Hard grass
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Hard grass ( Sclerochloa dura ) |
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| ( L. ) P.Beauv. |
The hard grass ( Sclerochloa dura ) is a species of the genus Sclerochloa and thus the family of sweet grasses (Poaceae).
description
The hard gas is an annual, gray-green grass that grows in small tufts. The stalks reach heights of 5–20 cm, are upright or kneeling. They are bald and compressed on the sides. The leaf sheaths are closed in the lower third or the lower half. The ligule is a 1.5-3.5 mm long membranous border. The leaf blades are 1–4 mm wide and folded as buds. The flower panicle is 1.5–4 cm long, often grape-shaped or spike-shaped, contracted and one-sided, with very short, thick side branches that go off the zigzag triangular main axis individually and in two lines. They are usually only 1 cm long. The spikelet stalks are thick, up to 1 mm long. The spikelets are 3–6–8-flowered, of which the 2–3 lowest are hermaphroditic, the ones above are unisexual or sterile. The spikelets are 6–10 mm long and laterally compressed. The glumes are unequal to each other, rough-skinned with thin-skinned margins, ovate and rounded at the upper end. The lowest lemma is 5–7-nerved and 4.5–7 mm long, the upper ones are significantly shorter. It is broadly lanceolate, keeled and rounded at the top. The palea are two-veined and as long as the lemma. There are three stamens present, the anthers are 0.8–1.4 mm long.
The flowering period is May to June.
The chromosome number is 2n = 14.
distribution
The hard grass occurs from Europe to northwest China and the western Himalayas and also in northwest Africa. As a neophyte, the species is also found in the United States, Argentina and southern Australia. In Europe, the species occurs particularly in southern Europe, southeastern Europe and southern central Europe.
ecology
The hard grass occurs on beaten paths, on rubble and on dry wasteland. It thrives on warm, dry to alternately dry, nutrient-rich and alkaline-rich areas. Low-humus, dense and firm loam or clay soils. The species is salt-bearing and indicates a lack of oxygen in the soil. In Central Europe, hard grass is a character species of the Sclerochloo-Polygonetum from the Polygonion avicularis association.
Taxonomy
Sclerochloa dura was first described by Carl von Linné as Cynosurus durus in Sp. Pl .: 72 (1753). Palisot de Beauvois has the type 1812 in Ess. Agrostogr .: 98 placed in the genus Sclerochloa . Synonyms are Poa dura (L.) Scop. , Festuca dura (L.) Vill. and Sesleria dura (L.) Kunth .
literature
- Hans Joachim Conert: Sclerochloa . In: Gustav Hegi : Illustrated flora of Central Europe . 3rd edition, Volume I, Part 3, pp. 525–528, Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin, Hamburg, 1987, ISBN 3-489-52320-2 (description)
Individual evidence
- ^ Sclerochloa dura at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Sclerochloa dura. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved June 10, 2020.
- ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 220 .
