Caryopsis

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Caryopsis of the wheat grain
Caryopsis, naked barley
Weed millet husk ( Panicum miliaceum subsp. Ruderale ), under the foreleg and lemma you can see the cut open caryopsis

As Caryopsis (also Cariopse ) or grain , cereal grains and cereal -seeded be, nut-like closing fruits of grasses called that of an above-permanent Gynoeceum originated and where the seed coat with thin pericarp grown and is unsolvable. In contrast, the similar achene is only fused to the pericarp at one point. The fruit looks like a seed , but from a botanical point of view it is a fruit. It is one of the grain fruits , the caryopsis is located in the husk , a false fruit that is created by the more or less strong clasping and fusing of the caryopsis with the fore and cover husks .

When Job's Tears all Spelzfrucht is located in the hose fruit (utriculus).

Under the seed coat and the pericarp lies the nutritive tissue (the endosperm ), which is surrounded by the aleurone layer and consists of large, thin-walled cells filled with starch grains surrounded by gluten . The embryo is located in the lower part of the caryopsis and is connected to the nutrient tissue by a shield-shaped organ, the scutellum .

The name for this form of fruit comes from LC Richard and is derived from the Greek ϰάρυον káryon for "nut" or "core" and ὄψις ópsis for "appearance".

literature

  • Peter Schütt , Hans J. Schuck, Bernd Stimm: Lexicon of tree and shrub species . Nikol, Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-933203-53-8 , pp. 244 .
  • Gerhard Wagenitz : Dictionary of botany. Morphology, anatomy, taxonomy, evolution. 2nd, expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-937872-94-0 , p. 166.
  • Hans Joachim Conert: Parey's grass book. Recognize and determine the grasses of Germany . Parey, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-8263-3327-6 , pp. 14 .

Web links

Commons : Caryopsis  - collection of images, videos and audio files
  • Grain grain in the Lexicon of Nutrition, at Spektrum, accessed on February 10, 2018.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Schütt et al .: Lexicon of tree and shrub species. P. 244.
  2. ^ R. Lieberei, W. Franke, Ch. Reisdorff: Nutzpflanzenkunde. 7th edition, Thieme, 2007, ISBN 978-3-13-530407-6 , p. 84, limited preview in the Google book search.
  3. ^ Conert: Parey's book of grasses. P. 14.
  4. ^ Wagenitz: Dictionary of Botany. P. 166.