Vaginal grass

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Vaginal grass
Vaginal grass (Coleanthus subtilis), illustration [1]

Vaginal grass ( Coleanthus subtilis ), illustration

Systematics
Monocots
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sweet grasses (Poaceae)
Genre : Coleanthus
Type : Vaginal grass
Scientific name
Coleanthus subtilis
( Tratt. ) Seidl
Spikelets, illustration

The vagina grass or vaginal flower grass ( Coleanthus subtilis ) is the only species of the genus Coleanthus in the sweet grass family (Poaceae). The German name of the species refers to the enlarged leaf sheaths . The grass, which is very rare in Central Europe, is a pioneer plant and colonizes periodically drying mud soils.

description

The vaginal grass is an annual , small-growing grass that grows in small clusters, mostly on the ground. The stalks are 30 to 80 millimeters long, they are thin, prostrate or ascending, somewhat grooved and have two to three knots . The leaf sheaths are bare and closed in the lower half, especially the uppermost leaf sheath is very inflated. The ligule are 0.5 to 0.8 millimeters long and form a membranous border. The bald leaf blades are 10 to 20 millimeters long and 1 to 2 millimeters wide. They are folded, often curved into a sickle shape and slightly grooved.

There are 10 to 30 millimeters long panicles formed. They are composed of several more or less dense groups of ears arranged in clusters . The spikelets are single-flowered and are 0.8 to 1.2 millimeters long. They remain on the panicle even after the ripening period. The glumes are absent. The tender-skinned lemmas are single-nerved and are 0.8 to 1.2 millimeters long. They are bald, only the middle nerve is hairy short and protruding. In the lower part they are egg-shaped, above it elongated and at the upper end narrowly rounded or awn-like. The soft-skinned and bald palea are two-veined and 0.4 to 0.6 millimeters long. They have wide, folded sides and are four-lobed at the top. The two nerves each end in a short point. Two stamens are formed. The anthers are about 0.3 millimeters long, the filaments are attached to the bottom of the anthers. The stigmas of the ovary are thread-shaped and protrude from the flowers at the top. The fruits are 0.6 to 0.8 millimeters long. They are wrinkled, protrude between the cover and palea and fall off without any external influence.

The vagina usually blooms from June to September, rarely as early as May or later until November. It is diploid with a chromosome number of 2n = 14.

distribution

The distribution area of ​​the vaginal grass extends over several small, strongly disjoint sub-areas:

The vaginal grass is listed in Annex II and IV of the Habitats Directive and is therefore classified as a priority species. In Germany it is particularly protected under the Federal Species Protection Ordinance and is considered to be endangered.

Ecology and sociology

The vaginal grass is a therophyte with a life cycle of six to seven weeks. It grows in short-lived, gappy dwarf rush communities that cover about 60 to 80% of the soil. It occurs in widely spaced locations, often in the mud of drained ponds, on stream and river banks and oxbow lakes. It's very rare and inconsistent. As soon as the ground is flooded again, it disappears. It can only last two to four years under the most favorable conditions. The seeds can survive for a long time in flooded soils without losing their ability to germinate, according to older information for up to 20 years and more.

It spreads through rivers over relatively short distances ( hydrochory ) and through water and marsh birds ( zoochory ). The widely separated distribution areas in the Bohemian Massif, around Saint Petersburg and in Siberia can be explained by the fact that wild ducks can carry seeds.

The vaginal bloom thrives primarily in the Cypero-Limoselletum from the Nanocyperion association.

Systematics, name and botanical history

The vaginal grass was in 1811 by the brothers in January Svatopluk and carl borivoj presl in Osek District Pilsen discovered and by 1816 Leopold Trattinnick under the name ( Basionym ) Schmidtia subtilis first described . Wenzel Benno Seidl placed the species in the genus Coleanthus in 1817 (in Roemer & Schultes : Systema vegetabilium ).

The genus name Coleanthus is derived from the Greek koleós = sword scabbard and ánthos = flower , blossom . The specific epithet subtilis (Latin for fine , thin , tender ) refers to the thread-thin stems. The German name Scheidenblütgras is a direct translation of the generic name. Sheath grass is not a literal translation, but emphasizes one of the most striking features of the species: the enlarged leaf sheaths.

The vaginal grass is the only species in the genus Coleanthus . The genus is assigned to the tribe Poeae in the subfamily Pooideae . Other authors they represent due to the large differences from other grasses (missing Glumes, lack of erectile tissue , two stamens , extended pens ) into a separate tribe Coleantheae. Mistakenly genus Coleanthus often associated with six other species that actually the genus Coleosanthus of the family Asteraceae were counted. These species are now included in the genus Brickellia .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Illustration from Otto Wilhelm Thomé: Flora of Germany, Austria and Switzerland . Gera-Untermhaus, 1885
  2. ↑ Monika Kriechbaum, Marcus Koch: Coleanthus subtilis (Poaceae) - rediscovered . In: Neilreichia. Volume 1, 2001, pp. 51-56 (PDF file) .
  3. ↑ a b Hans Joachim Conert: Parey's grass book. Recognize and determine the grasses of Germany . Parey, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-8263-3327-6 , pp. 186 .
  4. ↑ a b c d e Slavomil Hejný: Coleanthus subtilis (Tratt.) Seidl in Czechoslovakia. In: Folia Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica. Volume 4, No. 4, 1969, pp. 345-399 DOI: 10.1007 / BF02854697 .
  5. ^ A b Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
  6. ↑ Jerzy Fabiszewski, Jan Cebrat: Coleanthus subtilis (Tratt.) Seidel [sic!] - a new species to the Polish vascular flora . In: Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae. Volume 72, No. 2, 2003, pp. 135-138 ( online English).
  7. ↑ Birgit Fleischer: Coleanthus subtilis (Tratt.) Seidl - a new find for Upper Lusatia. In: Saxon floristic messages. Volume 7, 2002, pp. 14-19.
  8. ^ A b c Siegfried Woike: Contribution to the occurrence of Coleanthus subtilis (Tratt.) Seidl (Feines Scheidenblütgras) in Europe. In: Folia Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica. Volume 4, No. 4, 1969, pp. 401-413, DOI: 10.1007 / BF02854698 .
  9. ^ A b Paul M. Catling: Coleanthus subtilis (Poaceae), New to Northwest Territories, and its Status in North America . In: Rhodora . tape 111 , no. 945 , 2009, p. 109-119 , doi : 10.3119 / 08-8.1 .
  10. ↑ Kriechbaum, Koch: Coleanthus subtilis (Poaceae) - rediscovered , pp. 52–53
  11. ↑ a b c Coleanthus subtilis , entry in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (English, accessed on Dec. 14, 2008)
  12. ↑ Floraweb
  13. ↑ Kriechbaum, Koch: Coleanthus subtilis (Poaceae) - rediscovered , p. 53
  14. ↑ Karl-Georg Bernhardt, Elisabeth Ulbel, Marcus Koch, Josef Webhofer: Preservation of the vaginal grass in Austria. Survival of endangered plant species in the pond floor using the example of Coleanthus subtilis . In: Nature conservation and landscape planning. Journal of Applied Ecology . March 2005, ISSN  0940-6808 , p. 88-92 ( PDF file [accessed May 14, 2010]).
  15. ↑ Kriechbaum, Koch: Coleanthus subtilis (Poaceae) - rediscovered , p. 54
  16. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  259 .
  17. ↑ Leopold Trattinnick: Flora of the Austrian Empire. First volume, Anton Strauss, Vienna 1816, p. 12 ( online ) & table .
  18. ↑ Schmidtia subtilis , entry in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (English, accessed on Dec. 14, 2008)
  19. ^ Johann Jacob Römer, Joseph August Schultes: Systema vegetabilium. 16th edition. Volume 2, JG Cotta, Stuttgart, 1817, p. 276 ( online ).
  20. ↑ Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 , p. 167 (reprint from 1996).
  21. ↑ Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 , p. 620 (reprint from 1996).
  22. ↑ Kriechbaum, Koch: Coleanthus subtilis (Poaceae) - rediscovered , p. 51
  23. ↑ Shou-liang Chen, Sylvia M. Phillips: Coleanthus Seidel (sic!) In Roemer & Schultes. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 22: Poaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2006, ISBN 1-930723-50-4 , Coleanthus subtilis , pp. 340 (English, online - PDF file ; English).
  24. ↑ Kriechbaum, Koch: Coleanthus subtilis (Poaceae) - rediscovered , p. 52

Web links

Commons : Scheidengras  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files
This version was added to the list of articles worth reading on April 29, 2010 .