Swaths

Swaths
	Flooding plumes ( Glyceria fluitans ), inflorescence
Systematics
	Monocots
	Commelinids
Order :	Sweet grass (Poales)
Family :	Sweet grasses (Poaceae)
Subfamily :	Pooideae
Genre :	Swaths
Scientific name
	Glyceria
	R.Br.

The windrows ( Glyceria ), also called plume grass, sweet grass or Süßschwaden, are a genus within the family of the sweet grasses (Poaceae). The approximately 40 species are distributed from the temperate areas to the subtropics .

description

Illustration of the water plume ( Glyceria maxima )

Illustration of 1) flooding plumes ( Glyceria fluitans , right) and 2) folded plumes ( Glyceria notata , left)

Vegetative characteristics

Glyceria species are perennial herbaceous plants . They usually form subterranean runners . The non-flowering renewal shoots grow outside the leaf sheaths (extravaginally). The stalks stand upright or kneeled upright, have several nodes and are bare. The leaf sheaths are fused to the tip, glabrous and usually slightly rough. The ligule is a mostly frayed, membranous border. The leaf blades are flat, gradually pointed to broadly rounded, also suddenly contracted like a hood. In the bud position the leaves are folded.

Generative characteristics

Glyceria species form relatively large, spread out to contracted paniculate inflorescences . The spikelets are three- to many-flowered, almost twisted or flattened laterally. All flowers are hermaphroditic. The spikelet axis is divided above the upper glume and between the florets and disintegrates when the fruit is ripe. The glumes are single-nerved and shorter than the lowest lemma , membranous, glabrous and smooth to scabrous. The lemmas are usually seven to nine-veined (five to eleven-veined), have an egg-shaped to elongated-lanceolate shape, membranous and glabrous, smooth to rough, without awn and rounded on the back. The edge is broad, dry-skinned and transparent. The palea are two-veined and almost as long as the lemma. The keels are short haired and often winged on top. There are three, rarely two stamens . The ovary is bald and has two long styluses with feathery scars .

The caryopses are oblong-ovoid to obovate and glabrous. The embryo is elliptical and about a fifth as long as the fruit. The umbilicus is line-shaped and extends over the entire length of the fruit.

ingredients

Several species contain the cyanogenic glycoside triglochinin .

Glyceria australis

Glyceria elata

Glyceria grandis

Water vapor ( Glyceria maxima )

Population of Glyceria occidentalis in the Humboldt Bay National Wildlife Refuge Complex, California

Striped plume ( Glyceria striata )

Systematics and distribution

The genus Glyceria was established in 1810 by Robert Brown . Type species is Glyceria fluitans (L.) R.Br. Synonyms for Glyceria (L.) R.Br. are: Hydrochloa Hartm. nom. illeg., Hydropoa (Dumort.) Dumort. nom. superfl., Nevroloma Raf. , Exydra Endl. , Hemibromus Steud. , Porroteranthe Steud.

The genus Glyceria belongs to the tribe Meliceae in the subfamily Pooideae within the family Poaceae .

In Central Europe there are blue-green swaths ( Glyceria declinata ), flooding swaths ( Glyceria fluitans ), Nordic swaths ( Glyceria lithuanica ), water swaths ( Glyceria maxima ), grove swaths ( Glyceria nemoralis ), folded swaths ( Glyceria notata ), striped swaths ( Glyceria striata ). A hybrid that occurs naturally in Central Europe is the bastard swath ( Glyceria × pedicellata F. Towns. = Glyceria fluitans × Glyceria notata ).

The genus Glyceria includes about 40 species:

Glyceria acutiflora Torr. : It occurs from the temperate zones of East Asia to China and in the eastern and central United States. With 2 subspecies.
Glyceria alnasteretum Kom . : It occurs from the Far Eastern Asiatic Russia to northern Korea and Japan.
Glyceria × amurensis Prob. = Glyceria arundinacea × Glyceria leptorhiza . It occurs in Far Eastern Asiatic Russia.
Glyceria arkansana Fernald : It is found in the central and eastern United States.
Glyceria arundinacea Kunth : It occurs from Hungary to Turkey and to Far Eastern Asiatic Russia.
Glyceria australis C.E. Hubb. : It occurs in southwestern and southeastern Australia.
Glyceria borealis (Nash) batch. : It occurs from sub-Arctic America to northeast Mexico.
Glyceria canadensis (Michx.) Trin. (Syn .: Glyceria laxa (Scribn.) Scribn. ): It occurs from Canada to the northern and eastern United States.
Glyceria caspia Trin. : It occurs in Transcaucasia.
Glyceria chinensis Keng ex ZLWu : It occurs in eastern Yunnan and southwestern Guizhou .
Glyceria colombiana Gir.-Cañas : It occurs in Colombia.
Blue-green plumes ( Glyceria declinata Bréb. ): It is common in Macaronesia , Europe and Morocco and is a neophyte in North America .

Glyceria depauperata Ohwi : It occurs from the Kuril Islands to Japan.

Glyceria × digenea Domin = Glyceria fluitans × Glyceria maxima : It occurs in Europe.

Glyceria drummondii (Steud.) CEHubb. : It occurs in west-southwest Western Australia .

Glyceria elata (Nash) MEJones : It occurs from western Canada to the western and central United States.

Flooding plumes ( Glyceria fluitans (L.) R.Br. ): It is widespread in Europe to Turkmenistan , also occurs in Morocco and is a neophyte in North America, Chile, Australia and New Zealand.

Glyceria × gatineauensis Bowden = Glyceria melicaria × Glyceria striata : It occurs in eastern Canada and in the northeastern United States.

Glyceria grandis S. Watson : It occurs from subarctic North America to the United States.

Glyceria insularis C.E. Hubb. : It only occurs on the island of Tristan da Cunha .

Glyceria ischyroneura Steud. : It occurs from the Kuril Islands to Japan and in Korea.

Glyceria latispicea (F.Muell.) F.Muell. : It occurs in eastern, central and northeastern New South Wales .

Glyceria leptolepis Ohwi (Syn .: Glyceria formosensis Ohwi ): It occurs from the temperate zones of East Asia to China and Far Eastern Russia.

Glyceria leptorhiza (Maxim.) Kom .: It occurs from south-eastern Siberia to the Chinese province of Heilongjiang and in Japan.

Glyceria leptostachya Buckley : It occurs from southeast Alaska to western California.

Nordic steam ( Glyceria lithuanica (Gorski) Gorski , Syn .: Glyceria triflora (Korsh.) Kom. ): It is widespread in Northeast Europe and Asia from the Caucasus to China, Japan to the Kuriles .

Water swaths ( Glyceria maxima (Hartm.) Holmb. ): It is widespread from Europe to northwest China.

Glyceria melicaria (Michx.) FTHubb. : It occurs from eastern Canada to the eastern United States.

Glyceria multiflora Steud. : It occurs from southern Brazil to Argentina, Uruguay and Chile.

Grove swaths ( Glyceria nemoralis (R.Uechtr.) R.Uechtr. & Koern. ): It is widespread from eastern Central Europe and Eastern Europe to the Caucasus.

Folded plumes ( Glyceria notata Chevall. , Syn .: Glyceria plicata (Fr.) Fr. ): It is widespread from Europe to Pakistan and northwestern China and northwestern Africa.

Glyceria nubigena W.A. Anderson : It is found in the central and eastern United States.

Glyceria obtusa (Muhl.) Trin. : It occurs from eastern Canada to the eastern United States.

Glyceria occidentalis (Piper) JCNelson : It occurs from western Canada to the western United States.

Glyceria × ottawensis Bowden = Glyceria canadensis × Glyceria striata : It occurs in eastern Canada.

Glyceria x pedicellata F. Towns. = Glyceria fluitans × Glyceria notata : It occurs in Europe.

Glyceria probatovae Tzvelev : The species first described in 2006 occurs from the southern Kuril Islands to Japan.

Glyceria pulchella (Nash) K.Schum. : It occurs from sub-Arctic America to western and central Canada.

Glyceria saltensis Sulekic & Rúgolo : It occurs in north-western Argentina.

Glyceria septentrionalis Hitchc. : It occurs from southeastern Canada to Mexico.

Glyceria spicata cast. : It occurs in the Mediterranean and India.

Glyceria spiculosa (JASchmidt) Roshev. ex B. Fedsch. : It occurs from Siberia to northern Korea.

Striped plume ( Glyceria striata (Lam.) Hitchc. ): It occurs from subarctic North America to Guatemala and is a neophyte in Europe and New Zealand.

Glyceria × tokitana Masamura = Glyceria ischyroneura × Glyceria leptolepis : It occurs in Japan.

Glyceria tonglensis C.B.Clarke (Syn .: glyceria ovatiflora Keng Keng ex f. ): It occurs from the Himalayas to southern China.

Glyceria voroschilovii Tzvelev : The species first described in 2006 occurs on the southern Kuril Islands.

supporting documents

Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive. CD-ROM, Version 1.1, Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Glyceria. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved January 24, 2020.
^ Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive. CD-ROM, Version 1.1, Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .
^ Manfred A. Fischer , Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
^ Glyceria , In: WD Clayton, K. T Harman, H. Williamson: GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora . 2006ff., Accessed July 21, 2008.

Web links

Commons : Schwaden ( Glyceria ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Map with all linked sites: OSM | WikiMap

[WCSP-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Glyceria. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved January 24, 2020.

[SchmeilFitschenInteraktiv-2] Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive. CD-ROM, Version 1.1, Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .

[Fischer2008-3] Manfred A. Fischer , Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .

[GrassBase-4] Glyceria , In: WD Clayton, K. T Harman, H. Williamson: GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora . 2006ff., Accessed July 21, 2008.