Fluffy meadow oats

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Fluffy meadow oats
Fluffy meadow oats (Avenula pubescens)

Fluffy meadow oats ( Avenula pubescens )

Systematics
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sweet grasses (Poaceae)
Subfamily : Pooideae
Genre : Avenula
Type : Fluffy meadow oats
Scientific name of the  genus
Avenula
(Dumort.) Dumort.
Scientific name of the  species
Avenula pubescens
( Huds. ) Domort.

The downy meadow oats ( Avenula pubescens ), also known as downy oats , is the only species of the Avenula plant genus within the sweet grass family (Poaceae). It is widespread in Eurasia .

description

Lower part of the hairy leaf and ligule

Vegetative characteristics

The fluffy meadow oat is a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 30 to 120 centimeters.

The alternately arranged leaves are divided into leaf sheath and leaf blade. Leaf sheath and blade are softly hairy. The leaf blade is characteristically flat, it appears V-shaped in diameter. The ligule is 5 to 7 millimeters long.

Generative characteristics

There are many spikelets in a three to five-branched panicle inflorescence . The spikelet, 10 to 17 millimeters long, usually contains three flowers. At least one glume is as long as the spikelet. The lower one is one-nerved, the upper mostly three-nerved. The (mostly) three lemmas are keeled and at least two of them form long awns.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 14.

Section of the inflorescence
illustration

Occurrence

The downy meadow oats are widespread from Europe to the Caucasus and Central Asia to Mongolia . In the Allgäu Alps, the fluffy meadow oats in the Tyrolean part of the Geißhorn rise to an altitude of 2080 meters.

It colonizes fresh meadows, fresh pastures, dwarf shrub heaths , nebulized grass lawns , dry and semi-dry lawns and ruderal meadows on moderately nutrient-rich, often calcareous, dry to slightly moist soils . It is a character species of the order Arrhenatheretalia elatioris, but also occurs in plant communities of the Mesobromion erecti association.

Use and endangerment

The fluffy meadow oats are good forage grass , but they do not tolerate grazing or overfertilization. In some federal states of Germany it is on their red lists, as its stocks are falling sharply in many places due to the intensification of agriculture.

Taxonomy

The first publication took place in 1762 under the name ( Basionym ) Avena pubescens by William Hudson in Flora Anglica ... , page 42. The new combination to Avenula pubescens (Huds.) Dumort. was published in 1868 by Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier in Bulletin de la Société Royale de Botanique de Belgique , Volume 7, page 68.

Other synonyms for Avenula pubescens (Huds.) Dumort. are: Avena alopecuros Roth , Avena amethystina DC. , Avena balloniana Kirschl. , Avena baumgartenii Steud. , Avena bornmuelleri Domin , Avena carpatica Host , Avena glabra K.Koch , Avena insubrica (Asch. & Graebn.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. , Avena hirtifolia Boiss. , Avena hugeninii De Not. ex Steud. , Avena laevigata Schur , Avena lucida Bertol. , Avena pseudolucida Schur , Avena sesquitertia L. , Avena varia Schur nom. superfl., Avena versicolor Baumg. ex Steud. , Avena laevigata var. Insubrica Ash. & Graebn. , Avena pubescens var. Alpina Gaudin , Avena pubescens subsp. amethystina (DC.) Clarion ex DC. , Avena pubescens var. Diantha (Heuff.) Schur , Avena pubescens var. Glabra Gray , Avena pubescens var. Glabrescens Schur , Avena pubescens var. Insubrica (Asch. & Graebn.) Fiori , Avena pubescens var. Laevigata (Schur) St. - Yves , Avena pubescens var. Longifolia Boiss. , Avena pubescens subsp. insubrica (Asch. & Graebn.) Hegi , Arrhenatherum pubescens (Huds.) Samp. , Avenastrum insubricum (Asch. & Graebn.) Fritsch , Avenastrum laevigatum (Schur) Domin , Avenastrum pubescens (Huds.) Opiz , Avenochloa pubescens (Huds.) Holub , Avenastrum sesquitertium (L.) Fritsch , Avenochloa laevigata (Schur) Soó , Avenochloa pubescens var. Alpina (Gaudin) Kerguélen, Lejeunia , Avenochloa pubescens subsp. amethystina (DC.) Soó , Avenochloa pubescens subsp. anatolica (Holub) Soó , Avenochloa pubescens subsp. laevigata (Schur) Soó , Festuca cristata C.C. Gmel. ex Roem. & Schult. , Helictotrichon laevigatum (Schur) Potztal , Helictotrichon pubescens (Huds.) Pilg. , Helictotrichon pubescens var. Alpinum (Gaudin) Grossh. , Helictotrichon pubescens subsp. amethystinum (DC.) Soó , Helictotrichon pubescens subsp. anatolicum (Holub) Soó , Helictotrichon pubescens subsp. laevigatum (Schur) Soó , Helictotrichon pubescens var. latifolium (Printz) Tzvelev , Helictotrichon pubescens subsp. longifolium Dogan (Boiss.) , Heuffelia laevigata (Schur) Schur , Heuffelia lucida (Bertol.) Schur , Heuffelia pubescens (Huds.) Schur , Heuffelia pubescens var. pallida Schur , Heuffelia pubescens var. subracemosa Schur , Heuffelia pubescens var. subtricolor Schur , Homalotrichon pubescens subsp. laevigatum (Schur) Banfi, Galasso & Bracchi , Homalotrichon pubescens (Huds.) Banfi, Galasso & Bracchi , Homalotrichon pubescens subsp. longifolium (Boiss.) H. Scholz & Valdés , Neoholubia pubescens (Huds.) Tzvelev , Neoholubia pubescens var. alpina (Gaudin) Tzvelev , Trisetaria carpatica (host) Baumg. , Trisetaria bornmuelleri (Domin) H.Scholz , Trisetaria sesquitertia (L.) Baumg. , Trisetum alopecuros (Roth) Roem. & Schult. , Trisetum bornmuelleri Domin , Trisetum carpaticum (host) Roem. & Schult. , Trisetum pubescens (Huds.) Roem. & Schult. , Trisetum sesquitertium (L.) P.Beauv. , Trisetum varium Schur nom. superfl., Avenula pubescens var. amethystina (DC.) O Bolòs & Vigo , Avenula pubescens var. longifolia Boiss. , Avenula pubescens subsp. bornmuelleri Holub , Avenula pubescens subsp. laevigata (Schur) Holub , Avenula pubescens subsp. longifolia (Boiss.) H. Scholz & Valdés . There are no more subtaxas.

literature

  • Eckehart J. Jäger, Klaus Werner (Ed.): Excursion flora from Germany . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 10th edited edition. tape 4 : Vascular Plants: Critical Volume . Elsevier, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Munich / Heidelberg 2005, ISBN 3-8274-1496-2 .
  • E. Foerster: Sedges, rushes, ledges and other mock grasses of grassland - a key to determining in the flowerless state. Kleve-Kellen manuscript 1982.
  • Hans Joachim Conert: Parey's grass book. Recognize and determine the grasses of Germany . Parey, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-8263-3327-6 .
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: Our grasses. Sweet grasses, sour grasses, rushes . 11th edition. Kosmos, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-440-07613-X .

Individual evidence

  1. a b c d Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Avenula pubescens. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved February 7, 2020.
  2. a b c B. Valdés, H. Scholz, with the participation of E. von Raab-Straube, G. Parolly, 2009: Poaceae (pro parte majore). In: Aveneae in Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity .
  3. a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 246.
  4. Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 170.

Web links

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