Balve
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Coordinates: 51 ° 20 ' N , 7 ° 52' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | North Rhine-Westphalia | |
| Administrative region : | Arnsberg | |
| Circle : | Märkischer Kreis | |
| Height : | 250 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 74.81 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 11,201 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 150 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 58802 | |
| Area code : | 02375 | |
| License plate : | MK | |
| Community key : | 05 9 62 008 | |
| LOCODE : | DE BAV | |
| City structure: | seven districts | |
City administration address : |
Widukindplatz 1 58802 Balve |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Hubertus Mühling ( CDU ) | |
| Location of the town of Balve in the Märkisches Kreis | ||
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Balve , a small town in North Rhine-Westphalia with town charter since 1430, is located in the Hönnetal , a river valley in the Sauerland . For many centuries the city was a border fortress of the Sauerland region in Cologne . Their motto “Säu faste ärre Balve” (as firm as Balve) is an expression of their ability to defend themselves and comes from the time of the Truchsess war . The city's patron is the Evangelist and Apostle John .
Politically assigned to the administrative district of Arnsberg , Balve belongs to the Märkisches Kreis and the South Westphalia region . The place is best known for the Balver Cave , which is one of the most important sites of the Middle Paleolithic and is also the largest “cultural cave” in Europe (= prehistoric settlement). Today it is used for cultural events. The old Balver parish church is an important example of Romanesque hall churches in Westphalia and has artistic frescoes from the 13th century.
geography
location
The city lies at the foot of the Balver Forest in the Sauerland-Rothaargebirge nature park , not far from the Sorpesees , a dam in the Hochsauerland district . The Iserlohner Höhe ridge in the northwest borders the urban areas of Hemer , Menden , Iserlohn , Neuenrade , Sundern and Arnsberg . To the east, the urban area is bounded by the Hochsauerlandkreis. The traffic connections to Neuenrade and Werdohl lead to the west. The Hönne flows 13.2 km through the city.
City structure
The town of Balve is divided into the seven districts :
- the town center of Balve expanded by Helle
- Beckum including Geflügelhof Brinkmann and Wocklum
- Eisborn with Grübeck, Haustadt, Horst, Klusensteiner Mühle and Mailinde
- Garbeck with Frühlinghausen , Höveringhausen and Leveringhausen
- Langenholthausen with Benkamp, Kesberg and Dieken
- Mellen and Melscheder Mühle as well
- Volkringhausen , expanded to include binoles and Sanssouci .
Neighboring communities
| Iserlohn / Hemer | Menden | Arnsberg |
| Stephanopel / Altena |
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Sundern |
| Werdohl | Neuenrade | Allendorf |
history
Prehistory and early history
One of the largest dinosaur sites in Germany is located in Balve. Dinosaur teeth ( Iguanodon ), early mammalian bones, pieces of turtle shell were found. Local mineral collectors came across the remains of eight identified species of dinosaurs in 2002, all of which can be dated to the Cretaceous period . Scientists estimate the age of the bones that are now kept in the LWL Museum für Naturkunde in Münster to be 140 million years. The model of a triceratops borrowed from there is now in the Museum of Prehistory and Early History in Balve-Wocklum.
The oldest traces of human settlement from the area around Balves date from the Paleolithic . Already in the early Vistula Ice Age at the time of the Neanderthals, 100,000 to 40,000 years ago, groups of hunters who hunted large ice age mammals in the Hönnetal were camped in the Balver Cave . Therefore, the Balver cave is classified as a culture cave.
Even in the younger Palaeolithic the Balver Cave and other caves were Hönnetal how people ring Hauser cave before the glacial maximum of the Vistula ice age, about 35,000 to 30,000 years ago by groups of hunters of the Aurignacian and Gravettian consulted. Wild horses, woolly rhinos and reindeer were popular hunting destinations here. In fact, however, there is no archaeological evidence that mammoths were also hunted.
In the late Vistula Ice Age around 12,000 years ago, it was specialized reindeer hunters who set up camp in Balve. In the Holocene, Mesolithic hunters and gatherers inhabited the caves around Balve. They also set up camps on the river terraces of the Hönne. In the area around Balve, evidence of settlement in the Neolithic Age was found in caves and on the river terraces of the Hönne .
On the ridge "In den Gleiern" are the so-called Hünengräben , a prehistoric rampart that was dated to the Latène period of the 2nd and 1st centuries BC through archaeological excavations in 2007 and 2008 .
Settlement in the Roman Empire
Excavations of the Westphalian Museum of Archeology in Olpe in 1984-86 revealed a large building, several pit houses and post stores, three urn graves and traces of extensive ironwork in Balve-Garbeck (see also Laumann, H. (1987): Eine Germanische Siedlung des 1 Century AD in Balve-Garbeck. Der Märker 36, pp. 75–79). A total of ten "spindle whorls" made of lead were collected at various points, so that a textile manufacture was assumed here (according to current knowledge, this and the many other "spindle whorls" collected in the Westphalian region are likely to be leftover cast lead). The accompanying pottery allowed the dating to the first half of the 1st century AD. Ten small bars and castings were also discovered at the site. The cast remains suggest that the lead objects were cast on site.
The house, built at the highest point in the area of the courtyard above the Hönne, faced east-west and had a large hall 17 meters long and six meters wide, only a few posts could still be recognized with certainty. There are no traces of the entrances or the internal division. A typical object of the Garbeck excavation, which records the findings for the early 1st century, is the situla, a cup-like vessel.
middle Ages
The place Balve developed in the early Middle Ages from three courtyards (Oberhof near the church, Niederhof an der Hönne and Salhof / Selhof next to the cave). The Olle Borg near Wocklum probably does not come from the Carolingian, but from the Ottonian period.
Much speculation has been made about the place name "Balve", but no reliable information is available (for the history of its interpretation, see comments on place names in HH Hochkeppel & T. Schmitz 2007).
- The allegedly oldest written mention comes from Vita Liudgeri III, Book II, Chapter 31. According to legend, a blind girl from Balve ("de villa quae Ballova") was seen at the grave of Liudger in the crypt of the Werden monastery in 864 . The Latin word group is ambiguous. It is generally translated as "village called Balve", although back then there could not have been a village settlement in the present sense. In the 9th century, Saxons lived on individual courtyards.
- In 890, at the synod of Forchheim , Bishop Wigbert von Verden asked Emperor Arnulf to give him property from Ballava, among other things, which he had previously owned as a royal fief .
- Balve was mentioned in 946 as Ballova , in 980 as Ballava . The name changed via Ballevan (1010) and Baleve (1196) to Balve, the current name, which is first mentioned in 1348.
- The name "Ballova" is mentioned in the Icelandic manuscript A of the Thidreksaga . According to this legend, two “ dwarfs ” are said to have worked there as blacksmiths in a mountain with this name. The name of Siegfried's sword in the Nibelungen saga was "Balmunc" or "Balmung".
In 1202 an "Albertus de Balleve" was named in a document. 1329 is called the "Dorp te Balve".
In 1368, through the purchase of the County of Arnsberg by the Archbishops of Cologne, the place became part of the territorial existence of the Duchy of Westphalia for the next few centuries . The border location to the county of Mark played an important role for the further development . In 1430 Archbishop Dietrich von Moers granted the town city rights . Associated with this were market privileges , limited jurisdiction and, above all, extensive municipal autonomy. The document conferring city rights was lost a few years ago, but its text has been handed down through copies. As in other cities in the Duchy of Westphalia, citizens of the city of Balve had to take a “citizen's oath”. A document handed down from the 17th century testifies to this.
On September 24, 1480, Archbishop Hermann IV of Cologne confirmed the city's privileges. For the first time a mayor by name is recorded for 1482.
Modern times
Witch trials in Balve
A center of the witch hunt in the Duchy of Westphalia was Balve. There is evidence that between 1592 and 1666 several hundred people were convicted and murdered as wizards and witches. Almost 300 people were executed between 1628 and 1630 alone. This mass extermination was the work of a particularly fanatical witch hunter who worked mainly in the west and south-west of the duchy and killed more than 500 people. It was the licentiate Kaspar Reinhard (1596–1669) who spread so much fear and horror that he was assassinated in Balve in 1630 while he was having dinner with dignitaries of the city. He himself was only hurt; the clerk and a servant died. Three of the assassins were caught and executed.
The pyre burned on the Galgenberg above the Wachtloh. It is estimated that about every 20th inhabitant of the Balve district was executed for witchcraft . The names of many are known. Among them are Heinrich Balke zu Beckum, rent master at Melschede Castle, Jörg Schulte from Mellen, coachman and master builder for Drosten , who was killed three weeks after his wedding, and the wife of a mayor.
To commemorate the persecution of witches, the Balver Heimwacht had a so-called witch stele erected not far from the place where the victims were put to death. The text reads: "Here around 300 women and men from the Balver Land died in the witch madness in the 16th to 17th centuries from sword, fire and the gallows." The concrete stele is 2.50 meters high and is located on the Galgenberg. On June 24, 2015, the city council of Balve rehabilitated the victims of the witch trials.
City fires
Numerous city fires between 1584 and 1789 repeatedly destroyed large parts of the city. The type of construction (thatched roofs) and the close development of the houses within the fortress area contributed to the rapid spread of the fire. In the fire of 1789, 64 of 85 houses were destroyed. Then the city wall was removed and the houses rebuilt with larger gaps between them. The stones from the wall were used for the reconstruction. The city was expanded in the direction of Mühlenkamp, as the other areas contained gardens and meadows of good quality. The city map was designed by the surveyor Gipperich. It was stipulated that only two houses could be built directly next to each other, then there was a gap of 40 feet. A decade later, the wide and straight main road was laid through the center of the village.
Hauptstrasse 1890
Main street around 1900
Hauptstrasse 1903
In front of the post office
During the Seven Years' War , Balve was occupied for ten days by the French, who opened a field bakery and a butcher shop in the churchyard on June 24, 1761. For this purpose, the 2.5 m high churchyard wall was "broken from the ground", the pews were torn from the church, the flour magazine was moved into the church and numerous trees were felled.
From 1802 to 1816 Balve was part of the Landgraviate (later Grand Duchy) of Hessen-Darmstadt . In 1816 Balve came to Prussia. From 1819 to 1832 Balve belonged to the Iserlohn district , then until 1975 to the Arnsberg district .
20th century until today
From September 2nd to 4th 1922 the first meeting of the Sauerland Heimatbund took place in Balve . On this occasion, the Balver Höhle festival was launched. In 1930 the 500th anniversary of the city's existence (and, for historically no reason, a 1000th anniversary of the city's existence) was celebrated. From 1933 onwards, local associations and groups were subjected to the control of the National Socialist dictatorship, as elsewhere. The only fellow citizen of Jewish descent living in Balve was deported to Theresienstadt in 1943.
In the last years of the war, the armaments project Schwalbe I of the Organization Todt was run in the RWK quarries in the Hönnetal with at least 10,000 forced laborers and concentration camp prisoners, many hundreds of whom died.
In 1975, the old office of Balve was dissolved and largely incorporated into the expanded city of Balve. At the same time the city was transferred to the Märkisches Kreis.
On January 18 and 19, 2007, Balve was also hit by a natural disaster, hurricane Kyrill . The forests around Balve, especially the Balver Forest , were largely devastated. Hardly a tree was left standing, especially at high altitudes. People were not harmed in Balve. The appearance of the landscape around Balve has changed fundamentally as a result of the hurricane.
Religions
The Christianization took place at the time of Charlemagne on the mother parish Menden. Balve was a separate church of the above-mentioned Oberhof, which belonged to the Brünninghausen manor and thus had the church patronage. The oldest mention of the parish of Balve was made in 1196. In addition to Balve, it included the places Wocklum, Beckum, Langenholthausen, Mellen and Volkringhausen.
As in the vast majority of the former Sauerland region in Cologne, the majority of the population is of the Catholic denomination. Since 1945 there has been a significant shift in favor of other denominations and religions due to immigration. At the end of 2007, Balve had 8,165 Catholic and 2,473 Protestant residents. 1,803 belonged to another or no religious community. There is the DITIB Mimar Sinan Mosque .
The Catholic parishes of the city and the surrounding area are now organized in the “Balve-Hönnetal” pastoral network . This pastoral association was created through the merger of the pastoral associations “Balver Land” and “Oberes Hönnetal”. Specifically, there are the churches in the area of the city of Balve: St. Blasius (Balve), St. Nikolaus (Beckum), St. Antonius (Eisborn), St. Barbara (Mellen), St. Michael (Volkringhausen), Holy Three Kings (Garbeck), St. Johannes (Langenholthausen) and in the urban area of Neuenrade St. Georg (Küntrop), St. Lambertus (Affeln), St. Lucia (Altenaffeln) and St. Agatha (Blintrop). The head of the pastoral network is Pastor Andreas Schulte.
Other religious communities in Balve and the surrounding area:
- Evangelical parish of Balve: The church, the parish hall and the parish office of the evangelical parish are located at Hönnetalstraße 32 in Balve.
- New Apostolic Congregation: The church belonging to the Iserlohn district was located at Meller Straße 19.
- Free Church Congregation: The Christ Congregation is located in Helle 10
- Jehovah's Witnesses
Municipal reorganization in 1975
With the municipal reorganization , which came into force on January 1, 1975, the Balve office was dissolved. The villages Affeln , Altenaffeln and Blintrop were assigned to the city of Neuenrade without the consent of the population . The town of Balve, which was expanded to include the other villages of the office, became part of the newly founded Märkische Kreis , contrary to its "perceived belonging" to the former Electoral Cologne area and the town of Arnsberg. In view of the old ties to the Duchy of Westphalia and the former Arnsberg district, there was considerable, but ultimately unsuccessful, resistance from citizens.
Population development
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politics
Unless otherwise stated, the table contains the population including the municipalities. The numbers from 1650 to 1750 are estimated.
City council
The local elections on May 25, 2014 resulted in the following distribution of the 32 seats in the city council:
In 1961, the CDU lost the absolute majority it had held in the city council for the first time. Paul Stüeken, a member of the “Balver voter community” (BWG) from the “united opposition” made up of BWG and SPD, was elected mayor. In 1964 the CDU again achieved an absolute majority of 56%, but fell back to 47.3% in 1969 with the appearance of the largely new "BG". The election on May 4, 1975 again confirmed the strong position of the CDU, even after the municipal administrative reform. She received 57.6% and all direct electoral districts. The renewed SPD team received 26.1%. The losers were the civil communities, which had formed a unified BG before the election. You only got 16.3%. Since then, the CDU has held an absolute majority.
mayor
The office of mayor has existed since the city was raised in 1430. After the abolition of local self-government at the beginning of the 19th century, the mayor was initially a mayor. From the 20th century there are mayors again.
Unsalaried
- 1935–1945: Anton Romberg
- 1945–1946: Ernst Brüggemann
- 1946–1947: Wilhelm Hertin (CDU)
- 1947–1956: Hermann Hering (CDU)
- 1956–1958: Karl Streiter (CDU)
- 1958–1961: Josef Lenze (CDU)
- 1961–1964: Paul Stüeken (BWG)
- 1964–1975: Josef Lenze (CDU)
- 1975–1989: Paul Lübke (CDU)
- 1989–1992: Johannes Waltermann (CDU)
- 1992–1999: Franz Kolossa (CDU)
Full-time
- 1999-2004: Manfred Rotermund (CDU)
- since 2004: Hubertus Mühling (CDU)
Hubertus Mühling was directly elected in 2004, and was confirmed in office in 2009 and 2014 (2014 result: 76.06% of the votes; decrease compared to 2009 approx. 19 votes). The Independent Voting Association (UWG) under the parliamentary group chairmanship and mayoral candidate Lorenz Schnadt achieved an increase of 2 percent in 2015 with 27.8% of the vote. Under the local association chairman Thomas Vogtmann and parliamentary group chairman Cay Schmidt, the SPD increased by 3.1 percent with 14.3% of the vote. Deputy mayors are Alexander Schulte (CDU) and Sigrid Schmidt (SPD).
coat of arms
Blazon: split of silver (white) and blue, in front a half black continuous cross, behind a half silver eagle armed with gold (yellow).
The city thus combines the coats of arms of the county of Arnsberg (white eagle looking to the right on blue) and the Archdiocese of Cologne (black cross on white). The coat of arms thus gives expression to the city's history and was first awarded on June 24, 1911. The city's seals have shown the symbols for centuries: the oldest known seal is from 1462.
After the municipal reorganization in 1975, which was accompanied by a break in the historically grown structures of the former Arnsberg district and met with strong resistance, the local law had to be revised and the coat of arms also had to be re-approved. This happened on February 6, 1976 based on a draft by the chairman of the cultural committee of the city of Balve, Werner Ahrens. The historical proximity to the former Kurköln is evidenced by the coat of arms symbols , which clearly stand out from other city coats of arms in the Märkisches Kreis.
Town twinning
The city of Balve has had friendly relations with the Dutch municipality of Heerde since 1978, and with the former French municipality of Roussay (part of Sèvremoine since 2016 ) since 1985 as part of a town twinning . Delegations from the local authorities and associations visit each other regularly and exchange their experiences. A city friendship has existed with Bad Muskau for several years .
Urban development programs
Since 2015, great efforts have been made by the local authority to make the city center and the districts sustainable within the framework of funding programs. Example: Integrated action plan for downtown Balve. It goes u. a. It is about avoiding vacancies in buildings, apartments and shops in the city center, making the historic old town and the Hönne more tangible, better networking tourist destinations in and on the outskirts of the city center, making interaction between all road users - motorists, pedestrians and cyclists - more agreeable design etc. The existing parks (e.g. in Balve in the area of the parish church of St. Blasius, in the district of Mellen the Kneipp pedal system, in the district of Garbeck around the war memorial) will be significantly expanded and upgraded in the course of the measures. The first systems in the Volkringhausen and Eisborn districts will be completed in 2017.
Leader project "Bürgerregion am Sorpesee"
"Four cities, two districts, rivers, lakes, forests, mountains": Under this motto, the cities of Arnsberg, Balve, Neuenrade, Sundern (together 125,292 inhabitants) work together as part of a Leader project funded by the EU . The Sorpe landscape should be better anchored regionally and further developed for residents and visitors. The four localities are to be more closely linked via traffic routes, services and new offers. The aim of the concept is to improve the citizens' identification with the Sorpesee and the region through active participation in the development processes.
Culture and sights
Balve is primarily perceived as a cultural location through the various events in the Balver cave. While previously only the Balver Schützenfest was known locally as an event in the cave, today there are events almost every weekend in summer, some with a high national profile (e.g. DSDS, Fanta4 ). A significant part of the cultural work is carried out by the Festspiele Balver Höhle eV association , which has been presenting fairytale events for many years, especially in May and June. As the leaseholder of the Balver Höhle, the Schützenbruderschaft organizes other events on its own. In the past, the children's theater repeatedly brought up to 10,000 spectators, sometimes even further, to the Dome of the Rock.
Other current event locations with more local relevance are the auditorium of the school center at Krumpaul and the culture station in Binolen , which is supported by a development association. In addition, the parish halls and the rifle halls are always available for cultural events. Old cultural event locations for generations of balvers, which are no longer used today, were Haus Kohne, the large hall of the Allhoff inn and Habbels Saal in Langenholthausen .
Museums and galleries
Museum of Prehistory and Early History
In 2006, the new “ Museum of Prehistory ” was inaugurated in an outbuilding of the Luisenhütte , the so-called old carpenter's workshop . It contains the exhibits from the former Balve local history museum, which arose primarily from the "home collection" that was kept at Altena Castle and brought back to Balve in 1927. The museum was set up in a vacated classroom in the old town hall on Hauptstrasse and was headed by Balver Josef Pütter from 1927 to 1953. After the demolition of the old town hall, which was enforced against strong civil opposition, the exhibits were kept in the attic of the old elementary school and administered by the then rector Alfred Koch. After the primary school was demolished, they were temporarily exhibited in the new town hall.
The museum contains, among other things, the skeleton of a cave bear , a mammoth tooth from excavations in the area of the Balver cave and a human skull embedded in stalactite from the Karhof cave .
Village museum
The village museum in Mellen shows rural life through the ages.
music
The largest choral society is the male choir Balve. The "Mixed Voices Choir Balve" meets in the Protestant parish hall. There is also active singing in the other districts. Choirs that are not organized as an association also take an active part in the city's musical life. Interested parties can choose between children's and youth, women, men and mixed choirs.
The largest music association is the Balve music association. In the other districts, too, music is actively played in the association. These clubs also offer music education. The Beckum Music Association, which already works with wind classes at school, is taking a special path . Likewise the music association Amicita Garbeck with its music academy.
Buildings and cultural monuments
Historic cityscape
Balve has many historically valuable buildings. Regionally typical, lovingly restored half-timbered houses shape the cityscape. The almost square town complex was originally fortified with walls and ditches. It had towers at the four corners and two gates: the lower one (“water gate”) in the north, the upper one (“church gate”) in the south. After the fire of 1789, the reconstruction took place while straightening the road network. The city was expanded to the west ("Mühlenkamp") and east ("Schweinemarkt") beyond the fortifications that had already fallen into disrepair.
After the destruction of the 1950s to 1970s (demolition of the old town hall, the Bathe restaurant (“swamp”), the old Hönnebrücke etc.), a large part of the protected monuments could be saved through civic engagement (old vicarie, Drostenhaus , Alte Rechtsstrasse 9 and 10, "Haus Koch", most recently the sexton's house at the Catholic Church ).
Catholic parish church
The Romanesque part of the parish church of St. Blasius is one of the most important hall churches in Westphalia . Wall paintings from the 13th century were discovered in the apse of the old church in the 19th century. The tower is believed to have been built around 1480 ( radiocarbon dating by the University of Cologne).
Today's parish church consists of two parts, the so-called old church, facing west to east, and the neo-Romanesque extension from 1910, which was built under Dean Franz Amecke . The design of the extension with an octagonal dome was oriented to the north. The Aachen Cathedral can serve as a model here . The architect was Professor Joseph Buchkremer , master builder from Aachen .
There is an epitaph of Herrmann von Hatzfeldt in the St. Blasius parish church .
Drostenhaus
The Drostenhaus was planned by the state drosten Hermann von Hatzfeld , but could only be realized after his death in 1600. According to the old field names, it is assumed that in the 8th / 10th In the 18th century the so-called Niederhof was located here, from which - in addition to the "Oberhof" around the parish church - Balve was settled.
Today the house houses a massage practice as well as the rehearsal rooms of the Balver men's choir.
During Advent, the Balver Christmas market with a nativity play takes place there on a weekend.
Wocklum Castle
Wocklum Castle in the Orlebachtal, a moated castle in the hamlet of Wocklum, is internationally known today for its riding facility, which goes back to a fiefdom of Bernd von Düngelen . Originally it is a Saxon main courtyard, which was transformed into a noble knight's seat in the early Middle Ages. In 1659 the Lords of Bockenförde acquired the Wocklum property. In the same year, Daniel Dietrich von Landsberg zu Erwitte passed the property into the hands of the von Landsberg family . The Balve Optimum horse show and the “Landpartie” exhibition are held there every year .
Together with the Luisenhütte, the listed transformer house from 1913 on Höhlenkopp and the Balver Höhle , this complex offers a unique natural and landscape ensemble of great cultural and industrial historical importance.
Old post and telegraph office
The old post and telegraph office was an evenly proportioned half-timbered building with a typical local hip roof. It represented an important element in the ensemble of the upper main street (see the historical illustration). When the majority of the original structure was placed under protection after 1984 (buildings that were erected on the greatly widened main street after the great city fire in 1789), it was classified as insufficiently worthy of protection. Thus, no approval from the monument office had to be obtained for the demolition in 2011. The resulting vacant lot is now to be filled with a small park as part of the downtown action plan.
Natural monuments
A natural monument that is best known beyond the borders of the region is the Balver Cave , which can accommodate up to 2000 people. It is archaeologically significant as a cultural cave. Shooting festivals and other events have been held here for over 160 years .
In the Hönnetal there are many other caves, the Reckenhöhle , an accessible stalactite cave in the hamlet of Binolen.
Nature and monument protection
Significant natural and cultural monuments of the city of Balve could be preserved through citizenship and resistance to demolition and reorganization plans and are today under monument or nature protection: The rock formations of the Hönnetal , the Balver cave , the hermitage by the cave, the old vicariate (" Altentagesstätte ”), houses in the old court street (Old Court, Tanner House), House Willmes, House Liese, the Drostenhaus, and finally the sexton's house at the church. The townscape could not be saved from demolition such as the old town hall, the Bathe inn (“swamp”), the old Balver elementary school and the characteristic Hönnebrücke at the entrance to the main street.
As a result, various private and public initiatives and contributions to the protection of monuments and the preservation of the cityscape were made. The achievements of the city of Balve, the Märkisches Kreis and the parish of St. Blasius are exemplary. Examples: The restoration of the old pastorate, the “mausoleum”, the “old girls' school”, the Agatha wayside shrine, the Hoffmeister-Pröpper fountain and other important historical objects. The restoration and preservation of many of these objects was only possible with the help of private donations to a considerable extent (most recent examples: the restoration of the Hoffmeister-Pröpper fountain and the rescue of the Agatha wayside shrine by the Heimwacht). The church tower of the parish church was completely restored in 2010 and secured from decay.
Individual trees ( solitary plants ) are not protected in Balve. The 200-year-old linden tree on the church square (next to the Agatha wayside shrine) was felled on July 2, 2006 because of the alleged risk of wind breakage. Further felling on the church square followed (quote in the press: "Maybe it is the Germanic blood in our veins, because our ancestors recognized the seat of their deities in certain trees. Romanticism took this courageously and brought everything into a soulful world") .
The following areas are under nature protection in the area of the city of Balve:
| Bollenberg | MK-017 |
| Buchenwald am Löhen south of Eisborn | MK-036 |
| Castle hill Wocklum east of Balve | MK-038 |
| Middle Hönnetal | MK-021 |
| Orlebachtal east of Wocklum | MK-037 |
Regular events
- Schützenfest (annual). The Balver are in the Kreisschützenbund Arnsberg e. V. organized
- Christmas market with nativity play on the second Sunday of Advent (annually)
- City festival (every two years)
- International horse show Balve Optimum
- Balver fairytale weeks
Balve used to have four market days: The Agatha Market, the Midsummer Market, the Michaelmas Market and the Andreas Market. The closest towns with a weekly market are Menden and Sundern .
Culinary specialties
Balve was known for his beer, the Balver Lüll , and his pretzels (also called Krengel ).
Balve also had its own dairy , whose quark production had a good reputation. The dairy building was built around 1900 and spanned the Hönne. The 60-year tradition ended with the merger with the Iserlohn dairy in 1966. The Sparkasse moved into the building.
Today pretzels are given away to visitors at the opening of the city festival, which takes place every two years, with a view to the traditional baked goods. The famous Balver Lüll is no longer produced. The name was last used by the Iserlohner Brewery .
dialect
As can be observed elsewhere, the local dialect (the “ Platt kuiern ” ) is hardly spoken any more. In Balve, the Balver Heimwacht, as a local homeland association, has set itself the task of counteracting this development. Balve has always belonged to the Low German- speaking area and active citizens take care of passing on this tradition. The children at the local primary schools are regularly instructed by members of the Balver Heimwacht - here the Balver Albin Köck was particularly prominent - in the care of the Balver Platt Duitz .
Tourism and home culture
Due to its proximity to the Ruhr area, day and weekend tourism is primarily typical for the Balver Land. Due to the close networking of the cities on the "Hönne-Schiene", the active involvement in the advertising structures of the Märkischer Kreis and Sauerland tourism, as well as the considerable efforts of the accommodation facilities themselves, the number of overnight stays has increased significantly in recent years (current example : Presence of Balve at outdoor active ). Balve benefits in particular from its location in the transition from the Märkisches Sauerland to the Hochsauerland. The Balver Land receives positive ratings as a tourist region and is also considered successful in comparison with other municipalities in the Märkisches Kreis.
At the local level, the city's tourism officer is responsible for tourism issues (currently Jürgen Meller). Its tasks are to improve the offers, for example by classifying accommodation, working out hiking routes and integrating them into national advertising structures.
Maintaining the “home culture” is a matter of concern to various associations. Particularly prominent here are the Balver Heimwacht and the local rifle brotherhoods. The Heimwacht is one of the oldest homeland associations in the Sauerland and a co-founder of the Sauerland Heimatbund . The founders of the Balver Höhle Festival were concerned with maintaining culture with supra-regional and international standards (“Art knows no borders, art brings peoples together”).
The tourist office Balve e. V. is committed to promoting tourism in the Balver Land, preserving and beautifying the townscape, increasing the recreational value and creating and maintaining facilities for the recreation of guests and residents in accordance with its statutory objectives. The club follows the tradition of the Balver Beautification Society from 1912.
Sokola.de - Our house for everyone
Sokola.de is located in the center of the village of Langenholthausen . Due to its central location, the former primary school offers the ideal conditions to give village life a new foundation. Conceived as a multigenerational house, Sokola.de would like to bring the clubs and people from Langenholthausen and the surrounding area together under the motto "our house for everyone".
With the start of the village development project “Balve and its Villages 2030” in 2013, residents and associations of Langenholthausen decided on a reuse concept in order to preserve the center of the village. This resulted in u. a. the idea of the village community center, where young and old meet at various events and fill the village center with life. The project was included in the 2013 Regionale project list and received professional support as one of four funded projects, including from the South Westphalia Agency and the Arnsberg District Government . Public funds amounting to 1 million euros have been approved. The license agreement has a term of 20 years. The Sokola.de association currently has 250 members.
Sports
Balve has a popular indoor pool, the "Murmkebad". Sports that can be practiced on site include tennis, table tennis, badminton, volleyball, swimming, and horse riding.
A tournament with high charisma, the "Balve Optimum", takes place regularly in June at Schloss Wocklum with high-level events in dressage and show jumping. The city owes this event, which is very popular in equestrian circles - the permanent venue for the German championships until 2020 - to the commitment of Count Dieter Landsberg-Velen, who was the long-standing president of the German Equestrian Association (FN).
Segway polo has been played in Balve since 2010 . In 2011, the Balver Mammuts won the European Championship. In 2012 the German champions and world championship titles were added.
Economy and Infrastructure
Industrial history
Economic activities of the landed gentry
Under the initial spark of the Baroness Maria-Theresia von Landsberg, b. von der Reck, various economic activities have been developed in the hamlet of Wocklum since 1730, especially in the mining industry and iron smelting. The Luisenhütte , owned by the Count von Landsberg-Velen family, one of the oldest charcoal blast furnace plants in Germany, started operations in 1758. The ironworks soon had to close due to competition from the Siegerland . The Luisenhütte is a remarkable testimony to early industrialization and today, as an industrial monument, it is a showpiece of the Märkischer Kreis.
In the 19th century, under Johann Ignaz von Landsberg-Velen, activities in the chemical industry were added from 1822 (the year the Wocklum chemical factory was founded). In the rooms of the castle and other production facilities in the "Freiherrlichen von Landsberg-Velenschen chemical factory in Wocklum", wood acid and later sulfuric acid were processed in so-called "distillation rooms", sometimes also in the basement of the chapel extension. Wocklum thus became a pioneer location for the chemical industry in Germany, with at times 38 different products, including hydrochloric acid. The chemical industry continues to exist as an important economic factor in Balve under the name “Chemie Wocklum”.
Mills
There were four historical mills in the Balver city area : the Gransauer, Wocklumer, Klusensteiner and the Melscheder mill. The Gransauer Mühle has been owned by the Stüeken family since 1850. It was built around 1420 as a " Bannmühle " by order of the Archbishop of Cologne, Dietrich II. Von Moers . In 1901 it was converted into a power plant that generated direct current . Balve was one of the first cities in the province of Westphalia to have electricity. The first street lamp, however, was erected as early as 1827. After deaths due to unsecured lines, production was stopped in 1960. It has been in operation again since 1996. The turbine from 1901 with 15 kW is still in use.
Breweries
In Balve there was a brisk production of brandy. Around 1830 there were supposedly three wine bars, 13 brandy bars and ten inns in Balve. In 1865 a brewery was founded in Balve, which has been run by Hermann Krüdewagen since 1886. Bernhard Krüdewagen took over the company in 1908.
Brickworks and lime works
Production of fire bricks since 1880. Around 1903 construction of a “zigzag oven”. Demolished in 1908, construction of a new coal-fired ring furnace . Procurement of the coal initially with horse-drawn vehicles, later with the new honing metal line. 1923 re-commissioning of the lime kiln . The brick factory was closed in 1973 in the wake of the oil crisis . The chimney of the Allhoff brickworks, which defines the image of the Hönnetalstrasse, and the dilapidated remains of the old lime works were demolished a few years ago.
Industry, craft, services
Designated industrial areas are the "Glärbach" industrial area in the Balve district and the "Braukhaussiepen" ("Braukessiepen") and "Rötloh" industrial areas in the Garbeck district. There are companies in the mechanical engineering and tool construction, chemical and handicraft industries.
Balve has an employment rate of 95 percent and is located in South Westphalia, one of the strongest industrial regions in Germany.
The largest local companies include Balver Zinn, Chemie Wocklum, Rickmeier and Paul Müller.
In the "Stadtmarketing Balve GmbH & Co. KG", whose business premises can be found in the local savings bank, representatives of the local economy have organized themselves (management: Stephanie Kissmer). The most visible signs of their activity in the cityscape are the "Balver Mammoths".
As an association of specialist dealers, Balver Fachhandel represents the interests of the retail trade. He has been organizing events such as the Balver Christmas market for years.
Together with the neighboring towns of Hemer , Iserlohn and Menden, Balve forms the “Nördlicher Märkischer Kreis” (Northern District) economic area, a municipal association for better coordination of economic affairs in the region. On the business side of the region, the Verein Wirtschaftsinitiative Nordkreis e. V. (WIN) founded a "municipal network" of the four cities of Balve, Hemer, Iserlohn and Menden.
traffic
Balve is conveniently located on federal highways 229 and 515 . There is a small airfield in Küntrop , the closest airport is Dortmund Airport .
In terms of local public transport, Balve is connected to the Hönnetalbahn, which has existed since April 1, 1912, and is connected to Menden (Sauerland), Fröndenberg / Ruhr and Unna to the north and to Neuenrade to the south. The neighboring stations around Balve are Sanssouci (towards Menden) and Garbeck (towards Neuenrade).
Bus traffic today is mainly carried out by the Märkische Verkehrsgesellschaft (MVG) and the Busverkehr Ruhr-Sieg (BRS) as well as the Balve citizen bus .
media
Two newspapers publish local sections: Westfalenpost and Süderländer Volksfreund .
Free advertising papers with editorial parts are the Stadtspiegel , the Bote and the Hönne-Express. This has extensive editorial sections and is now the successor to the Hönne newspaper .
For many decades, the Hönnezeitung was the main press medium for the city of Balve and the surrounding communities as a “publicity and business gazette for the cities of Balve and Neuenrade”. It was first published by the Zimmermann printing company in 1928 and had the motto on the front page: "No party, only committed to the common good".
The local radio for North Rhine-Westphalia is carried out in Balve by Radio MK , which is assigned the broadcasting location No. 70, frequency 94.6, by the State Agency for Media.
Public facilities
Authorities
The town hall is located at Widukindplatz 1. There is the citizen's office and branch offices of the Märkischer Kreis such as the youth welfare office .
Healthcare
- Doctors' offices: In Balve there are 5 general practitioners working in 3 practices. A gynecologist and an ophthalmologist are also established in their own practice. In addition, 7 dentists work in 5 practices. The supply of medication is guaranteed by 2 pharmacies.
- Hospital: A hospital was operated by the Catholic Hospital Association in the Märkisches Kreis until 2012 . In January 2012 it was announced that the hospital would be closed for economic reasons. Clinic operations were officially closed on May 15, 2012.
- Health campus Sauerland St. Marien-Balve : Has been located in the building of the former hospital in Balve with the Medical Care Center (MVZ) St. Damian and specialist doctors since 2013
The rescue service is provided by an ambulance manned 24 hours a day in the district. The city association of the Malteser Hilfsdienst offers a meal service in cooperation with volunteer drivers.
education
The school system allows the middle school to be the highest qualification .
- Schools: The local primary school in the city center is the St. Johannes Balve Community Primary School . There are other primary schools in the districts of Garbeck and Beckum. There is also the municipal secondary school (all-day school) and the municipal secondary school in Balve , which received the individual funding seal of approval from the state government in 2007.
- Kindergartens: For children of preschool age there are denominational kindergartens of the Catholic and Protestant parishes in Balve. A pre-kindergarten is offered for a fee for children aged two and over. In the Langenholthausen district of Balver there is also a kindergarten sponsored by the DRK . There are other kindergartens in Garbeck , among others .
- Supplementary schools : There is a private music school in Balve for music education. Dance lessons were offered by a private dance studio until last year. A private initiative offers jazz dance for children on the premises of the Catholic parish . The nearest city music schools are in Menden , Werdohl or Iserlohn .
- Other facilities: Balve has a municipal library that is actively supported by a support association. The library also occasionally offers cabaret for children.
Personalities
Honorary citizen
- Franz Amecke (1861–1933), Dean
- Wilhelm Boeddicker, Dean
- Josef Pütter (1890–1982), local history researcher
- Theodor Pröpper (1896–1979), church music director
- Dieter Graf Landsberg-Velen (1925–2012), Vice President of the NOK ( National Olympic Committee ), Honorary President of the Malteser Aid Service Germany and the German Equestrian Association
sons and daughters of the town
- Franz Cramer (1740–1796), Benedictine, professor in Bonn
- Hermann Schüler (1840–1926), councilor of commerce, Jewish merchant, founded the Hermann Schüler bank in Bochum in 1872. It is not certain whether Hermann Schüler was granted honorary citizenship of the city of Balve.
- Franz Anton Höynck (1842–1920), clergyman and regional historian
- Josef Grendel SVD (1878–1951), theologian, 4th general superior of the Steyler missionaries
- Theodor Pröpper (1896–1979), composer, church musician and local poet
- Hugo Eickhoff (1905–1972), ear, nose and throat specialist and university professor
- Franz Lenze (1910–2005), politician (CDU), Member of the Bundestag from 1953 to 1972
- Friedrich Sommer (1912–1998), mathematician, professor in Bochum
- Christa Biederbick (* 1940), artist
- Werner Post (1940–2018), Roman Catholic theologian and philosopher
- Thomas Pröpper (1941–2015), Catholic dogmatist and fundamental theologian
- Harald Polenz (* 1949), author and journalist
- Franz-Georg Rips (* 1949), President of the German Tenants' Association
- Kathrin Heinrichs (* 1970), author and cabaret artist
- Tobi Schäfer (* 1980), radio host at 1 Live
- Kimberly Drewniok (born 1997), volleyball player
Personalities who have worked on site
- 1922, Franz Hoffmeister (1898–1943), vicar and founder of the Sauerland Heimatbund
- 1949–1998, Hermann Wedekind (1910–1998), honorary president and longstanding artistic director of the Balver Höhle Festival
literature
- Elisabeth Allhoff: The territorial relations of the Archbishops of Cologne to their Cologne-Westphalia sovereign territory up to the award of the Duchy in 1180. A contribution to the history of the regional rule of the Archbishops of Cologne in the Duchy of Westphalia . Cologne 1924.
- Rainer Decker : The witch hunts in the Duchy of Westphalia . In: Association for the history and antiquity of Westphalia (Hrsg.): Westfälische Zeitschrift . tape 131/132, 1981/1982 , pp. 339–386 (on witch trials in Balve, among others).
- Working group on Romania aid of the Kolping Family Balve (ed.): Stories from the old days. Balve 1995.
- Theo Bönemann: Balve . In: Heinz Heineberg (Ed.): The Märkische Kreis (= cities and communities in Westphalia . Volume 10 ). Aschendorff, Münster 2005, ISBN 3-402-06274-7 .
- Harald Polenz: Unearthed History. Searching for archaeological traces in the Hönnetal . Klartext Verlag, Essen 2005, ISBN 3-89861-403-4 .
- Werner Ahrens: Balve and his Romanesque legacy . Heimwacht Balve, Balve 2006, ISBN 3-89053-109-1 .
- Ute Glasmacher: Who shoots the bird - The shooting festival in a Sauerland community . Logos Verlag, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-8325-1414-7 .
- Harald Polenz: On the history of the former office and the city of Balve. Balve 1980
Web links
Wikinews: Category: Balve - in the news- Thomas Lindemann: Selected bibliography Balve
- Sources of local history and personal history on the history of the town of Balve
- Balve in the Westphalia Culture Atlas
Individual evidence
- ↑ Population of the municipalities of North Rhine-Westphalia on December 31, 2019 - update of the population based on the census of May 9, 2011. State Office for Information and Technology North Rhine-Westphalia (IT.NRW), accessed on June 17, 2020 . ( Help on this )
- ↑ a b main statute of the city
- ^ Dinosaur cemetery in Balve
- ^ Museum of Prehistory and Early History in the former hammer hammer of the Luisenhütte in Balve-Wocklum
- ↑ Triceratops model in the Museum of Prehistory and Early History in Balve-Wocklum
- ^ Eva Cichy: The Iron Age fortification "In den Gleiern" near Balve. Archeology in Westphalia-Lippe 2010 (Langenweißbach 2011) 72–75.
- ↑ The Märker. Regional history journal for the area of the former Grafschaft Mark and the Märkische Kreis
- ↑ Michael Bode 2008. Archaeometallurgical investigations into lead / silver extraction in Germania during the early Roman Empire
- ↑ HH Hochkeppel & T. Schmitz 2007. Comments on the place name Balve
- ↑ Harald Polenz: On the history of the former office and the city of Balve. Balve 1980, p. 94.
- ↑ Höynck in Blätter for a closer look at Westphalia , 20th year, 1882, p. 4
- ↑ Heinz Ritter-Schaumburg : The Nibelungs moved northwards. 2nd Edition. Reichl-Verlag Der Leuchter, St. Goar 2002, ISBN 3-87667-129-9 , note 14, p. 246.
- ^ Heinz Ritter-Schaumburg: The Didriks Chronicle or the Svava. Der Leuchter / Otto Reichl Verlag, St. Goar 1989, Chapter 56.
- ↑ Westphalian Document Book VII
- ↑ Ludorff, p. 45
- ^ Carl Haase: The emergence of the Westphalian cities. 4th edition, Münster 1984, p. 146.
- ↑ Seibertz: Document book for the regional and legal history of Westphalia, Vol. III, No. 928, pp. 55–56.
- ↑ “We NNN pledge and swear an éidt to God and holy his bodies, that we live and die in accordance with God's fruity catholic religion, our good churf. and gentlemen a (?) high thumb Capitull zu Collen as the right heir, also Bmr. And advice that this instead of Balue want to really value and be obedient, to keep your laws, obedient, god and forbidden order, to demand your pious honor and benefit, to turn and turn your damage according to our best understood and able to be bound, whether it would be disastrous, rather than to give such an honest advice. Even when there were often arguments and errors with our fellow citizens, not to look for a foreign, serene place of law according to custom and usage, first of all to complain to mayors and councilors (?) And to have a number of (?) Ailments decided upon. Also not to seek and accept other patrons alß ?? Churf. and a high Thumb Capitull as well as mayor and Rath here himself. Not to under-sell our fellow citizens, less (?) To under-obey (?) His servants, it then happens with his will. After all, nothing else to act, do and create than alone what a pious burger is entitled to and due. So surely God and his holy gospel help us. This äidt, extracted by Theodoro Schultz in the previous protocollo sub dato ... bris 1644, must be held up to everyone who ... manages to be vehemently desired ... forma presented " .
- ↑ Heinrich Gottfried Gengler (ed.): Codex Juris Municipalis Germaniae, Medii Aevi, Regesta and documents on the historical and legal history of German cities in the Middle Ages, Volume 1. Verlag Ferdinand Enke, Erlangen 1863, pp. 105-106.
- ↑ Manfred Wolf: The documents of the Oelinghausen monastery - Regesten. Fredeburg 1992, p. 272, No. 749: Hannes Bruggeman.
- ↑ Names of the victims of the witch trials / witch persecution in Balve (PDF; 87 kB), accessed on May 9, 2016.
- ↑ Rainer Decker: The witch hunt in the Duchy of Westphalia. In: Alfred Bruns (editor): Witches - jurisdiction in the Sauerland region of Cologne. Fredeburg 1984, pp. 189-218.
- ↑ Werner Ahrens: A visible sign was set for a dark chapter in the history of Balver. In: Zeitschrift des Sauerländer Heimatbund, issue No. 3, September 2006, p. 146 (PDF; 7.0 MB)
- ↑ ris.balve.de
- ^ Franz Anton Höynck: Central-Volksblatt No. 89 of 1886.
- ^ Hans Menne: Contributions to the cultural history of the parish Balve. In: Balve - Buch vom Werden und sein der Stadt, p. 228 ff. According to this, 42 large ovens were built, each oven with three chimneys. During this time, the service took place in the mausoleum, the so-called "Wocklumer House". The French occupation took part. It had a "special effect" on the Balver when the whole French regiment sang the Veni creator spiritus .
- ↑ Terror underground. Forgotten Nazi tunnel system
- ^ Albert Hömberg: Ecclesiastical and secular state organization (parish system and court system) in the original parish areas of southern Westphalia. Münster 1967, p. 42.
- ^ A. Ludorff: The architectural and art monuments of the Arnsberg district. Münster 1906, p. 45.
- ↑ City of Balve: Figures and data (accessed March 23, 2008 - data status December 31, 2007) ( Memento from December 26, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Church newspaper Der Dom ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ See NAK maps for Balve
- ↑ See the Christ Congregation website
- ↑ a b c Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 331 .
- ↑ a b c d e On the history of the city and the office of Balve. In: balve-online.de
- ↑ Martin Bünermann, Heinz Köstering: The communities and districts after the municipal territorial reform in North Rhine-Westphalia . Deutscher Gemeindeverlag, Cologne 1975, ISBN 3-555-30092-X , p. 133 .
- ↑ a b c d e f State Office for Data Processing and Statistics North Rhine-Westphalia: Municipal profile Balve (as of July 9, 2008) (PDF; 220 kB)
- ↑ State Office for Data Processing and Statistics : Municipalities of North Rhine-Westphalia , 2005 edition
- ^ A b State Office for Data Processing and Statistics North Rhine-Westphalia
- ↑ State Office for Data Processing and Statistics North Rhine-Westphalia ( Memento from December 16, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ 2014 election results
- ^ Election result 2009
- ^ City of Balve: Numbers and dates
- ↑ Wahlen.citkomm.de
- ^ Theo Schmitz: 50 years of local politics in the city and in the office of Balve. In: balve-online.de
- ↑ Balve is black - The CDU in rural areas. In: Taz.de
- ↑ Results of the 2014 local elections in Balve. In: Westfalenpost. May 26, 2014, accessed July 28, 2020 .
- ↑ Integrated action plan of the city of Balve
- ↑ DSDS - event show in the Balver cave. In: wa.de
- ↑ Die Fantastischen Vier - Geboren (MTV Unplugged II.) 2012 , youtube.com
- ↑ Program of the Balver Höhle Festival , accessed on January 2, 2017
- ↑ 9500 visitors to Robin Hood in the cave - This and that ... Karst group Mühlbach Forum
- ↑ Balver Höhlenkopp tower station. Retrieved March 2, 2017 .
- ↑ Quote from Dr. Judge in the issue of the Westfalenpost from July 3, 2006
- ↑ Common platform of the four Hönnetalstädte. In: Hoennetal.de
- ^ Accommodation in the Balver Land. In: balverland.de
- ↑ More and more tourists in Balve. In: Westfalenpost , December 20, 2016, accessed on January 2, 2017
- ↑ Balve at Outdoor Active
- ↑ Classification by the DTV. In: derwesten.de
- ^ Statutes of the Balve eV traffic association
- ↑ Sokola.de
- ↑ Events Sokola.de
- ^ Balve Optimum
- ↑ Schloss Wocklum - Stories of the nobility, industry and sport. RJ Günther 2016. ISBN 978-3-00-054761-4
- ↑ Theo Bönemann: The Luisenhütte in Balve.
- ↑ Luisenhütte industrial monument in Balve Wocklum. In: maerkischer-kreis.de
- ↑ Brauerei Bernhard Krüdewagen Balve ( Memento of 12 December 2007 at the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Confident in the niche and in South Westphalia. Retrieved February 9, 2018 .
- ↑ Mammoth Parade - Balver Mammoths
- ↑ Wirtschaftsinitiative Nordkreis e. V
- ^ Süderländer Volksfreund: Opening of the Hönnetalbahn on December 1, 2012
- ^ André Joost: Route archive 2853 - Menden - Neuenrade. In: NRWbahnarchiv. Retrieved June 25, 2017 .
- ↑ St. Marien Hospital Balve is doomed. In: derwesten.de. Retrieved June 5, 2013 .
- ^ Family history of Paul and Clothilde Schüler with obituary notice and tombstone Hermann Schüler. Retrieved January 19, 2014.
- ↑ Hubert Schneider: The "de-Judaization" of living space - "Jewish houses" in Bochum. ISBN 978-3-643-10828-9 , p. 338 with footnote no.199.Retrieved January 18, 2014.
- ^ City of Balve: honorary citizen . ( Memento of February 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Retrieved January 19, 2014.
Altena | Balve | Halver | Hemer | Herscheid | Iserlohn | Kierspe | Lüdenscheid | Meinerzhagen | Menden (Sauerland) | Nachrodt-Wiblingwerde | Neuenrade | Plettenberg | Schalksmühle | Werdohl