Couch grass

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Couch grass
Elymus glaucus

Elymus glaucus

Systematics
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sweet grasses (Poaceae)
Subfamily : Pooideae
Tribe : Triticeae
Genre : Couch grass
Scientific name
Elymus
L.

The couch grass ( Elymus ), some species also called hair barley , are a genus of plants within the sweet grass family (Poaceae). The 40 to 235 species, depending on the author, are distributed almost worldwide in the temperate areas .

description

The following important information is missing from this article or section:
most features are only marginally described
Help Wikipedia by researching and pasting it .

Illustration of the creeping couch grass ( Elymus repens )
Crawfish ( Elymus repens ): A single spikelet: at the base of the spikelet there are two glumes (Glu, Gluma), above that on the spikelet axis there are several flowers, each in a lemma (Lem, Lemma) and a palea (Pal, Palea) are wrapped. The glumes are pointedly pointed or provided with a short awn.
Illustration from Flora Batava , Volume 19 of the dune couch grass ( Elymus athericus )

Vegetative characteristics

In Elymus TYPES concerns perennial herbaceous plants . Only a few species form long underground rhizomes that can re-root at each node so that even small pieces can produce new plant specimens. Most species form clumps . The stalks are mostly upright.

Generative characteristics

Elymus species are ear grasses. The three- to eight-flowered spikelets are arranged in two rows in slender, spiked inflorescences , with their broad side facing the spike axis. They stand upright and are pressed against the axis of the ears. Most Elymus species are more or less awnless, but there are also species with short awns .

etymology

The term "Quecke" comes from the Old High German word queck for "strong", "lively" and indicates the strong urge to spread and the difficult control of some species.

Systematics and distribution

Taxonomy

The genus Elymus was established in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , page 83. Synonyms for Elymus L. are, depending on the author: Sitospelos Adans. nom. superfl., Terrellia Lunell nom. super flammable , Asperella Humb. , Hystrix Moench , Elytrigia Desv. , Gymnostichum Schreb. , Sitanion Raf. , Polyantherix Nees , Braconotia Godr. , Cryptopyrum Heynh. nom. inval., Roegneria K. Koch , Crithopyrum Steud. , Elytrigium Benth. , Goulardia Husn. , Clinelymus (Griseb.) Nevski , Campeiostachys Drobow , Semeiostachys Drobow , Lophopyrum Á.Löve , Pascopyrum Á.Löve , Pseudoroegneria (Nevski) Á.Löve , Psammopyrum Á.Löve , Connorochloa Barkworth, SWLJacobs & HQZhang , × Elymotrigia Hyl. , × Elysitanion Bowden , × Terrelymus B.R.Baum , × Pseudelymus Barkworth & DRDewey .

External system

The genus Elymus belongs to the tribe Triticeae in the subfamily Pooideae within the family Poaceae . The scope of the genus Elymus and related genera is controversial. The genus Elymus contains 40 to 235 species, depending on the view. Sometimes these species are divided into two genera, depending on the existence of rhizomes, the whorls ( Roegneria K. Koch ) with the majority of species without rhizomes, and couch grass ( Elytrigia ). Some authors divide these species into even more genera.

Elymus albicans
Canada couch grass ( Elymus canadensis )
Couch grass ( Elymus caninus )
Elymus elymoides
Elymus elymoides
Inflorescences of Elymus glaucus
Elymus hoffmannii
Elymus hystrix
Elymus magellanicus
Elymus multisetus
Creeping couch grass ( Elymus repens )
Elymus violaceus
Couch grass ( Elymus virginicus )
Elymus wawawaiensis

Species and their distribution

Elymus species thrive in all temperate to subtropical areas of the northern hemisphere , they are also found in Central America and southern South America . In Central Europe, for example, the following species and subspecies occur: Dune couch grass also dense couch grass or (like another grass species of another genus) beach couch grass ( Elymus athericus ), dog couch grass ( Elymus caninus ), rush couch grass also beach couch grass or beach wheat called ( Elymus farctus ), creeper or common couch grass ( Elymus repens (L.) Gould subsp. repens ).

The genus Elymus contains 40 to 235 species, depending on the author (here a view based on the WCSP as of 1985):

  • Elymus abolinii (Drobow) Tzvelev : The variety is distributed from Central Asia ( Xinjiang , Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan ) to Russia and Mongolia .
  • Elymus aenaeanus (Hohla & H.Scholz) W.Lippert & Meierott ex Hohla : It occurs only in Germany and Austria .
  • Elymus afghanicus (Melderis) G.Singh : It occurs in Iran .
  • Elymus africanus Á.Löve : It occurs in Ethiopia .
  • Elymus alaskanus (Scribn. & Merr.) Á.Löve : It occurs in northern North America from Alaska to Manitoba .
  • Elymus albicans (Scribn. & JGSm.) Á.Löve : Siue occurs in Canada and the USA.
  • Elymus alienus (Keng) SLChen : It thrives in damp valleys and along roadsides at altitudes of around 1100 meters in Inner Mongolia and in the Chinese provinces of Hebei , Henan and Shanxi .
  • Elymus alpinus L.B.Cai : This endemic thrives on meadows at altitudes of around 3200 meters only in Gonghe and Ulan districts in Qinghai.
  • Elymus altissimus (Keng) Á.Löve ex B.Rong Lu : It thrives on meadows at altitudes of 1700 to 3400 meters in the Chinese provinces of Qinghai, Sichuan , Xinjiang and Yunnan .
  • Elymus amgensis Tzvelev : It wasfirst describedfrom Siberia in 2008.
  • Elymus angsaiensis S.L. Lu & YHWu : It wasfirst describedin 2008 from Qinghai .
  • Elymus angulatus J. Presl : It occurs from Peru to southern South America.
  • Elymus angustispiculatus S.L.Chen & GHZhu : This endemic thrives on mountain slopes at altitudes of around 2500 meters only in Xunhua in Qinghai.
  • Elymus anthosachnoides (Keng) Á.Löve ex B.Rong Lu : It thrives on mountain slopes at altitudes of 2700 to 4000 meters in Tibet and in the Chinese provinces of Qinghai, Sichuan and Yunnan.
  • Elymus antiquus (Nevski) Tzvelev (Syn .: Elymus parviglumis (Keng) Á.Löve ): It occurs in Nepal , Tibet and in the Chinese provinces of Qinghai, Sichuan and Yunnan.
  • Elymus arcuatus (Golosk.) Tzvelev : It is common in Central Asia.
  • Elymus aristiglumis (Keng & SLChen) SLChen : The three varieties thrive on mountain slopes and banks of rivers at altitudes of 1500 to 5200 meters in Tibet and in the Chinese provinces of Gansu , Qinghai, Sichuan and Xinjiang.
  • Elymus arizonicus (Scribn. & JGSm.) Gould : It occurs in from California to Texas and in Guatemala .
  • Dune couch grass also dense couch grass or (like another grass species of another genus) called beach couch grass ( Elymus athericus (Link) Kerguélen , Syn .: Elymus pycnanthus var. Setigerus (Dumort.) Melderis ): In Central Europe on dry and warm locations in German - Swiss border area, in Baden, in Alsace, in southern Switzerland , in Vinschgau and on the North and Baltic Sea coasts , otherwise on the coasts of Eurasia to Afghanistan.
  • Elymus atratus (Nevski) Hand.-Mazz. : It thrives in steppes in Tibet and in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan and Xinjiang.
  • Elymus bakeri (E. Nelson) Á.Löve : It occurs from Colorado to northern New Mexico .
  • Elymus barbicallus (Ohwi) SLChen : The three varieties thrive on the edges of forests , mountain slopes, in valleys and on the banks of flowing waters at altitudes of 1300 to 1700 meters in Inner Mongolia and in the Chinese provinces of Hebei , Ningxia , Qinghai and Shanxi .
  • Elymus barystachyus L.B.Cai : It thrives in forests at altitudes of 2700 to 3200 meters in Tibet and in the Chinese provinces of Qinghai and Sichuan.
  • Elymus borianus (Melderis) Cope : It only thrives in Pakistan at altitudes of 1,800 to 3,000 meters.
  • Elymus × brachyphyllus (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Á.Löve = Elymus longearistatus × Elymus panormitanus : It occurs in Iran.
  • Elymus brevipes (Keng & SLChen) SLChen : It thrives on open rocky mountains in Tibet and the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xinjiang and perhaps Yunnan.
  • Elymus burchan-buddae (Nevski) Tzvelev : it occurs in northern India, Inner Mongolia, Tibet, the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xinjiang and Yunnan and maybe in Nepal.
  • Elymus buschianus (Roshev.) Tzvelev : It occurs in the Caucasus .
  • Elymus cacuminus B.Rong Lu & B.Salomon : It occurs in Sikkim , Nepal , Tibet and Sichuan.
  • Elymus caesifolius Á.Löve ex SLChen : It thrives on mountain slopes in Tibet.
  • Elymus caianus S.L.Chen & GHZhu : This endemic only thrives on the banks of flowing waters at altitudes of around 4000 meters only in Gongbo'gyamda in Tibet.
  • Elymus calcicola (Keng) SLChen : It thrives on steep slopes by flowing waters, on moist and calcareous soils at altitudes of 1600 to 2000 meters in the Chinese provinces of Guizhou, Sichuan and Yunnan.
  • Elymus calderi Barkworth : It is common in Alaska to western Canada.
  • Canada couch grass ( Elymus canadensis L. ): It is widespread in Canada, Alaska, and other states in the United States.
  • Dog's couch grass ( Elymus caninus (L.) L. , Syn .: Elymus donianus (FBWhite) Á.Löve & D.Löve , Elymus pauciflorus Lam. , Elymus helveticus Schmid-Holl. , Elymus longispicatus Kotukhov , Elymus trachycaulus subsp. Donianus (FBWhite) Á.Löve , Elymus caninus subsp. Donianus (FBWhite) PDSell , Elymus caninus var. Behmii (Melderis) Jaaska , Elymus caninus var. Donianus (FBWhite) Jaaska , Elymus caninus subsp. Biflorus (Brign.) Á.Löve D.Löve , Elymus caninus var. Muticus (Holmb.) Karlsson ): It occurs in bushes or on forest edges in Eurasia and is a neophyte in North America and New Zealand.
  • Elymus caucasicus (K.Koch) Tzvelev : It occurs in the Caucasus as far as Iran .
  • Elymus cheniae (LBCai) GHZhu : This endemic thrives in thickets at altitudes of 2300 to 2600 meters only in Xinyuan and Zhaosu in Xinjiang.
  • Elymus churchii J.JNCampb. : It occurs in the east-central USA.
  • Elymus ciliaris (Trin.) Tzvelev : It occurs from Assam to temperate East Asia and Russia's Far East.
  • Elymus clivorum Melderis : This endemic occurs only in eastern Turkey .
  • Elymus colorans (Melderis) Á.Löve : This endemic occurs only in eastern Afghanistan .
  • Elymus confusus (Roshev.) Tzvelev : From Siberia to northwestern China and Russia's Far East.
  • Elymus cordilleranus Davidse & RWPohl : It occurs in Costa Rica and from Venezuela to western South America.
  • Elymus coreanus Honda : It occurs from the southern part of Russia's Far East to Korea .
  • Elymus curtiaristatus (LBCai) SLChen & GHZhu : This endemic thrives on mountain slopes at altitudes of around 3400 meters only in Qamdo in Tibet.
  • Elymus curvatiformis (Nevski) Á.Löve : It occurs from Central Asia to Pakistan .
  • Elymus × czilikensis (Drobow) Tzvelev = Elymus dahuricus × Elymus uralensis : It occurs in Central Asia.
  • Elymus czimganicus (Drobow) Tzvelev : It occurs from Central Asia to the western Himalayas .
  • Elymus dahuricus Griseb. (Syn .: Elymus beijingensis B.S.Sun , Elymus cylindricus Honda nom. Illeg., Elymus excelsus Turcz. Ex Griseb. , Elymus franchetii Kitag. , Elymus franchetii subsp. Pacificus (Prob.) Peschkova , Elymus molliusculus L.B.Cai , Elymus osensis Ohwi , Elymus purpuraristus C.P.Wang & HLYang , Elymus submuticus (Keng) Á.Löve nom. NUD., Elymus tangutorum (Nevski) Hand.-Mazz. , Elymus villifer C.P.Wang & HLYang , Elymus villosulus Ohwi , Elymus woroschilowii Prob. , Elymus xiningensis LB Cai , Elymus dahuricus var. brevisetus Ohwi , Elymus dahuricus var. cylindricus Franch. , Elymus dahuricus var. cziticus Tzvelev , Elymus dahuricus var. excelsiformis Tzvelev , Elymus dahuricus var. excelsus (Turcz. ex Griseb.) Roshev. , Elymus dahuricus var. micranthus Melderis , Elymus dahuricus var. villosulus (Ohwi) Ohwi , Elymus dahuricus var. violeus C.P.Wang & HLYang , Elymus dahuricus var. xiningensis (LBCai) SLChen , Elymus dahuricus subsp. cylindricus (Franch.) NRCui , Elymus dahuricus subsp. excelsus (Turcz. ex Griseb.) Tzvelev , Elymus dahuricus subsp. micranthus (Melderis) Á.Löve , Elymus dahuricus subsp. pacificus prob. , Elymus dahuricus subsp. villosulus (Ohwi) Á.Löve ): It thrives in the temperate areas of Asia from Southwest Asia through Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan , Kyrgyzstan, Russia) to the Himalayas (India, Bhutan, Nepal) to Tibet and China, Mongolia, Korea and Japan.
  • Elymus debilis (LBCai) SLChen & GHZhu : It thrives in forests at altitudes of 2300 to 3400 meters only in Sunan in Gansu and Tongde in Qinghai.
  • Elymus dentatus (Hook. F.) Tzvelev : It occurs from the Altai to Central Asia and the western Himalayas.
  • Elymus diversiglumis Scribn. & CRBall : It occurs in Canada and the USA.
  • Elymus dolichatherus (Keng) SLChen : It thrives in forests and on mountain slopes at altitudes of 2300 to 3700 meters in the Chinese provinces of Ningxia , Qinghai, Sichuan and Yunnan.
  • Elymus dolichorhachis S.L.Lu & YHWu : It was first described in 2013 from Qinghai.
  • Elymus × dorei (Bowden) Barkworth & DRDewey = Elymus hystrix × Elymus trachycaulus : It occurs in eastern Canada.
  • Elymus drobovii (Nevski) Tzvelev : It occurs in Central Asia.
  • Elymus × drucei (Stace) Lambinon = Elymus athericus × Elymus repens : Europe.
  • Elymus durus (Keng) SLChen : It thrives on mountain meadows at altitudes of 3700 to 4200 meters in Tibet and in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Yunnan and Xinjiang.
  • Elymus duthiei (Melderis) G.Singh : Himalaya.
  • Elymus × ebingeri G.C.Tucker = Elymus hystrix × Elymus virginicus : It comes in Ontario before and in the US.
  • Elymus edelbergii (Melderis) O. Andersson & Podlech : It occurs only in eastern Afghanistan.
  • Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey : The two subspecies are distributed from western Canada via the USA to Mexico.
  • Elymus erosiglumis Melderis : This endemic occurs only in eastern Turkey.
  • Elymus fedtschenkoi Tzvelev : It occurs from Afghanistan to southwestern Siberia and the western Himalayas.
  • Elymus festucoides (Maire) Ibn Tattou : It occurs in Morocco .
  • Elymus fibrosus (Schrenk) Tzvelev : It is distributed from northern Europe to Russia's Far East.
  • Elymus formosanus (Honda) Á.Löve : The two varieties only thrive on mountain slopes in Taiwan .
  • Elymus glaberrimus (Keng & SLChen) SLChen : The two varieties thrive on meadows, mountain steppes and rocky slopes at altitudes of 1400 to 2300 meters in Qinghai and Xinjiang.
  • Elymus glaucissimus (Popov) Tzvelev : It occurs only in Kazakhstan.
  • Elymus glaucus Buckley : The three subspecies are distributed from Alaska via Canada and the USA to northwestern Mexico.
  • Elymus gmelinii (Ledeb.) Tzvelev : It is distributed from Central Asia via Siberia to Japan.
  • Elymus grandis (Keng) SLChen : It thrives on mountain slopes in Henan and Shaanxi .
  • Elymus × hansenii Scribn. = Elymus elymoides × Elymus glaucus : It occurs from western Canada to the western USA.
  • Elymus himalayanus (Nevski) Tzvelev : It occurs from Central Asia to the Himalayas.
  • Elymus hirsutus J. Presl : It occurs in the Aleutian Islands and in western North America from Alaska via British Columbia to the US states of Oregon , Washington and California .
  • Elymus hitchcockii Davidse : It occurs in Peru.
  • Elymus hoffmannii K.B. Jensen & Asay : It occurs in Turkey.
  • Elymus hondae (Kitag.) SLChen : It thrives on mountain slopes in Inner Mongolia and in the Chinese provinces of Hebei , Henan, Liaoning , Ningxia , Qinghai and Shaanxi.
  • Elymus hongyuanensis (LBCai) SLChen & GHZhu : This endemic thrives on meadows at altitudes of around 3400 meters only in Hongyuan in Sichuan.
  • Elymus hordeoides (Suksd.) Barkworth & DRDewey : It occurs in the western USA.
  • Elymus humidorum (Ohwi & Sakam.) Á.Löve : It occurs in Japan.
  • Elymus humilis (Keng & SLChen) SLChen : It thrives on roadsides in Qinghai and Xinjiang.
  • Elymus hybridus (Keng) SLChen : This endemic thrives on mountain slopes only in Nanjing in Jiangsu.
  • Elymus hystrix L .: It occurs in the USA.
  • Elymus × incertus H. Hartmann = Elymus longearistatus × Elymus repens : It occurs in the Himalayas.
  • Elymus × interjacens (Melderis) G.Singh = Elymus fedtschenkoi × Elymus longearistatus : It occurs in Pakistan.
  • Elymus interruptus Buckley : It occurs from Arizona to Texas .
  • Elymus intramongolicus (Shan Chen & W.Gao) SLChen : The thrives on forest edges and on meadows in Inner Mongolia.
  • Elymus ircutensis Peschkova : It occurs in Siberia.
  • Elymus jacquemontii (Hook. F.) Cope (Syn .: Elymus harsukhii H.S.Dubey & SNDixit ): According to studies from 2009, it is more widespread from Tajikistan to the western Himalayas, instead of only in western China or only in Kashmir.
  • Elymus jacutensis (Drobow) Tzvelev : It occurs from Siberia to Russia's Far East.
  • Elymus karakabinicus Kotukhov : It only occurs in Kazakhstan.
  • Elymus khokhrjakovii Tzvelev : It was first described in 2008 from Russia's Far East.
  • Elymus kuramensis (Melderis) Cope : It occurs from Pakistan to the western Himalayas. Actually it is only known from the type material from the Kurram valley.
  • Elymus lancangensis S.L. Lu & YHWu : It was first described in 2008 from Qinghai.
  • Elymus lanceolatus (Scribn. & JGSm.) Gould : It is distributed in the northern hemisphere from eastern Siberia via Alaska to the western and central USA.
  • Elymus laxinodis (LBCai) SLChen & GHZhu : It thrives on mountain slopes at altitudes of 3500 to 4000 meters only in Yushu in Qinghai and Kangding in Sichuan.
  • Elymus lazicus (Boiss.) Melderis : The four subspecies occur from northern Greece to northern Iran .
  • Elymus leiotropis (Keng) SLChen : It thrives on mountain slopes in Yunnan.
  • Elymus lenensis (Popov) Tzvelev : It occurs in Siberia.
  • Beach-Elymus repens , Lockerblütige bastard couch grass ( Elymus × littoreus . (Schumach) Lambinon , Syn .: Elymus repens subsp. Littoreus (FCSchumacher) Conert , Elymus × laxus (Fr.) Melderis & DCMcClint. ): It is used in Northern Europe in front.
  • Elymus lolioides (P.Candargy) Melderis : It occurs from Northern Europe to Siberia.
  • Elymus longearistatus (Boiss.) Tzvelev : It is distributed from northeastern Turkey to Central Asia and Nepal.
  • Elymus longifolius (JGSm.) Gould : It is distributed from the western and central USA to northeast Mexico.
  • Elymus macgregorii R.E.Brooks & JJNCampb. : It occurs from eastern Canada to the USA.
  • Elymus macrochaetus (Nevski) Tzvelev : It occurs only in Tajikistan.
  • Elymus macrourus (Turcz.) Tzvelev (Syn .: Elymus alaskanus subsp. Borealis (Turcz.) Á.Löve & D.Löve , Elymus alaskanus subsp. Islandicus (Melderis) Á.Löve & D.Löve , Elymus alaskanus subsp. Kronokensis ( Kom.) Á.Löve & D.Löve , Elymus alaskanus subsp. Subalpinus (Neuman) Á.Löve & D.Löve , Elymus alaskanus subsp. Scandicus (Nevski) Melderis , Elymus besczetnovae Kotukhov , Elymus borealis (Turcz.) DFCui nom. illeg., Elymus borealis var. scandicus (Nevski) Tzvelev , Elymus dasyphyllus (APKhokhr.) APKhokhr. , Elymus kronokensis (Kom.) Tzvelev , Elymus kronokensis var. borealis (Turcz.) Tzvelev , Elymus kronokensis subsp. borealis (Turcz.) Tzvelev , Elymus kronokensis var. dasyphyllus (APKhokhr.) Tzvelev , Elymus kronokensis subsp. dasyphyllus A.P.Khokhr. , Elymus kronokensis var. scandicus (Nevski) Tzvelev , Elymus kronokensis subsp. scandicus (Nevski) Tzvelev , Elymus kronokensis subsp. subalpinus (Neuman) Tzvelev , Elymus leianthus (Keng) SLChen , Elymus neplianus (VNVassil.) Czerep. , El ymus neoborealis A.P. Khokhr . , Elymus scandicus (Nevski) Tzvelev , Elymus scandicus var. Borealis (Turcz.) Tzvelev , Elymus turuchanensis (Reverd.) Czerep. , Elymus macrourus var. Neplianus (VNVassil.) Tzvelev , Elymus macrourus subsp. neplianus (VNVassil.) Tzvelev , Elymus macrourus var. pilosivaginatus (Jurtzev) Tzvelev , Elymus macrourus subsp. pilosivaginatus (Jurtzev) Czerep. , Elymus macrourus subsp. turuchanensis (Reverd.) Tzvelev ): After viewing herbarium material, this species has been more widespread since 2007 from the subarctic south to northern China and western Canada.
  • Elymus magellanicus (Desv.) Á.Löve : It occurs from southern South America to the Falkland Islands .
  • Elymus magnicaespes D.F.Cui : It thrives in steppes at altitudes of around 2100 meters only in Xinjiang.
  • Elymus magnipodus (LBCai) SLChen & GHZhu : This endemic thrives on the banks of running waters at altitudes of around 3100 meters only in Golmud in Qinghai.
  • Elymus × maltei Bowden = Elymus canadensis × Elymus virginicus : It occurs in Canada and the USA.
  • Elymus margaritae A.V.Agaf., Kobozeva & B.Salomon : It was first described in 2015 from southwestern Siberia.
  • Elymus marginatus (H.Lindb.) Á.Löve : The two subspecies occur in Morocco and Algeria .
  • Elymus × mayebaranus (Honda) SLChen = Elymus humidorum × Elymus tsukushiensis : It occurs in Japan.
  • Elymus mendocinus (Parodi) Á.Löve : It occurs in Argentina .
  • Elymus × mossii (Lepage) Barkworth & DRDewey = Elymus canadensis × Elymus trachycaulus : It occurs in Canada.
  • Elymus × mucronatus (Opiz) Conert : It occurs in Europe.
  • Elymus multisetus (JGSm.) Burtt Davy : It occurs in the western to western-central USA.
  • Elymus mutabilis (Drobow) Tzvelev : It is distributed from northern Europe to Russia's Far East and the western Himalayas.
  • Elymus nakaii (Kitag.) SLChen : It occurs from northern Korea to Inner Mongolia and in the Chinese provinces of Hebei, Jilin and Ningxia .
  • Elymus nepalensis (Melderis) Melderis : This endemic occurs only in western-central Nepal.
  • Elymus nipponicus Jaaska : It occurs in northern Korea and from Sakhalin to the Kuril Islands .
  • Elymus nodosus (Nevski) Melderis : The sevenor sosubspecies occur in Corsica , southern Crimea and from Turkey to Pakistan.
  • Elymus × nothus (Melderis) G.Singh = Elymus dentatus × Elymus fedtschenkoi : It occurs in the western Himalayas.
  • Elymus nutans Griseb. : It occurs from Mongolia to Afghanistan and the Himalayas.
  • Bastard rush couch grass ( Elymus × obtusiusculus (Lange) Melderis & DCMcClint. ): It occurs in Europe.
  • Bastard-creeping couch grass ( Elymus × oliveri (Druce) Melderis & DCMcClint. ): It occurs in Europe.
  • Elymus × palmerensis (Lepage) Barkworth & DRDewey = Elymus macrourus × Elymus sibiricus : It occurs in subarctic North America.
  • Elymus panormitanus (Parl.) Tzvelev : It occurs from the Mediterranean area to northeastern Iran .
  • Elymus patagonicus Speg. : It occurs from southern Chile to Argentina.
  • Elymus pendulinus (Nevski) Tzvelev : It is from Siberia to Korea, Japan, Mongolia, Inner Mongolia to the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang , Henan , Jilin , Liaoning , Qinghai , Shaanxi , Shandong , Shanxi , Sichuan and Yunnan spread.
  • Elymus petrovii Tzvelev : It was first described from Gansu in 2008.
  • Elymus praeruptus Tzvelev : It occurs in Central Asia.
  • Elymus probatovae Tzvelev : This endemic occurs only in Kamchatka .
  • Elymus pseudocaninus G.H.Zhu & SLChen : It thrives in the undergrowth along river valleys and on mountain slopes in Xinjiang.
  • Elymus × pseudorepens (Scribn. & JGSm.) Barkworth & DRDewey = Elymus lanceolatus × Elymus trachycaulus : It occurs in Canada and the USA.
  • Elymus puberulus (Keng) SLChen : This endemic thrives on mountain slopes only in Nanchuan in Chongqing.
  • Elymus pulanensis (HLYang) SLChen : It thrives on the banks of running waters at altitudes of around 3600 meters in Tibet and Yunnan.
  • Elymus pungens (Pers.) Melderis : The three subspecies occur in western and north-western Europe.
  • Elymus purpurascens (Keng) SLChen : This endemic thrives on mountain slopes in Inner Mongolia and in the Chinese provinces of Gansu , Ningxia, Qinghai and Yunnan.
  • Elymus qingnanensis S.L. Lu & YHWu : It was first described in 2013 from Qinghai.
  • Common couch grass , creeping couch grass or common couch grass ( Elymus repens (L.) Gould ): There are five subspecies:
    • Elymus repens subsp. arenosus (Spenn.) Melderis (Syn .: Triticum repens var. arenosum Spenn. , Elytrigia maritima Tzvelev , Elymus arenosus (Spenn.) Conert ): It thrives on the coasts of northwestern Europe.
    • Elymus repens subsp. atlantis (Maire) Ibn Tattou : This endemic occurs in Morocco only in the Atlas Mountains .
    • Elymus repens subsp. calcareus (Cernjavski) Melderis : This endemic occurs only in North Macedonia .
    • Elymus repens subsp. elongatiformis (Drobow) Melderis : It occurs from Eastern Europe to the Caucasus.
    • Elymus repens (L.) Gould subsp. repens : It is widespread in the temperate areas of Eurasia and North Africa and is a neophyte almost worldwide.
  • Elymus retroflexus B.Rong Lu & B.Salomon : It thrives on dry to moist mountain slopes and meadows at altitudes of 3900 to 4300 meters in Tibet.
  • Elymus riparius Wiegand : It occurs from southeastern Canada over the USA to northeastern Mexico.
  • Elymus russellii (Melderis) Cope : It occurs in the northwestern Himalayas. It probably only occurs in the Karakoram .
  • Elymus sajanensis (Nevski) Tzvelev : It occurs from Siberia to subarctic North America.
  • Elymus × saundersii Vasey = Elymus elymoides × Elymus trachycaulus : It occurs in the USA.
  • Elymus × saxicola Scribn. & JGSm. = Elymus elymoides × Elymus spicatus : It occurs in the USA.
  • Elymus scabridulus (Ohwi) Tzvelev : It thrives on the edges of forests and on mountain slopes in Inner Mongolia.
  • Elymus scabrifolius (Döll) JHHunz. : It occurs from southern Brazil to northern Argentina.
  • Elymus scabriglumis (Hack.) Á.Löve : It occurs from Chile to Argentina.
  • Elymus schrenkianus (Fisch. & CAMey.) Tzvelev : It is distributed from Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan) and Siberia via Mongolia, Tibet, Qinghai, Xinjiang to the Himalayas (Bhutan, Sikkim, Nepal).
  • Elymus schugnanicus (Nevski) Tzvelev : It occurs from Tajikistan to the western Himalayas.
  • Elymus sclerophyllus (Nevski) Tzvelev : It occurs only in Tajikistan.
  • Elymus scribneri (Vasey) MEJones : It occurs in Canada and the USA.
  • Elymus semicostatus (Nees ex Steud.) Melderis : It occurs from Afghanistan to the Himalayas.
  • Elymus serotinus (Keng) Á.Löve ex B.Rong Lu : It thrives on mountain slopes in the Chinese provinces of Henan, Qinghai and Shaanxi.
  • Elymus serpentinus (LBCai) SLChen & GHZhu : This endemic thrives on the banks of rivers at altitudes of around 2000 meters only in Yuxian in Hebei.
  • Elymus shandongensis B.Salomon : It thrives on mountain slopes and along roadsides in Taiwan and in the Chinese provinces of Anhui , Guizhou , Henan , Hubei , Jiangsu , Shaanxi, Shandong and Zhejiang .
  • Elymus shouliangiae (LBCai) SLChen & GHZhu : This endemic thrives on the banks of rivers at altitudes of around 2800 meters only in Gyirong in Tibet.
  • Elymus sibinicus Kotukhov : It only occurs in Kazakhstan.
  • Elymus sibiricus L. (syn .: Elymus krascheninnikovii Roshev. , Elymus pendulosus H.J.Hodgs. , Elymus praetervisus Steud. , Elymus ramosus Desf. , Elymus racemosus Poir. Nom illeg.., Elymus tener L. f. , Elymus yesoensis Honda , Elymus yubaridakensis (Honda) Ohwi , Elymus sibiricus var. brachystachys Keng , Elymus sibiricus var. erectiusculus L.B.Cai , Elymus sibiricus var. gracilis L.B.Cai , Elymus sibiricus var. minor Hack. ex Hook. f. ): She is from Eastern Europe via Russia. India, Nepal, Mongolia, Korea, Tibet, China to Japan and from Alaska to western Canada.
  • Elymus sikkimensis (Melderis) Melderis : It occurs in the central to eastern Himalayas.
  • Elymus sinkiangensis D.F.Cui : It thrives on the edges of forests and on mountain steppes at altitudes of 1800 to 2100 meters in Xinjiang.
  • Elymus sinoflexuosus S.L.Chen & GHZhu : It thrives on mountain slopes at altitudes of 1700 to 3500 meters only in Zhangye in Gansu and in Taxkorgan in Xinjiang.
  • Elymus sinosubmuticus S.L.Chen : It thrives on mountain slopes in Sichuan.
  • Elymus smithii (Rydb.) Gould : It is distributed in North America from Alaska south to northeast Mexico.
  • Elymus × spurius (Melderis) G.Singh = Elymus dentatus × Elymus russellii : It occurs in the western Himalayas.
  • Elymus stebbinsii Gould : The two subspecies occur only in California.
  • Elymus stenostachyus (Melderis) O. Andersson & Podlech : This endemic occurs only in eastern Afghanistan.
  • Elymus strictus (Keng) SLChen (Syn .: Elymus varius (Keng & SLChen) Tzvelev ): The two varieties thrive at altitudes of 1300 to 4000 meters in Tibet, in Inner Mongolia and in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Guizhou, Henan, Ningxia , Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan and Yunnan.
  • Elymus submuticus (Hook.) Smyth : It occurs in Canada and the USA.
  • Elymus svensonii Church : It occurs in the east-central United States.
  • Elymus sylvaticus (Keng & SLChen) SLChen : It thrives in forests at altitudes of 1,800 to 3,300 meters in the Chinese provinces of Qinghai and Xinjiang.
  • Elymus tenuis (book) Á.Löve & Connor : It occurs in New Zealand .
  • Elymus tenuispicus (JLYang & YHZhou) SLChen : It thrives on roadsides at altitudes of around 3600 meters in Tibet.
  • Elymus texensis J. JNCampb. : It only occurs in Texas.
  • Elymus tibeticus (Melderis) G.Singh : It occurs in Bhutan, Tibet and Yunnan.
  • Elymus tilcarensis (JHHunz.) Á.Löve : It occurs in northwestern Argentina.
  • Elymus transhyrcanus (Nevski) Tzvelev : It occurs from eastern Turkey to Central Asia.
  • Elymus trichospicula (LBCai) SLChen & GHZhu : This endemic thrives at the edges of forests at altitudes of 3500 to 4400 meters only in southern Qinghai.
  • Elymus tridentatus (C.Yen & JLYang) SLChen : It thrives on rocky slopes and roadsides at altitudes of 3700 to 3800 meters in Qinghai.
  • Elymus troctolepis (Nevski) Tzvelev : It occurs in the Caucasus region.
  • Elymus tsukushiensis Honda s. l. (Syn .: Elymus kamoji (Ohwi) SLChen , Elymus kamoji var. Intermedius S.L.Chen & YXJin , Elymus tsukushiensis var. Transiens (Hack.) K.Osada , Elymus kamoji var. Macerrimus G.H.Zhu ): She is from the southern part of Russia Fernem Distributed east to China and the temperate areas of East Asia.
  • Elymus uralensis (Nevski) Tzvelev : Eastern Europe to Mongolia.
  • Elymus × versicolor A.P. Khokhr. = Elymus macrourus × Elymus reflexiaristatus : Russia's Far East.
  • Elymus villosus Muhl. ex Willd. : It is common in North America from eastern Canada to the eastern and central United States.
  • Elymus violaceus (Hornem.) J.Feilberg (Syn .: Elymus sierrae Gould , Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners ): It occurs from eastern Siberia to Russia's Far East, also in North America south to Mexico.
  • Virginia creeper ( Elymus virginicus L. ): It is common in Canada and the USA.
  • Elymus viridulus (Keng & SLChen) SLChen : It thrives on mountain slopes in Xinjiang.
  • Elymus vulpinus Rydb. : It occurs in the US states of Montana and Nebraska.
  • Elymus wawawaiensis J.R. Carlson & Barkworth : It occurs in the US states of Idaho, Oregon and Washington.
  • Elymus yangiae B.Rong Lu : It thrives at altitudes of 3000 to 4200 meters in Tibet.
  • Elymus × yukonensis (Scribn. & Merr.) Á.Löve = Elymus alaskanus × Elymus lanceolatus : It occurs in North America from Alaska to western Canada.
  • Elymus yushuensis (LBCai) SLChen & GHZhu : This endemic thrives on roadsides at altitudes of 3500 to 4000 meters only in southern Qinghai.
  • Elymus zadoiensis S.L. Lu & YHWu : It was first described in 2013 from Qinghai.
  • Elymus zejensis Prob. : It occurs from southeastern Siberia to the southwestern part of Russia's Far East.
  • Elymus zhui S.L.Chen : It thrives on mountain slopes at altitudes of around 1,600 meters in Inner Mongolia and in the Chinese provinces of Guizhou, Hebei, Ningxia, Qinghai and Shanxi.

Not to the genus Elymus example, include some authors species in the genera Anthosachne , Kengyilia , Leymus , Pseudoroegneria , Thinopyrum be asked:

Another European also "couch grass" mentioned kind is not the genus Elymus belonging

use

All Elymus species are good forage plants .

swell

literature

  • Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. With consideration of the border areas: Identification book for the wild growing vascular plants . Founded by August Binz. 19th edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1990, ISBN 3-7965-0892-8 .
  • Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica. The ABC of plants. 10,000 species in text and images . Könemann, Cologne 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 .
  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Rudolf Schubert , Klaus Werner, Hermann Meusel (eds.): Excursion flora for the areas of the GDR and the FRG . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 13./14. Edition. tape 2 : vascular plants . People and knowledge, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-06-012539-2 .
  • Shou-liang Chen, De-Zhu Li, Guanghua Zhu, Zhenlan Wu, Sheng-lian Lu, Liang Liu, Zheng-ping Wang, Bi-xing Sun, Zheng-de Zhu, Nianhe Xia, Liang-zhi Jia, Zhenhua Guo, Wenli Chen, Xiang Chen, Guangyao Yang, Sylvia M. Phillips, Chris Stapleton, Robert J. Soreng, Susan G. Aiken, Nikolai N. Tzvelev, Paul M. Peterson, Stephen A. Renvoize, Marina V. Olonova, Klaus Ammann: Poaceae. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 22 - Poaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2006, ISBN 1-930723-50 -4 . Elymus , pp. 400-426 - online with the same text as the printed work.
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: Our grasses. Sweet grasses, sour grasses, rushes (= Kosmos nature guide ). 7th edition. Franckh'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 1984, ISBN 3-440-05284-2 .
  • Otto Schmeil , Jost Fitschen , Werner Rauh , Karlheinz Senghas : Flora of Germany and its neighboring areas. A book for identifying the wild and often cultivated vascular plants. 84th revised edition. Quelle & Meyer, Heidelberg 1968.
  • Genetics and Genomics of the Triticeae In: Catherine Feuillet, Gary J. Muehlbauer (Eds.): Plant Genetics and Genomics: Crops and Models. Volume 7, Springer Science & Business Media, 2009, ISBN 9780387774893 . Elymus s. l. versus Elymus s. st. from p. 17 and p. 64 in the Google book search

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo Shou-liang Chen, De-Zhu Li, Guanghua Zhu, Zhenlan Wu, Sheng-lian Lu, Liang Liu, Zheng-ping Wang, Bi-xing Sun, Zheng-de Zhu, Nianhe Xia, Liang-zhi Jia, Zhenhua Guo, Wenli Chen, Xiang Chen, Guangyao Yang, Sylvia M. Phillips, Chris Stapleton, Robert J. Soreng, Susan G. Aiken, Nikolai N. Tzvelev, Paul M. Peterson, Stephen A. Renvoize, Marina V. Olonova, Klaus Ammann: Poaceae. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 22 - Poaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2006, ISBN 1-930723-50 -4 . Elymus , pp. 400-426 - online with the same text as the printed work.
  2. ^ Elymus at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed June 22, 2020.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk Rafaël Govaerts, 2011: World checklist of selected plant families published update. Facilitated by the Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Its source comes from The Poaceae generic classification system originated from the GrassBase database , which it took over from Genera Graminum 1985. Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Elymus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved June 20, 2020.
  4. ^ A b Elymus in Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved June 20, 2020.
  5. ↑ JJN Campbell, RJ Soreng: Elymus. In: Catalog of New World Grasses (Poaceae): IV. Subfamily Pooideae. In: Contr. US Natl. Herb. , volume 48, 2003, pp. 279-307. Elymus at Tropicos.org. In: Catalog of New World Grasses . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  6. ↑ Ying-Xia Lei, Jia Liu, Xing Fan, Li-Na Sha, Yi Wang, Hou-Yang Kang, Yong-Hong Zhou, Hai-Qin Zhang: Phylogeny and molecular evolution of the DMC1 gene in the polyploid genus Roegneria and its affinitive genera (Poaceae: Triticeae). In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , Volume 186, Issue 1, January 2018, pp. 129–142. doi : 10.1093 / botlinnean / box081
  7. ↑ a b c d e f g h Walter Erhardt, Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2: Types and Varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 .
  8. ↑ a b c d e f TACope: Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, 2008. Elymus at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Pakistan . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  9. ↑ a b c d e f Urania plant kingdom. Volume 4: Franz Fukarek (Red.): Flowering Plants. Volume 2. Urania-Verlag, Leipzig 1994, ISBN 3-332-00497-2 .

Web links

Commons : Quecken ( Elymus )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files