Süderbergland

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The Süderbergland , sometimes also referred to as the Südergebirge , is a natural spatial main unit group (code 33 or D38) of the Rhenish Slate Mountains in North Rhine-Westphalia and northwestern Hesse . It roughly corresponds to the historical regions Sauerland , Bergisches Land , Siegerland and Wittgensteiner Land in North Rhine-Westphalia as well as the Upland and the extreme northwest of the hinterland in Hesse.

Associated low mountain range

The Süderbergland includes several self-contained mountain ranges, most of which are commonly referred to as "Sauerland" - sorted by height in meters (m) above sea level:

In lists of the mountain ranges, the Bergisches Land is also often given with a height of 519.2  m on the Homert . However, this is a foothill of the Ebbe Mountains, while the historical Bergisches Land is otherwise in the gradual flattening of the Southern Mountains towards the Rhine.

Similarly, the highest elevations in the historical Siegerland (for example the 677.7  m high belt ) are not in the natural Siegerland (see main units), but in the Rothaargebirge. And the 633  m high Old Castle is located in the Siegerland, also in terms of its natural surroundings, but is not the highest elevation of an independent ridge, but part of the Siegerland Rothaar Vorhöhen , which roof the Rothaargebirge to the west .

The Hessian Upland, on the other hand, is part of the Rothaargebirge and its eastern mountain range.

Natural structure

The Süderbergland is divided into main units (three-digit codes) and the next finer units (one decimal place) as follows:

The units 336 1 and 336 2 together are also called Westsauerländer Oberland (336), the units 337 1 and 337 2 also called Bergisch-Sauerland Unterland . However, these terms are owed to the problem that the decadal system only allows 10 three-digit codes, but the Süderbergland has 12 main units.

The main units in detail

The Süderbergland is a relatively extensive natural spatial main unit group in terms of area. Nevertheless, the change in relief from one main unit to the next is mostly gentle, with only the eastern roofing of the Rothaargebirge mountain range being comparatively rugged. Accordingly, none of the inner mountain ranges has a "skyline" recognizable from afar, but - besides the Rothaar Mountains from the (south) east - the significantly flatter Upper Arnsberg Forest from the Westphalian Bay to the north . The heights therefore decrease very inconspicuously to the east, north and south of the central Ebbe Mountains .

Mittelieg-Bergland

The Mittelieg-Bergland (main unit 330) is about its eastern half in Rhineland-Palatinate , the western half in Bergisch ( North Rhine-Westphalia ). It follows the course of the victory in an east-west direction roughly from the municipality of Mittelhof east of Wissens to Hennef . The Siegtal divides the mountainous region on both sides of the river into a northern part, covering the Westerwald, and a southern part.

Siegerland

The natural Siegerland (main unit 331) is a little more southwest than the historical one . While parts of the north-east of Kreuztal , the east of Hilchenbach and the far east of Netphens are included in the Rothaargebirge , the north-east of the Altenkirchen district in Rhineland-Palatinate is still naturally included in the Siegerland.

The valley of the Sieg divides the Siegerland into a north-west and a south-east part. The Siegerland Rothaar Vorhöhen in the east of the south-east part rise to 633  m at the Old Castle and go directly to the east into the Rothaar Mountains.

East Sauerland mountain range

The eastern Sauerland mountain range (main unit 332), which is mostly in Hesse , represents the (northern, south) eastern roofing of the Rothaargebirge to the western Hessian mountain range . B. Medebacher Bucht  - are dominated by agriculture, others as forest areas can only be distinguished from the parts of the Rothaargebirge immediately to the west in terms of altitude and relief.

Rothaar Mountains

The Rothaargebirge (main unit 333), which is up to 843.2  m high, is the focal point of the Süderbergland. It extends from the east of the historic Siegerland in the west to Hesse in the Upland and in the Hessian hinterland , a southwestern foothill to the cold oak almost touches the Westerwald at the seam line of the three federal states involved .

North Sauerland Oberland

The North Sauerland Oberland (main unit 334) encompasses the north-east of the Southern Mountains around Arnsberg , Sundern and Warstein on the northern seam line to the hair strand . At the Plackweghöhe in the Plackwald it is up to 581.5  m high.

Sauerland sinks

The Sauerland sinks (main unit 335) are a coherent area around Meschede , characterized by hill country . Contrary to the name, there are also elevations up to just over 600  m in height within the depressions.

The area of ​​the Sauerland Depression stretches from the upper middle course of the Ruhr near Meschede to the northeast to just before Brilon , while on both sides of the Lennegebirge a western tip stretches to around Balve and Neuenrade , and a south- western tip ( Wenne and Lenne with Elspe ) to Attendorn . In particular, the depressions separate the Rothaargebirge (located to the south) from the North Sauerland Oberland and the more western parts of the Westsauerländer Oberland (see below).

Märkisches Oberland

The Märkische Oberland (main unit 336 1 ) extends along the middle course of the Lenne between Plettenberg and Hohenlimburg , on the course of the Volme to Hagen and on the course of the Ennepe to ( Ennepetal -) Milspe . Of the two largest Brandenburg cities by far, Lüdenscheid is within this main unit and Iserlohn to the north is just outside.

South Sauerland highlands

The mountainous regions of the South Sauerland (main unit 336 2 ) include the Saalhauser Berge , Ebbegebirge and Lennegebirge mountain ranges that are over 688.5  m high . While the Ebbe and Lennegebirge basically represent a single ridge, separated by the Lenne in western and eastern parts , the southern Sauerland Rothaarvorhöhen with the Saalhauser mountains can almost still be regarded as a north-western foothill of the Rothaargebirge .

Biggesee lies within the main unit .

Niederbergisch-Märkisches hill country

The Niederbergisch-Märkische Hügelland (main unit 337 1 ) represents the northwestern part of the Süderbergland on the seam line to the Westenhellweg (in the north) and the Bergische Heideterrasse ( Wahner Heide ) (in the west). In the southern Ruhr area , the Ardey Mountains are particularly well known.

The landscape touches the Ruhr area south of the line (from east to west) Witten - Bochum - Essen and strikes west into the Düsseldorf city ​​area. The city of Hagen is located in the south-east, largely outside, and approximately the northern half of Wuppertal is occupied in the central south .

Lower Sauerland

The Niederauer country (main unit 337 2 ), the northern slope of the Südsauerländer Oberland or the Mark Brandenburg Higher Regional to Westphalian bay . It closes from the Ruhr aue in Neheim-Husten west to the Upper Arnsberg Forest and bordered to the north, as well as the The latter, on the hair strand . While the mountainous region north of the Ruhr breaks off sharply, it contains the estuaries of Röhr , Sorpe (with Sorpesee ), Hönne , Lenne , Volme and Ennepe as well as the places Menden , Hemer and Iserlohn, among others .

Bergische plateaus

The Bergische Plateaus (main unit 338) represent the heartland of the Niederbergische Land , which is oriented towards the upper reaches of the Wupper . In the west they border directly on the Cologne Bay .

Mountainous region of the Upper Agger and Wiehl

The mountainous region of the Upper Agger and Wiehl (main unit 339) is a smaller natural spatial main unit in the Oberbergisches , in the south to the southeast of the Bergisches Land . The central running water is the Agger , which drains to Sieg . The relief of the mountainous region is more varied than that of the mountainous plateaus to the northwest. The highest point is the Unnenberg at 506  m above sea level. NHN .

Adjacent main unit groups

To the north, the Southern Uplands merge into the Westphalian Bight (54 = D34), and in the far northeast into the Upper Weserbergland (36, part of the Lower Saxony Upland D36).

The West Hessian Bergland (34) connects to the east and the Westerwald (32 = D39) to the south .

The Rheinebene as western boundary is divided into the central Rhine area (29 = D44, extreme South-West) and the Cologne bay (55, west) and the Lower Rhine Plain (57, North-West), which together D35.

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Emil Meynen and Josef Schmithüsen : Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany . Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Remagen 1953–1961.
  2. ↑ a b Various authors: Geographical land survey: The natural space units in single sheets 1: 200,000 - Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1959-1970 →  online maps
    • Sheet 108/109: Düsseldorf / Erkelenz (K. Paffen, A. Schüttler, H. Müller-Miny 1963)
    • Sheet 110: Arnsberg (Martin Bürgener 1969)
    • Sheet 111: Arolsen (Martin Bürgener 1963)
    • Sheet 122/123: Cologne / Aachen (E. Glässer 1978)
    • Sheet 124: Siegen (H. Fischer 1972)
    • Sheet 125: Marburg (G. Sandner 1960)
  3. ↑ Sheet Siegen titled the sub-unit "Ederkopf-Lahnkopf- Heights ", the ending "- back " comes from the Environmental Atlas of Hesse
  4. ↑ Summary designation in the Hessen Environmental Atlas
  5. ↑ The first name mentioned in the Marburg and Siegen sheets, the second mentioned in brackets on the Siegen sheet, the third mentioned in the Hesse Environmental Atlas