Deconstructivism (architecture)

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Deconstructivism is an architectural style that claims to replace postmodernism . Based on Jacques Derrida's deconstruction , the structure and form of architecture are to be subjected to simultaneous destruction and renewed construction .

Development and creation

The concept of deconstructivism as a movement in architecture did not begin with the 1988 exhibition “Deconstructivist Architecture” at the Museum of Modern Art in New York , which was staged by Philip Johnson , Heiko Herden and Mark Wigley , and which showed works by seven architects were: Frank Gehry , Daniel Libeskind , Rem Koolhaas , Peter Eisenman , Zaha Hadid , Coop Himmelb (l) au and Bernard Tschumi . The development towards this style began about 10 years earlier with Frank Gehry's house in Santa Monica, which is considered the first deconstructivist building.

In architecture , it was (and is) always about the organization of the function-guaranteeing, aesthetic-determining and tectonically-defined relationship between supports and loads. As a consequence, it was not uncommon for buildings to be constructed using simple geometric bodies ( cubes , cylinders , spheres , pyramids , cones , etc.). Deviations from the values ​​of harmony, unity and stability were removed from the structure and treated as ornament . At the beginning of the 20th century, the Russian avant-garde broke with the classical rules of composition and used pure shapes to create crooked geometric compositions. Vladimir Tatlin and the Wesnin brothers tried to transfer this to architecture as well, but kept returning to stable forms in the final design stage. This is where deconstructive architecture comes in. She wants to reveal the structure, break it open and reveal its instability. For this reason, the term deconstructivism was chosen unhappily, because it is not about the de-construction of architecture, but about making clear the a-tectonic moment of these buildings.

A deconstructive architect is therefore not someone who dismantles buildings, but someone who locates the problems inherent in buildings. The deconstructive architect treats the pure forms of the architectural tradition like a psychiatrist treats his patients - he determines the symptoms of a repressed impurity. This impurity is brought to the surface through a combination of gentle flattery and violent torture: the form is interrogated. "

- Mark Wigley in: Johnson 1988 - p. 11

Jacques Derrida and Peter Eisenman worked together for a while on various projects and engaged in a dialogue that ultimately broke up in a major dispute (the dispute, documented in the form of an exchange of letters, can be found in: Eisenman 1995). Today, apart from the identity of names and a rather superficial similarity in practice, there is no real connection between deconstruction in philosophy and literary studies and deconstructivism in architecture.

Exemplary buildings

gallery

literature

  • Ernst Seidl: Destruction phenomena in architecture: atectonics instead of deconstruction . In: Bettina Paust (ed.): Build - Destroy. Phenomena and processes of art ( Moyländer discourses on art and science 1). Athena-Verlag, Oberhausen 2007, ISBN 978-3-89896-275-9 , pp. 57-68.
  • Daniel Libeskind et al: Is it all art? How do people work in the new millennium and what do they do in the rest of the time? . Edited by Stefanie Carp . Rowohlt, Reinbek near Hamburg 2001, ISBN 3-498-01319-X .
  • Peter Eisenman : Aura and excess. To overcome metaphysics in architecture. Edited by Ullrich Schwarz. Passagen, Vienna 1995, ISBN 3-85165-165-0 , ( Passages Architecture ).
  • Mark Wigley: Architecture and Deconstruction. Derrida's Phantom. Birkhäuser, Basel 1994, ISBN 3-7643-5036-9 , ( Birkhäuser-Architektur-Bibliothek ).
  • Alois Martin Müller (ed.): Daniel Libeskind. Radix matrix. Architectures and Fonts. Prestel, Munich et al. 1994, ISBN 3-7913-1341-X .
  • Andreas C. Papadakis: Deconstructivism - an anthology. Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 1989, ISBN 3-608-76290-6 .
  • Philip Johnson , Mark Wigley: Deconstructivist Architecture. Hatje, Stuttgart 1988, ISBN 3-7757-0270-9 .
  • Simone Kraft: Deconstructivism in Architecture ?. An analysis of the exhibition "Deconstructivist Architecture" at the New York Museum of Modern Art in 1988 . transcript Verlag, Bielefeld 2015, ISBN 978-3-8376-3029-9 .

Web links

Commons : Deconstructivism  - collection of images, videos and audio files

swell

  1. Seidl, p. 68.
  2. See Wigley 1994.
  3. Architecture initiative