Beach rye (genus)

Beach rye
	Beach rye ( Leymus arenarius )
Systematics
	Commelinids
Order :	Sweet grass (Poales)
Family :	Sweet grasses (Poaceae)
Subfamily :	Pooideae
Tribe :	Triticeae
Genre :	Beach rye
Scientific name
	Leymus
	Maximum.

Beach rye ( Leymus ) is a genus of plants in the sweet grass family (Poaceae).

description

Illustration from Aquatic and Wetland Plants of southwestern United States , 1972 by Leymus triticoides

Illustration from Billeder af nordens Flora , 1917 of the beach rye ( Leymus arenarius )

Vegetative characteristics

Leymus species are perennial herbaceous plants . They usually form rhizomes . The clumps are usually upright independently.

The renewal shoots usually grow tall outside of the lowest leaf sheaths , more rarely also inside. The leaf sheaths are open at the base, smooth and glabrous. The ligule is a short, membranous border. The leaf blades are flat or rolled up, in the bud position they are rolled up. The leaves are blue-green or blue-gray, rough, glabrous on the underside, rarely hairy on the upper side on the nerves.

Generative characteristics

The annual inflorescence stands individually at the tip of the stalk and is always thicker than the stalk, it forms a spikelet. The ear axis does not disintegrate at maturity. The spikelets are almost sessile and up to four (rarely up to 7) are placed side by side at steps of the spike axis; within the glumes they are petiolate. The 10 to 32 millimeter long spikelets have three to five (rarely seven) flowers, the uppermost mostly male, the others hermaphroditic. The spikelets are laterally compressed. As the fruit ripens, the flowers fall individually from the glumes and remain standing. The glumes are one to five-veined, from narrow-lanceolate to linear-awl shape, glabrous or hairy, without or with short awns . The lemmas are five to seven-veined, lanceolate in shape and have little or no awn. The palea are two-veined and almost as long as the lemma. There are three stamens. The ovary is hairy on top.

The caryopses are short haired at the tip, and fused with the cover and palea. The embryo is elliptical, the umbilicus is line-shaped.

The basic chromosome number is x = 14, within the genus there is a series of ploids up to octoploid species (such as Leymus arenarius ).

Systematics and distribution

The genus Leymus was set up by Christian Ferdinand Hochstetter in Flora , Volume 31, Page 118 in 1848 . The genus name Leymus was formed by the first describer, Christian Ferdinand Hochstetter, as an anagram for the genus Elymus , from which Leymus was separated. Synonyms for Leymus Hochst. are: Aneurolepidium Nevski , Malacurus Nevski , Eremium Seberg & Linde-Laursen , Macrohystrix (Tzvelev) Tzvelev & Prob. , Microhystrix (Tzvelev) Tzvelev & Prob.

The genus Leymus belongs to the tribe Triticeae in the subfamily Pooideae within the family Poaceae . The genus Leymus is closely related to Psathyrostachys . The two genera have the same ancestors, or Leymus arose from Psathyrostachys . Some species of the two genera are closer to each other than the other species of their own genus. The question of whether Leymus arose from Psathyrostachys through autopolyploidy , or whether it is an allopolyploid clan , remains unanswered.

The genus Leymus is distributed worldwide with the exception of Africa. The Leymus species occur mainly in the temperate areas of the northern hemisphere . There are about 24 species in China; 11 of them only there.

Habitus of Leymus ambiguus

Leymus cinereus

Habit of Leymus mollis

Leymus racemosus

The information on the number of species varies between 30 and over 40 or around 50:

Leymus aemulans (Nevski) Tzvelev : It is distributed from Central Asia ( Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , Russia , Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan ) to Xinjiang .

Leymus ajanensis (JJVassil.) Tzvelev : It is distributed from Siberia to Alaska .

Leymus akmolinensis (Drobow) Tzvelev : The home is southern European Russia to Siberia.

Leymus alaicus (Korsh.) Tzvelev : The home is Central Asia .

Leymus altus D.F.Cui : This endemic thrives on the edges of fields and in gardens at altitudes of around 2200 meters only in Yecheng in Xinjiang.

Leymus ambiguus (Vasey & Scribn.) DRDewey : There are no more subtaxas . The home is the USA .

Leymus angustus (Trin.) Pilg. : It iswidespreadfrom Europe through Southwest Asia and Central Asia to Siberia and northern China.

Beach rye ( Leymus arenarius (L.) Hochst. ): Home is Europe.

Leymus aristiglumis L.B.Cai : This endemic thrives on mountain slopes at altitudes of around 2600 meters only in Xining in Qinghai.

Leymus cappadocicus (Boiss. & Balansa) Melderis : Home is Turkey and Afghanistan .

Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvelev : It is distributed from Siberia via Mongolia , Inner Mongolia and China to Korea .

Leymus cinereus (Scribn. & Merr.) Á.Löve : The home is western Canada and the USA.

Leymus condensatus (J.Presl) Á.Löve : Home is California and northern Mexico .

Leymus crassiusculus L.B.Cai : It thrives on the edges of fields at altitudes of around 3000 meters in the Chinese provinces of Qinghai (only Xinghai ) and Shanxi ( Pianguan ) as well as Taiyuan .

Leymus divaricatus (Drobow) Tzvelev : The home is Kazakhstan.

Leymus duthiei (Stapf ex Hook. F.) C.Yen, JLYang & BRBaum : The two varieties are distributed from the Himalayas to China, Korea and Japan .

Leymus erianthus (Phil.) Dubc. : The home is Chile and western Argentina.

Leymus flavescens (Scribn. & JGSm.) Pilg. : The home is western Canada and the western USA.

Leymus flexilis (Nevski) Tzvelev : Home is Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

Leymus flexus L.B.Cai : It thrives on mountain slopes at altitudes of around 3200 meters in the Chinese provinces of Gansu , Qinghai (only Xinghai and Xining) and Shanxi .

Leymus golmudensis Y.H.Wu : It wasfirst describedin 2013 from Qinghai .

Leymus innovatus (Beal) Pilg. : The home is the sub-arctic North America to the USA.

Leymus karelinii (Turcz.) Tzvelev : It is distributed from European Russia via Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan to Xinjiang.

Leymus komarovii (Roshev.) JLYang & C.Yen : It is distributed from China and Korea to Russia's Far East.

Leymus kopetdaghensis (Roshev.) Tzvelev : This endemic occurs only in southern Turkmenistan.

Leymus lanatus (Korsh.) Tzvelev : Home is Central Asia to Afghanistan.

Leymus latiglumis Tzvelev : The homeland is Uzbekistan.

Leymus leptostachyus L.B.Cai & X.Su : It was first described in 2007. It thrives at altitudes of 2200 to 3000 meters in the Chinese provinces of Qinghai and Xinjiang.

Leymus mollis (Trin.) Pilg. : The home is China, Korea and Japan, Russia's Far East and subarctic North America to the USA.

Leymus multicaulis (Kar. & Kir.) Tzvelev : It iswidespreadfrom Southwest Asia and southern European Russia via Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan to the Altai and Xinjiang.

Leymus mundus L.B.Cai & X.Su : It was first described in 2007. It thrives at altitudes of 1500 to 4300 meters in Tibet and in the Chinese provinces of Gansu and Qinghai.

Leymus nikitinii (Czopanov) Tzvelev : This endemic occurs only in southern Turkmenistan.

Leymus obvipodus L.B.Cai : It thrives at altitudes of around 2900 meters in Qinghai.

Leymus ordensis Peschkova : The home is Siberia.

Leymus paboanus (Claus) Pilg. : It iswidespreadfrom southern European Russia and southwest Asia through Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan to Afghanistan and Mongolia.

Leymus pacificus (Gould) DRDewey : Home is California.

Leymus paucispiculus L.B.Cai : It was first described in 2006 and occurs in the Chinese provinces of Qinghai and Gansu.

Leymus pendulus L.B.Cai : It was first described in 2000. This endemic thrives on the edges of woodlands, in mountain valleys and at the base of walls at altitudes of 2300 to 2400 meters only in Xining in Qinghai.

Leymus pishanicus S.L. Lu & YHWu : It thrives on alpine mats at altitudes of around 2600 meters in Xinjiang.

Leymus pluriflorus L.B.Cai & Tong L.Zhang : It was first described in 2009 and occurs in the Chinese provinces of Qinghai and Gansu .

Leymus pseudoracemosus C.Yen & JLYang : It thrives in sandy locations in the Chinese province of Qinghai.

Leymus pubens H.X.Xiao : It was first described from northern China in 2012.

Leymus pubinodis (Keng) Á.Löve : The home is Xinjiang.

Leymus racemosus (Lam.) Tzvelev : It is distributed in Southeast and Eastern Europe to the Caucasus and Siberia, in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Mongolia and Xinjiang.

Leymus ramosus (K. Richt.) Tzvelev : The home is Eastern Europe to the Caucasus and Mongolia.

Leymus ruoqiangensis S.L. Lu & YHWu (Syn .: Leymus arjinshanicus subsp. Ruoqiangensis (SLLu & YHWu) DFCui ): It thrives on alkaline soils in the high mountains at altitudes of 3600 to 4100 meters in Xinjiang and Qinghai.

Leymus salina (MEJones) Á.Löve : Home is the USA.

Leymus secalinus (Georgi) Tzvelev : Home is from Siberia to Korea and the Himalayas.

Leymus shanxiensis G.H.Zhu & SLChen : This endemic thrives on grasslands at altitudes of 1300 to 3700 meters only in Pinglu and Youyu in the Chinese province of Shanxi.

Leymus sibiricus (Trautv.) JLYang & C.Yen : It occurs from Siberia to Russia's Far East.

Leymus spiniformis L.B.Cai & X.Su : It was first described in 2007. It thrives at altitudes of 1400 to 4800 meters in the Chinese provinces of Qinghai and Shanxi .

Leymus tianschanicus (Drobow) Tzvelev : The home extends from Iran to Central Asia and northern China.

Leymus triticoides (Buckley) Pilg. : It is distributed from western Canada to northern Mexico.

Leymus villosissimus (Scribn.) Tzvelev : The homeland ranges from eastern Siberia to western Canada.

Leymus yiunensis N.R. Cui & DFCui : It thrives on meadows at altitudes of around 2400 meters in Burqin , Yecheng and Yiwu in Xinjiang.

use

Some Leymus species serve as fodder plants.

supporting documents

Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .
Shou-liang Chen, De-Zhu Li, Guanghua Zhu, Zhenlan Wu, Sheng-lian Lu, Liang Liu, Zheng-ping Wang, Bi-xing Sun, Zheng-de Zhu, Nianhe Xia, Liang-zhi Jia, Zhenhua Guo, Wenli Chen, Xiang Chen, Guangyao Yang, Sylvia M. Phillips, Chris Stapleton, Robert J. Soreng, Susan G. Aiken, Nikolai N. Tzvelev, Paul M. Peterson, Stephen A. Renvoize, Marina V. Olonova, Klaus Ammann: Poaceae. : Leymus , pp. 386-394 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China , Volume 22 - Poaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press , Beijing and St. Louis, 2006, ISBN 1-930723-50-4 . (Sections Description, Distribution and Systematics)
Chi Yen, Jun ‐ Liang Yang, Bernard R. Baum: Synopsis of Leymus Hochst. (Triticeae: Poaceae). In: Journal of Systematics and Evolution , Volume 47, Issue 1, 2009, pp. 67-86. doi : 10.1111 / j.1759-6831.2009.00004.x (section systematics)
Li ‐ Na Sha, Xing Fan, Hai ‐ Qin Zhang, Hou ‐ Yang Kang, Yi Wang, Xiao ‐ Li Wang, Xiao ‐ Fang Yu, Yong ‐ Hong Zhou: Phylogeny and molecular evolution of the DMC1 gene in the polyploid genus Leymus ( Triticeae: Poaceae) and its diploid relatives. In: Journal of Systematics and Evolution , Volume 54, 3, 2016, pp. 250-263. doi : 10.1111 / jse.12188

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x Shou-liang Chen, De-Zhu Li, Guanghua Zhu, Zhenlan Wu, Sheng-lian Lu, Liang Liu, Zheng -ping Wang, Bi-xing Sun, Zheng-de Zhu, Nianhe Xia, Liang-zhi Jia, Zhenhua Guo, Wenli Chen, Xiang Chen, Guangyao Yang, Sylvia M. Phillips, Chris Stapleton, Robert J. Soreng, Susan G. Aiken, Nikolai N. Tzvelev, Paul M. Peterson, Stephen A. Renvoize, Marina V. Olonova, Klaus Ammann: Poaceae. : Leymus , pp. 386-394 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China , Volume 22 - Poaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press , Beijing and St. Louis, 2006, ISBN 1-930723-50-4 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c Kesara Anamthawat-Jónsson, Sigrídur K. Bödvarsdóttir: Genomic and genetic relationships among species of Leymus (Poaceae: Triticeae) inferred from 18S – 26S ribosomal genes. In: American Journal of Botany. Volume 88, No. 4, 2001, pp. 553-559. (Abstract and full text) .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as Rafaël Govaerts (ed .): Leymus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved September 3, 2018.
↑ Leymus . In: WD Clayton, K. T Harman, H. Williamson: GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 2006ff., Accessed July 19, 2008.
^ ^A ^b W. D. Clayton, K. T Harman, H. Williamson: GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 2006ff., Accessed July 19, 2008.

Web links

Commons : Strandroggen ( Leymus ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Map with all linked sites: OSM | WikiMap

[FoC-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x Shou-liang Chen, De-Zhu Li, Guanghua Zhu, Zhenlan Wu, Sheng-lian Lu, Liang Liu, Zheng -ping Wang, Bi-xing Sun, Zheng-de Zhu, Nianhe Xia, Liang-zhi Jia, Zhenhua Guo, Wenli Chen, Xiang Chen, Guangyao Yang, Sylvia M. Phillips, Chris Stapleton, Robert J. Soreng, Susan G. Aiken, Nikolai N. Tzvelev, Paul M. Peterson, Stephen A. Renvoize, Marina V. Olonova, Klaus Ammann: Poaceae. : Leymus , pp. 386-394 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China , Volume 22 - Poaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press , Beijing and St. Louis, 2006, ISBN 1-930723-50-4 .

[AJB-2] Kesara Anamthawat-Jónsson, Sigrídur K. Bödvarsdóttir: Genomic and genetic relationships among species of Leymus (Poaceae: Triticeae) inferred from 18S – 26S ribosomal genes. In: American Journal of Botany. Volume 88, No. 4, 2001, pp. 553-559. (Abstract and full text) .

[WCSP-3] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as Rafaël Govaerts (ed .): Leymus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved September 3, 2018.

[GrassBase-Leymus-4] Leymus . In: WD Clayton, K. T Harman, H. Williamson: GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 2006ff., Accessed July 19, 2008.

[GrassBase-5] A ^b W. D. Clayton, K. T Harman, H. Williamson: GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 2006ff., Accessed July 19, 2008.