Spring grass

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Spring grass
Spring grass (Catabrosa aquatica)

Spring grass ( Catabrosa aquatica )

Systematics
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sweet grasses (Poaceae)
Subfamily : Pooideae
Genre : Catabrosa
Type : Spring grass
Scientific name
Catabrosa aquatica
( L. ) P.Beauv.
Illustration (from Jan Kops et al .: Flora batava. JC Sepp, Amsterdam 1844, volume 8.)
Stock flooding in a ditch

The spring grass ( Catabrosa aquatica ) is a kind of the plant family of the sweet grasses (Poaceae). It has become rare in the last few decades and has disappeared in many regions. Since it can easily be confused with types of bluegrass ( Poa ) or swaths ( Glyceria ), it is often not recognized.

description

The spring grass is a perennial plant that grows in loose turf and forms long, above-ground creeping shoots that are rooted at the nodes . The stalks reach heights of 10 to 40, rarely up to 80 centimeters. They are smooth, bare and often a little spongy in the lower part. The leaf sheaths are keeled, smooth and glabrous, compressed on the sides and closed almost to the top. The ligula is 2 to 4 millimeters long and fringed. The leaf blades are 5 to 25 inches long and 3 to 12 millimeters wide. They are soft, smooth, and bare, only rough around the edges. They initially grow folded, later spread out flat.

The flowering period is from June to September. The flowers are in a 5 to 30 centimeter long, loose, upright panicle with an elongated to pyramidal outline. The lower rough side branches protrude far. The spikelets are one to two-flowered, rarely also three-flowered and 2.2 to 4.5 millimeters long. The 0.5 to 4 millimeter long spikelet stalks are rough. The glumes are thin, smooth and glabrous. The lower one is unnerved, narrowly ovoid and 0.8 to 1.5 millimeters long. The upper one is one-nerved, 1.5 to 2 millimeters long and broadly ovate. The lemmas are 2 to 3 millimeters long, three-veined, broadly ovate, smooth and glabrous. The palea are the same length as the lemma, two-veined, narrowly elliptical and glabrous. The stamens are 0.8 to 1.8 millimeters long. The elliptical fruits are 1.8 to 2.2 millimeters long and smooth and bare.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 20.

Distribution and location requirements

The distribution area of ​​the spring grass extends in the temperate zones of the northern hemisphere from China via Pakistan, Afghanistan, Mongolia and Russia to Europe and Southwest Asia. It is also represented in Argentina and Chile. Furthermore, the species is a neophyte in Canada, with the exception of the Arctic region, in the northern states of the USA and those in the Rocky Mountains as well as in Iceland , Greenland and Alaska .

It occurs from the plain to middle mountain ranges, for example in the Alps at an altitude of up to 1580 meters. In the Allgäu Alps in Vorarlberg on Kalbelesee on the Hochtannberg Pass, it rises up to 1665 meters above sea level. It grows on springs, streams and moats, on river and pond banks, and often also in water. In Central Europe it is a character species of the Catabrosetum from the Sparganio-Glycerion association.

Systematics

The genus Catabrosa belongs to the tribe Poeae in the subfamily Pooideae . It contains three to four species, in addition to the spring grass, the southwest and central Asian Catabrosa capusii Franch. , the Southwest Asian Catabrosa pseudairoides (JCG Herrm.) Tzvelev and the Catabrosa werdermannii (Pilg.) Nicora & Rúgolo, which is widespread from Bolivia to Chile . The latter species grows in the Andes at heights of 3000 to 4500 meters. The following species have recently been newly described in this genus:

  • Catabrosa afghanica Tzvelev : The species first described in 2013 occurs in Afghanistan .
  • Catabrosa drakensbergensis (Hedberg & I. Hedberg) Soreng & Fish (Syn .: Colpodium drakensbergense Hedberg & I. Hedberg ): This species, which occurs in Lesotho and KwaZulu-Natal , was placed in this genus in 2011.
  • Catabrosa longissima Tzvelev : The species first described in 2013 occurs in the eastern Transcaucasus .

With Catabrosa aquatica at least two varieties are distinguished:

  • Catabrosa aquatica var. Aquatica : nominate form
  • Catabrosa aquatica var. Angusta Stapf in JD Hooker : The variety is smaller than the nominate form, the stalks only reach a height of 20 centimeters, the panicles are thinner, the branches are 1 to 2 centimeters shorter. The lemmas are 1.5 to 2.2 millimeters long. The occurrence of the variety extends to various mountain regions in China.

Another common German-language name for Silesia is the name "Sweet Milence".

use

The spring grass is a good forage grass, but because of its rarity it has no meaning. Animals run the risk of developing liver fluke when they are eaten.

proof

literature

  • Hans Joachim Conert: Parey's grass book. Recognize and determine the grasses of Germany . Parey, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-8263-3327-6 , pp. 182 .
  • Thomas A. Cope: Flora of Pakistan 143: Poaceae . Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi 1982, p. 425 ( online ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Hans Joachim Conert: Parey's grass book. Recognize and determine the grasses of Germany . Parey, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-8263-3327-6 , pp. 182 .
  2. ↑ a b c Wu Zhenlan, Sylvia M. Phillips: Catabrosa . In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 22: Poaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2006, ISBN 1-930723-50-4 , pp. 313-314 (English, online - PDF file ). (English).
  3. ↑ a b RJ Soreng: Catabrosa. In: Catalog of New World Grasses (Poaceae): IV. Subfamily Pooideae. In: Contributions from the United States National Herbarium. Volume 48, 2003, pp. 228-230, digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fopenurl%3Fpid%3Dtitle%3A687%26volume%3D48%26issue%3D%26spage%3D228%26date%3D2003~GB%3D~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D , Catabrosa at Tropicos.org. In: Catalog of New World Grasses . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed September 29, 2012. Updated version.
  4. ↑ Entry in USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (accessed October 4, 2008)
  5. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 182.
  6. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  226 .
  7. ^ Catabrosa aquatica in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved October 3, 2008. (English)
  8. ↑ a b Benito Valdés, Hildemar Scholz; Eckhard von Raab-Straube, Gerald Parolly (collaborators): Poaceae (pro parte majore). Catabrosa. In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2009.
  9. ↑ Entry in Tropicos.
  10. ^ Hans Joachim Conert: Catabrosa . In: Hans Joachim Conert (ed.): Illustrated flora of Central Europe . Founded by Gustav Hegi. 3rd, completely revised edition. Volume I. Part 3: Spermatophyta: Angiospermae: Monocotyledones 1 (2). Poaceae (real grasses or sweet grasses) . Parey Buchverlag, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-8263-2868-X , p. 501–504 (published 1979–1998).
  11. ↑ a b c d Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Catabrosa aquatica. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved November 8, 2016.
  12. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, p. 85. ( online ).

Web links

Commons : Catabrosa aquatica  - album with pictures, videos and audio files