Gyirong

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Tibetan name
Tibetan script :
སྐྱིད་ གྲོང་ རྫོང
Wylie transliteration :
skyid grong rdzong
Official transcription of the PRCh :
Gyirong
THDL transcription :
Kyidrong
Other spellings:
Kyirong
Chinese name
Traditional :
吉隆 縣
Simplified :
吉隆 县
Pinyin :
Jílóng Xiàn
Location of Gyirong in Tibet
"Welcome to Gyirong Valley - Heaven on Earth"

Gyirong ( Tibetan : སྐྱིད་ གྲོང་ རྫོང , transcription after Wylie : skyid grong ; also Kyirong ) is a district of the district-free city of Xigazê in the Tibet Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China . The former district (tib .: rdzong ) Gyirong was assigned to the then administrative district (today: city) Xigazê after 1960.

Geographical classification

The old Gyirong, d. H. the place of the same name (tib .: skyid grong ), which is located in the south-west of Tibet directly on the border with Nepal , which in turn lies in the Gyirong valley (tib .: skyid rong ), is geographically not part of today's Gyirong district (Gyirong Xiàn, Jílóng Xiàn) to be confused. Today's administrative district also includes the Dzongkar region to the north (Tib .: rdzong dkar ) as well as the nomadic areas bordering on the north. The traditional Gyirong is famous for its mild climate, which is due to the comparatively low altitude of around 2,400 m, and lush vegetation, which is untypical for the Tibetan highlands. Today's Gyirong County has an area of ​​9009 km² and had a population of 12,857 (end of 2003).

meaning

One of the most important trade routes between Nepal and Tibet ran through Gyirong until 1960 . Its easy accessibility from Nepal also meant that it was repeatedly used as a gateway for military attacks by Nepal against Tibet. In 1792, the Chinese government sent troops to Gyirong to repel invasions from Nepal. (see also Qianlong )

In 1945 there were 26 monasteries and temples in the Gyirong Valley and neighboring Ladeb (tib .: la sdebs ).

With the temple Chamtrin Lhakhang (Tib .: byams sprin lha khang ) it has one of the "Yang-'dul temples" for taming the demoness ( Sinmo ), the construction of which is attributed to the famous Tibetan King Songtsen Gampo and thus the 7th century become.

In the 11th century, the well-known Indian clergyman Atisha visited the Gyirong region. Gyirong is also known as the Milarepa meditation place .

Around 1265 the Gyirong region became a part of the Tibetan kingdom Mangyül Gungthang , whose rulers, the "kings of Gungthang" (Tib .: gung thang rgyal po ), in the upper Zhorong Tsangpo valley on the fortress Khyungdzong Karpo (Tib .: khyung rdzong dkar po ) resided. With the decline of the royal family of Mangyül Gungthang in 1620, Gyirong became part of the Tsangpa Desi (Tib .: gtsang pa sde srid ), who lived in Xigazê . In 1644 it was finally integrated into the domain of the Tibetan central government under the 5th Dalai Lama .

The local dialect of Gyirong is believed to have been thoroughly researched. Folk literature from this region was collected and published in the 1980s.

Current administrative structure

  • Dzongga, Zongga ( rdzong dga ' རྫོང་ དགའ་ / Zōnggā zhèn 宗 嘎 镇 ; 3083 inhabitants)
  • Kyirong, Gyirong ( skyid grong སྐྱིད་ གྲོང་ / Jílóng zhèn 吉隆 镇 ; 3913 inhabitants)
  • Treba, Zheba ( kre pa ཀྲེ་ པ་ / Zhébā xiāng 折 巴 乡 ; 1956 inhabitants)
  • Gungthang, Kungtang ( gung thang གུང་ ཐང་ / Gòngdāng xiāng 贡 当 乡 ; 879 inhabitants)
  • Dragna, Chagna ( brag sna བྲག་ སྣ་ / Chànà xiāng 差 那 乡 ; 2343 inhabitants)

Ethnic breakdown of the population

In the 2000 census , Gyirong had 12,174 residents.

Name of the people Residents proportion of
Tibetans 11,951 98.17%
Han 215 1.77%
Bai 3 0.02%
Tujia 2 0.02%
Others 3 0.02%

Attractions

Special sights are the temple Chamtrin Lhakhang , which dates back to the Tibetan royal period ( Tibetan monarchy / Yarlung dynasty ) and the Phagpa Lhakhang (Tib .: 'phags pa lha khang ).

The Phagpa Lhakhang once housed one of the holiest Avalokiteshvara statues in Tibet, namely the "Ārya Va-ti bzang-po". This statue, which had been brought to Lhasa several times in the course of history to protect against feared destruction by the military incursions of the Gurkha , is now in Dharmshala ( India ).

Furthermore, the Trashi Samten Ling Monastery (Tib .: bkra shis bsam .) Founded in the 18th century by Yongdzin Yeshe Gyeltshen (Tib .: yong 'dzin ye shes rgyal mtshan ; 1713–1793), one of the teachers of the 8th Dalai Lama , gtan gling ) worth mentioning.

Monuments of the People's Republic of China

The following monuments have been under national protection since 2001 :

literature

  • Roland Bielmeier, Silke Herrmann: Fairy tales, sagas and sagas from the roof of the world. Tibetan stories in German, Volume 3. Cattle ranchers' stories and stories from sKyid-grong and Ding-ri, collected and translated into German . Association for the History of High Asia Scientific Publishing House (= contributions to Tibetan narrative research, 3), Sankt Augustin 1982.
  • Peter Aufschnaiter: Land and Places of Milarepa . East and West, 26 (1976): 1-2, pp. 175-189.
  • Franz-Karl Ehrhard: The statue of Ārya Va-ti bzang-po. A contribution to the history and geography of Tibetan Buddhism . Reichert, Wiesbaden 2004.
  • Karl-Heinz Everding: The Kingdom of Mang-yul Gung-thang. Royalty and rulership in Tibet from the 13th to 17th centuries Century . 2 parts. Bonn 2000.
  • Brigitte Huber: The Tibetan Dialect of Lende (Kyi-rong): a grammatical description with historical annotations . VGH, Bonn 2005.
  • Dieter Schuh: The archive of the monastery bKra-šis-bsam-gtan-gliṅ from sKyid-groṅ . Part 1: Documents on the monastery order, basic legal documents and demographically significant documents, finding aids . VGH-Wissenschaftsverlag, Bonn 1988, ISBN 3-88280-032-1 , ( Monumenta Tibetica historica Section 3, Diplomata et epistolae et leges 6).
  • Zhāng Yǒngfā 张永 发 : Qiān nián Jílóng 千年 吉隆 . Zhōngguó Zàngxué chūbǎnshè 中国 藏 学 出版社 , Beijing 2006, ISBN 978-7-80057-814-4 .
  • Heinrich Harrer: Seven years in Tibet . My life at the court of the Dalai Lama. Ullstein Verlag (1952), pp. 54-68.

Web links

Footnotes

  1. ↑ a b 吉隆 县 行政 区划 网 .

Coordinates: 28 ° 45 '  N , 85 ° 22'  E