the species of the genera Achnatherum P.Beauv. , Amelichloa Arriaga & Barkworth , Hesperostipa (Elias) Barkworth , Orthoraphium Nees , Pappostipa (. Speg). Romasch, PMPeterson & Soreng , Pati Ohwi , Stipellula Röser & Hamasha or Trikeraia boron are included - such as only about 100 or about 240 species in temperate to subtropical areas, in the tropics also in the mountains. They mostly thrive in dry and open habitats .
    • Stipellula Röser & Hamasha : The genus, newly established in 2012, comprises six species. They occur from the Mediterranean region to India and Uganda, in Macaronesia and in southern Africa. The species were previously placed in the genus Stipa . This belongs here:
      • Twisted feather grass ( Stipellula capensis (Thunb.) Röser & Hamasha , Syn .: Stipa capensis Thunb. , Stipa tortilis Desf. )
    • Trikeraia Bor : It contains a maximum of four species, but they are also included in Stipa .

• Tribus Triticeae Dumort. (Syn .: Aegilopineae Orb. , Hordeeae Kunth ex Spenn. , Frumenteae Krause nom. Illeg., Secaleinae Rchb. ): It is divided into two subtribes and contains about 27 genera (as of 2015):
  • Subtribe Hordeinae Dumort. (Syn .: Elyminae Benth. , Agropyrinae Nevski , Clinelyminae Nevski nom. Illeg., Roegneriinae Nevski , Henrardiinae CEHubb. ): It contains about 21 genera:
    • Comb Quicks ( Agropyron Gaertner , Syn .: Costia Willk. ): The twelve or so species are mainly found in Eurasia and North Africa, including:
      • Comb Mercury ( Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. )
    • Anthosachne Steud. : The approximately nine species occur from New Guinea to Australasia. She was previously placed with Elymus .
    • Australopyrum (Tzvelev) Á.Löve : The approximately five species occur in New Guinea , in eastern to south-eastern Australia and in New Zealand.
    • Connorochloa Barkworth et al. : It was set up in 2009 and contains only one species:
      • Connorochloa tenuis (Buchanan) Barkworth, SWLJacobs & HQZhang : It only occurs in New Zealand.
    • Crithopsis Jaub. & Spach : It contains only one type:
      • Crithopsis delileana (Schult.) Roshev. : It occurs from the southern and eastern Mediterranean to Iran.
    • Quecken ( Elymus L. , Syn .: Asperella Humb. , Braconotia Godr. , Campeiostachys Drobow , Clinelymus (Griseb.) Nevski , Cockaynea Zotov , Crithopyrum Steud. , Cryptopyrum Heynh. , Elytrigia Desv. , Goulardia Husn. , Gymnostichum Schreb. , Hystrix Moench , Peridictyon Seberg et al. , Polyantherix Nees , Psammopyrum Á.Löve , Roegneria K.Koch , Semeiostachys Drobow , Sitanion Raf. , Sitospelos Adans. Nom. Superflat., Stenostachys Turcz. , Terrellia Lunell nom. Superfl., × Elymotrigia Hyl. , × Elysitanion Bowden , × Pseudelymus Barkworth & DRDewey , × Terrelymus B.R.Baum ): The approximately 176 species are distributed from the temperate and subtropical zones of the northern hemisphere to Central and South America and also in New Zealand. Most of the species are found in Asia. There are about 88 species in China; 62 of them only there.
    • Eremopyrum (Ledeb.) Jaubert & Spach (Syn .: Cremopyrum Schur orth. Var.): The roughly four species occur from the eastern Mediterranean to the Himalayas, from Romania to Mongolia and also in northwest Africa. In China, four species are found only in Tibet, Inner Mongolia, and Xinjiang Province.
    • Festucopsis (CEHubb.) Melderis It contains only one species:
      • Festucopsis serpentini (CEHubb.) Melderis : The two subspecies that have been found on the Balkan Peninsula since 2011.
    • Henrardia C.E.Hubbard : The only two species are spread from the eastern Mediterranean to Central Asia and Pakistan.
    • Heteranthelium Hochst. ex Jaub. & Spach : It contains only one type:
      • Heteranthelium piliferum (Banks & Soland.) Hochst. : It occurs from Turkey to Central Asia and Pakistan.
    • Hordelymus (Jess.) Jess. ex Harz (Syn .: Cuviera Koeler , Leptothrix (Dumort.) Dumort. , Medusather (Griseb.) P.Candargy ): It contains only one species:
      • Forest barley ( Hordelymus europaeus (L.) Jess. Ex Harz ): It occurs from Europe to the Caucasus and in North Africa.
    • Barley ( Hordeum L. , Syn .: Critesion Raf. , Critho E.Mey. , Zeocriton Wolf ): The 30 to 40 species are found in the temperate areas of Eurasia, in Macaronesia, in northern and southern Africa, from North America to Guatemala the Bermuda and Peru to southern South America.
    • Kengyilia C.Yen & JLYang : The approximately 27 species are distributed from eastern Turkey to southwestern Siberia and central Asia to central China. There are 24 species in China; 21 of them only there. These species have so far mostly been placed with Elymus or Elytrigia .
    • Beach rye ( Leymus Hochstetter , Syn .: Aneurolepidium Nevski , Eremium Seberg & Linde-Laursen , Macrohystrix (Tzvelev) Tzvelev & Prob. , Malacurus Nevski , Microhystrix (Tzvelev) Tzvelev & Prob. ): The approximately 55 species are from the subarctic and the temperate areas of the northern hemisphere to Mexico and also in southern South America. There are 24 species in China, 11 of which are only there.
    • Pascopyrum Á.Löve : It contains only one species:
      • Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) Á.Löve : It is widespread from North America to northeastern Mexico.
    • Peridictyon Seberg : It was set up in 1991 and contains only one species:
      • Peridictyon sanctum (Janka) Seberg : It occurs only from southwestern Bulgaria to northern Greece .
    • Psathyrostachys Nevski ex Komarov : The ten or so species thrive in the steppes and semi-deserts of Eurasia . They occur from western Russia to Siberia and northern China and from Turkey to Central Asia and Pakistan. There are five species in China, two of which are only there.
    • Pseudoroegneria (Nevski) Á.Löve : The approximately 15 species are distributed from southeast Europe to the temperate zones of Asia and from Alaska to the USA. So far they have mostly been placed with Elymus or Elytrigia .
    • Rye ( Secale L. ): The approximately nine species occur in eastern Central Europe, in Eastern Europe, from the Mediterranean area to northwestern China and the western Himalayas and in southern Africa.
    • Stenostachys Turcz. : The four or so species occur only in New Zealand.
    • Taeniatherum Nevski : It contains only one species:
      • Taeniatherum caput-medusae (L.) Nevski : It occurs from southern Central Europe, from Eastern and Southern Europe across the Mediterranean and the Caucasus to Afghanistan and Pakistan.
  • Subtribus Triticinae Fr. (Syn .: Aegilopinae Nevski ): It contains about five genera:
    • Aegilops L. nom. cons. (Syn .: Amblyopyrum prop , Aegilemma Á.Löve , Aegilonearum Á.Löve , Aegilopodes Á.Löve , Chennapyrum Á.Löve , Comopyrum (Jaub. & Spach) Á.Löve , Cylindropyrum (Jaub. & Spach) Á.Löve , Gastropyrum (Jaub. & Spach) Á.Löve , Kiharapyrum Á.Löve , Orrhopygium Á.Löve , Patropyrum Á.Löve , Perlaria Heist. Ex Fabr. , Sitopsis (Jaub. & Spach) Á.Löve ): The approximately 23 species come mainly in the Mediterranean and Macaronesia, some species occur as far as North Africa or from Southeast Europe to the Himalayas, Central Asia or China.
    • Amblyopyrum Eig : it contains only one species:
      • Amblyopyrum muticum (Boiss.) Eig : It occurs from Turkey to Transcaucasia .
    • Dasypyrum (Coss. & Durieu) T.Durand (Syn .: Haynaldia Schur nom. Illeg., Pseudosecale (Godr.) Degen ): The roughly two species occur from the Mediterranean to Central Asia.
    • Thinopyrum Á.Löve : The eleven species are distributed from Europe to Central Asia, from Macaronesia to Pakistan and in southern Africa. So far they have mostly been placed with Agropyron or Elymus . This belongs here:
      • Dull-flowered couch grass ( Thinopyrum obtusiflorum (DC.) Banfi , Syn .: Elymus obtusiflorus (DC.) Conert )
    • Wheat ( Triticum L. , Syn .: Crithodium Link , Deina Alef. , Frumentum E.HLKrause , Gigachilon Seidl , Nivieria Ser. , Spelta Wolf , Zeia Lunell ): The approximately five species come from the Mediterranean region to Central Asia and northwestern India and beyond in Ethiopia. As a cultivated plant, the species occur in temperate areas and tropical mountain regions worldwide.

swell

• Pooideae on the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved on August 11, 2013. (Systematics section)
• Bryan Kenneth Simon, 2012: Pooideae at GrassWorld .
• Robert J. Soreng, G. Davidse, Paul M. Peterson, Fernando O. Zuloaga, Emmet J. Judziewicz, Tarciso S. Filgueiras, Osvaldo Morrone: Catalog of New World Grasses (Poaceae) , last update September 2012.
• WD Clayton, MS Vorontsova, KT Harman, H. Williamson: GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora : Online Database. (Section systematics)
• Robert J. Soreng, Paul M. Peterson, Konstantin Romaschenko, Gerrit Davidse, Fernando O. Zuloaga, Emmet J. Judziewicz, Tarciso S. Filgueiras, Jerrold I. Davis, Osvaldo Morrone: A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae). In: Journal of Systematics and Evolution , Volume 53, Issue 2, 2015, pp. 117-137. doi : 10.1111 / jse.12150l PDF.
• The subfamily Pooideae on the AP website. (Sections Description and Systematics)
• Shou-liang Chen, De-Zhu Li, Guanghua Zhu, Zhenlan Wu, Sheng-lian Lu, Liang Liu, Zheng-ping Wang, Bi-xing Sun, Zheng-de Zhu, Nianhe Xia, Liang-zhi Jia, Zhenhua Guo, Wenli Chen, Xiang Chen, Guangyao Yang, Sylvia M. Phillips, Chris Stapleton, Robert J. Soreng, Susan G. Aiken, Nikolai N. Tzvelev, Paul M. Peterson, Stephen A. Renvoize, Marina V. Olonova, Klaus Ammann: In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 22 - Poaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2006, ISBN 1-930723-50 -4 . Poaceae - online with the same text as the printed work . (Sections Description, Distribution and Systematics)
• Thomas A. Cope: Poaceae. in the Flora of Pakistan : Pooideae at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Pakistan . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis (Sections Description and Systematics)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv gw gx gy gz ha hb} Robert J. Soreng, Paul M. Peterson, Konstantin Romaschenko, Gerrit Davidse, Fernando O. Zuloaga, Emmet J. Judziewicz, Tarciso S. Filgueiras, Jerrold I. Davis, Osvaldo Morrone: A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae). In: Journal of Systematics and Evolution , Volume 53, Issue 2, 2015, pp. 117-137. doi : 10.1111 / jse.12150l PDF.
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Thomas A. Cope: Poaceae. in the Flora of Pakistan : Description and Tribe of the Pooideae.
3. ^ Pooideae at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed December 31, 2014.
4. ↑ Robert John Soreng, Gerrit Davidse, Paul M. Peterson, FO Zuloaga, EJ Judziewicz, TS Filgueiras, O. Morrone: Catalog of New World Grasses (Poaceae) , online last update September 2012.
5. ^ Grass Phylogeny Working Group, Nigel P. Barker, Lynn G. Clark, Jerrold I. Davis, Melvin R. Duvall, Gerald F. Guala, Catherine Hsiao, Elizabeth A. Kellogg, H. Peter Linder: Phylogeny and Subfamilial Classification of the Grasses (Poaceae). In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden , Volume 88, Issue 3, 2001, pp. 373-457.
6. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Pooideae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
7. ↑ ^{a b c} Julia Schneider, Elke Döring, Khidir W. Hilu, Martin Röser: Phylogenetic structure of the grass subfamily Pooideae based on comparison of plastid matK gene-3 'trnK exon and nuclear ITS sequences , In: Taxon , Volume 58, Issue 2, 2009, pp. 405-424.
8. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk} Rafaël Govaerts, 2011: World checklist of selected plant families published update. Facilitated by the Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. with the data from the GrassBase database 2006. Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Poaceae. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved February 9, 2020.
9. ↑ WD Clayton, MS Vorontsova, KT Harman, H. Williamson: GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora : Online database, last update January 20, 2016 with all taxa of the International Plant Names Index until November 11, 2015. last viewed on November 30 , 2016 January 2020
10. ↑ Sheng-lian Lu, Sylvia M. Phillips: Brachyelytreae , p. 187 - online with the same text as the printed work , Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (ed.): Flora of China , Volume 22 - Poaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2006, ISBN 1-930723-50-4 .
11. ↑ ^{a b} B. Valdés, H. Scholz, with the participation of E. von Raab-Straube, G. Parolly, 2009: Poaceae (pro parte majore). In: Bromeae in Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity .
12. ↑ Liang Liu, Sylvia M. Phillips: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 22 - Poaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2006 , ISBN 1-930723-50-4 . Diarrheneae , p. 223 - online with the same text as the printed work .
13. ↑ ^{a b} Shou-liang Chen, De-Zhu Li, Guanghua Zhu, Zhenlan Wu, Sheng-lian Lu, Liang Liu, Zheng-ping Wang, Bi-xing Sun, Zheng-de Zhu, Nianhe Xia, Liang-zhi Jia, Zhenhua Guo, Wenli Chen, Xiang Chen, Guangyao Yang, Sylvia M. Phillips, Chris Stapleton, Robert J. Soreng, Susan G. Aiken, Nikolai N. Tzvelev, Paul M. Peterson, Stephen A. Renvoize, Marina V. Olonova, Klaus Ammann: In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 22 - Poaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2006, ISBN 1- 930723-50-4 . Poaceae - online with the same text as the printed work .
14. ↑ ^{a b c d e} SE Sclovich, LM Giussani, AM Ciadella, SM Sede: Phylogenetic analysis of Jarava (Poaceae, Pooideae, Stipeae) and related genera: testing the value of the awn indumendum in the circumscription of Jarava. In: Plant Systematics and Evolution , Volume 301, 2015, pp. 1625–1641.
15. ↑ B. Valdés, H. Scholz, with the participation of E. von Raab-Straube, G. Parolly, 2009: Poaceae (pro parte majore). In: Poeae in Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity .
16. ↑ ^{a b} Zhen-lan Wu, Sheng-lian Lu, Liang Liu, Guanghua Zhu, Shou-liang Chen, Xiang Chen, Sylvia M. Phillips, Robert J. Soreng, Susan G. Aiken, Nikolai N. Tzvelev, Marina V. Olonova: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 22 - Poaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2006, ISBN 1-930723-50 -4 . Poeae , p. 224 - online with the same text as the printed work .
17. ↑ Zhen-lan Wu, Sheng-lian Lu, Shou-liang Chen, Wenli Chen, Sylvia M. Phillips: Aveneae , p. 316 - online with the same text as the printed work , Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds .): Flora of China , Volume 22 - Poaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2006, ISBN 1-930723-50-4 .
18. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j} B. Valdés, H. Scholz, with the participation of E. von Raab-Straube, G. Parolly, 2009: Poaceae (pro parte majore). In: Aveneae in Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity .
19. ↑ Steven Sylvester, Robert Soreng, Diego Giraldo-Cañas: Podagrostis colombiana sp. nov. (Poaceae): a new genus record and species for Colombia. In: Kew Bulletin , Volume 74, July 2, 2019. doi : 10.1007 / s12225-019-9814-5
20. ↑ ^{a b c} Jorge Chiapella, F. Zuloaga: A Revision of Deschampsia, Avenella, and Vahlodea (Poaceae, Poeae, Airinae) in South America. In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden , Volume 97, Issue 2, 2010, pp. 141-162. doi : 10.3417 / 2008115
21. ↑ ^{a b c} Walter Erhardt , Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2. Types and varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 .
22. ↑ B. Valdés, H. Scholz, with the participation of E. von Raab-Straube, G. Parolly, 2009: Poaceae (pro parte majore). In: Stipeae in Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity .
23. ↑ Bryan Kenneth Simon, 2012: Pooideae at GrassWorld .
24. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Zhen-lan Wu, Sylvia M. Phillips: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 22 - Poaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2006, ISBN 1-930723-50-4 . Stipeae , p. 188 - online with the same text as the printed work .
25. ↑ ^{a b} Konstantin Romaschenko, Paul M. Peterson, Robert John Soreng, N. Garcia-Jacas, O. Futorna, A. Susanna: Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the American Stipeae (Poaceae) resolves Jarava sensu lato polyphyletic: Evidence for a new genus , Pappostipa. In: Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas , Volume 2, Issue 1, 2008, pp. 165-192. PDF.
26. ↑ B. Valdés, H. Scholz, with the participation of E. von Raab-Straube, G. Parolly, 2009: Poaceae (pro parte majore). In: Triticeae in Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity .
27. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j} Shou-liang Chen, Guanghua Zhu: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 22 - Poaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2006, ISBN 1-930723-50-4 . Triticeae , p. 386 - online with the same text as the printed work .

further reading

• Elke Döring: Molecular phylogeny of the oat grasses (Poaceae: Pooideae: Aveneae). Dissertation to obtain the academic degree doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. Nat.) Submitted to the Faculty of Natural Sciences I Biosciences at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, April 21, 2009. Full text PDF.
• Martin Röser, Elke Döring, G. Winterfeld, Julia Schneider: Generic realignments in the grass tribe Aveneae (Poaceae) , In: Schlechtendalia , Volume 19, 2009, S, 27-38.
• Julia Schneider, G. Winterfeld, MH Hoffmann, Martin Röser: Duthieeae, a new tribe of grasses (Poaceae) identified among the early diverging lineages of subfamily Pooideae: molecular phylogenetics, morphological delineation, cytogenetics, and biogeography , In: Systematics and Biodiversity , Volume 9, 2011, pp. 27-44.
• Julia Schneider, G. Winterfeld. Martin Röser: Polyphyly of the grass tribe Hainardieae (Poaceae: Pooideae): identification of its different lineages based on molecular phylogenetics, including morphological and cytogenetic characteristics , In: Organism, Diversity and Evolution , Volume 12, 2012, pp. 113-132.

Web links

Commons : Pooideae  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• List of the tribe, genera and species in the NCBI.

 Map with all linked sites: OSM | WikiMap