Hohenlimburg

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Hohenlimburg
City of Hagen
Hohenlimburg coat of arms
Coordinates: 51 ° 21 ′ 4 "  N , 7 ° 34 ′ 2"  E
Height : 124–378 m above sea level NHN
Area : 37 km²
Residents : 29,245  (2013)
Population density : 790 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : 1st January 1975
Postcodes : 58119, 58093
Area code : 02334
Hohenlimburg (North Rhine-Westphalia)
Hohenlimburg

Location of Hohenlimburg in North Rhine-Westphalia
View of Hohenlimburg
View of Hohenlimburg
City on the Lenne
Lohmannstrasse in the city center

Hohenlimburg is a district of the independent city ​​of Hagen on the threshold from the eastern Ruhr area to the Sauerland , a former city of the Iserlohn district, which was dissolved in 1975, and the former residence of the County of Limburg, which was dissolved in 1808 and 1817 . In 2013 Hohenlimburg had 29,245 inhabitants.

The former city of Hohenlimburg and the former county of Limburg can look back on a particularly rich, diverse and ancient history. Hohenlimburg is known nationwide for its castle , for the cold rolling industry that developed there and for important archaeological finds that have been made in the Lennetal since the 19th century.

With "Hohenlimburg" is usually meant the "statistical district" of Hagens with the same name, since the "Hohenlimburg district" officially only includes the city center. The districts of Elsey , Hohenlimburg (inner city), Holthausen , Wesselbach, Oege, Nahmer, Reh and Henkhausen belong to the statistical district of Hohenlimburg . Together with the statistical district of Lennetal (Berchum, Halden and Herbeck ), this forms the Hagen district of Hohenlimburg.

Geology and nature

There are large deposits of mass limestone from the Devonian in the vicinity of Hohenlimburg . Lime beech forests grow on it with stocks of woodruff and orchids, which have been designated as nature reserves, such as. B. the nature reserve Steltenberg .

In addition to the limestone cliffs with crevice vegetation, there are several old karst cave relics, including the megalithic gate, from which important archaeological finds are known. This leads to conflicts of interest with the Rheinkalk company and its branch in Hagen-Halden, which mines limestone and especially dolomite .

In quarries and outcrops in and around Hohenlimburg, some rare fossils from the Paleozoic , especially from the central Devonian , are discovered. Important paleontological and geological finds from Hohenlimburg and the surrounding area are exhibited in the Werdringen moated castle .

history

Prehistory and early history

Hohenlimburg an der Lenne with the Schlossberg around 1915

The former urban area of ​​Hohenlimburg in the Lennetal was inhabited by people from an early age, probably already at the time of the Neanderthals , as individual stone tools suggest.

In caves, such as in the Oeger Höhle, below the Raffenburg and at the legendary Hünenpforte (not in Hohenlimburg, but in Holthausen, which belongs to Hagen), as well as on river terraces, stone tools and ceramic shards from the late Paleolithic to the Iron Age were discovered .

In view of Hohenlimburg, in a side valley of the Lenne near Holthausen , bone finds were made by Stone Age people in the deep " leaf cave ", including the skeletal remains of at least two of the earliest anatomically modern people in Westphalia and the Ruhr area . According to radiocarbon analysis at the universities of Kiel and Oxford, these human remains are over 10,700 years old and date from the early Mesolithic . In Europe, they are among the few human remains that have survived from this period. The research is still ongoing; the excavations in the cave, which is filled with numerous other skeletal remains and other finds, have begun. All of this, however, lies in an area that never belonged to Hohenlimburg.

Numerous human skeletal remains from the Michelsberg culture were discovered in the same cave , including the almost complete skeleton of a young woman aged 17 to 22. Investigations showed an age of around 5600 years; the finds therefore date to around 3600 BC. These Neolithic human remains, which are believed to be part of burials, are among the rare archaeological relics in Europe. The finds have been researched by an international team of scientists since 2004 and can be seen on the basis of selected objects in the Museum of Prehistory and Protohistory, Wasserschloss Werdringen .

The stone and antler tools from the end of the Magdalenian period and ceramic vessels from the Neolithic Rössen culture , which were discovered in the Oeger cave , are also of national importance . The Oeger cave is located opposite the old Hohenlimburg town center. At the beginning of the 19th century, the cave was located directly on the Lenne and was difficult to access.

Finds of a "Germanic" settlement date from the Roman Empire, as well as several coins, bronze and ceramic objects from the Migration Period and the early Middle Ages .

Major archaeological finds from Hohenlimburg and the surrounding area are shown in the Museum of Prehistory and Early History, Wasserschloss Werdringen .

middle Ages

Founding phase - it all started with homicide

Street impression in Hohenlimburg

The starting point for the history of the city and the county of Limburg is the assassination of Cologne Archbishop and Imperial Administrator Engelbert II. Von Berg in 1225 in a ravine near Gevelsberg by Count Friedrich II. Von Altena-Isenberg , who led an opposition of Westphalian aristocrats against Kurköln. Count Friedrich was banned from the papal church in 1225 and was banned from the Empire and, after his capture in 1226, was whacked in front of the Severin Gate in Cologne; his property was confiscated from Kurköln and the Counts of the Mark as "ownerless fiefs".

His son, Dietrich I. von Altena-Isenberg (later he and his descendants only called themselves "von Limburg") tried to get his inheritance back from his uncle, Count Adolf I. von der Mark . From 1232 various sources are recorded, including complaints from the Archbishop of Cologne to the Pope, which report of "attacks" by the "sons" of the executed Count Friedrich II. Von Isenberg. These sources do not contain any references to the later territory on the Lenne or the castle.

Apparently not before 1240, Count Dietrich I von Isenberg had a castle, later Hohenlimburg Castle , built in the lower Lennetal. After several years of conflict (" Isenberger Wirren "), a peace treaty was concluded in 1243 between the Counts of the Mark and Count Dietrich of Isenberg. Count Dietrich had given the castle to his uncle, Duke Heinrich IV of Limburg , and received it back as a fief. The year 1230, which was celebrated in Hohenlimburg as the “city anniversary” in 1930, 1980 and 2005, has not been historically documented and is based on speculations in local research .

The area between the lower Lenne and its confluence with the Ruhr below the Hohensyburg developed into the territory of the County of Limburg. In the north, south and west the area was bounded by the County of Mark and in the east by the Electorate of Cologne .

History - Poetry and Truth

The local Heimatverein in Hohenlimburg celebrated the 700- and 750-year anniversaries of the castle and town in 1930 and 1980, respectively. In September 2005, an anniversary celebration was held on the occasion of the “775th city anniversary”. The celebrations are based on misinterpretation and error. Hohenlimburg as a place evidently only emerged in the early modern period. The year 1230, which is regarded as the "anniversary year", is chosen completely arbitrarily and has no verifiable historical basis. Hohenlimburg and Limburg did not appear for the first time in written sources until 1242 and 1243. Before that there is not a single reference to such a place and the castle. The mentions of 1242 and 1243 refer exclusively to the castle complex; These sources also do not contain any reference to a settlement or the existence of a county. The designation as suburbium in one of these sources is not, as an Iserlohn homeland researcher has repeatedly asserted due to a mistranslation, the reference to a settlement or even a city, but refers to the outer bailey of "Limburg". It is interesting that in Hohenlimburg the return of the real "anniversaries", for example in 2002 and 2003, was not celebrated.

There is no evidence of a medieval settlement or even a town-like village, as some local researchers suspect below the castle complex. The designation "Limburg" or "High Limburg", as it can be found in written sources, referred exclusively to the castle until the beginning of the 17th century; we can only assume a small settlement directly in front of the castle complex, e.g. B. in the form of a bailey. This also corresponds to comparable situations in the run-up to other medieval castles.

The alleged market rights of 1252, which Count Dietrich I received from King Wilhelm of Holland for reasons of political alliance, which were in turn postulated by the local researcher Wilhelm Bleicher, did not refer to a settlement in the County of Limburg after careful examination by trained historians and the known sources , but rather on the entire territorial possession of the Counts of Limburg and thereby more on the rule of Styrum near Mülheim an der Ruhr , where a market has actually been occupied since that time. The mention of "market rights" is also only documented as a copy of a document from 1442, which was subsequently created. This document had a certain political background, so that further conclusions on the situation in the 13th century are problematic.

Castles, noble houses and a monastery

Wall remains of the Raffenburg
Historic Elsey Abbey Area

Raffenburg bei Hohenlimburg, which is adjacent to today's Hohenlimburg Castle, belonged to the territory of Kurköln until it was conquered in 1288 by troops of the Counts of the Mark in the "War of the Limburg Succession" and at least partially destroyed. Today the ruin with its extensive settlement findings is one of the most archaeologically important castle complexes in Westphalia. Archaeological finds from the Raffenburg and other castles in the region are shown in the Werdringen moated castle .

Above the Hohenlimburg Castle are the ramparts of the "7 Trenches", a tower hill castle which, according to archaeological finds, existed in the 13th century, but its design could date from the 12th century. Since this castle complex, which took a certain amount of time to build, cannot be found in historical sources, further considerations regarding the dating and its connection are speculative.

On the bank of the Lenne opposite the Hohenlimburg there was a women's monastery in Elsey around 1220 , which continued in the 17th century as a noble women's monastery until 1811. The parish of Elsey with the Romanesque hall church in the oldest parts developed in the course of the 13th century. Alleged references to the founding of a Carolingian church and monastery, which the local researcher Wilhelm Bleicher believed he recognized in 2003 and even published in an article, are to be referred to the realm of fable. Only a few archaeological finds from this period are known, including a Carolingian coin that had no structural findings or other connections, e.g. B. a grave finding, are not very meaningful. Larger reconstructions from the few findings from the late Middle Ages and the early modern period are highly speculative.

In Berchum and Oege, smaller aristocratic residences in the form of “permanent houses” or tower castles can be verified on the basis of written sources and building remains for the 13th century. Until its dissolution in May 1808, the county of Limburg also included Letmathe , Oestrich and Hennen , today districts of Iserlohn , and Ergste , which is now a district of Schwerte .

Castles and palaces in the county of Limburg

Hohenlimburg Castle

Sovereignty

The coat of arms of the county of Limburg

An exact and verifiable genealogical sequence of the count houses is difficult. Governing houses of the County of Limburg were:

  • Counts of (Isenberg-) Limburg (1242 to 1508), then extinguished, half by succession and contract 1460 to:
  • Counts of Neuenahr-Alpen (1542 to 1592)
  • Counts of Limburg-Broich (until 1510), half of them by succession to:
  • Count of Daun-Falkenstein (1508 to 1542), by marriage now completely to:
  • Counts of Neuenahr-Alpen (1542 to 1592), then extinct, by succession to:
  • Counts of Bentheim (from 1592)
    • Bentheim-Limburg line (1610 to 1626), then expired
    • Bentheim-Alpen line (1626 to 1629), then expired
    • Line Bentheim-Tecklenburg (1629-1817)

Civil rights (e.g. jurisdiction) remained with the princes of Bentheim-Tecklenburg from 1817 to 1834 or 1848. The palace complex and extensive property in Hohenlimburg are still owned by the Bentheim-Tecklenburg dynasty today . The Limburg archives also remained with the Princely House, so that today over 1,000 documents, 3,000 files and around 100 maps and plans from eight centuries are kept in the Princely Rheda Archive. The archive material can be used via the LWL archive office for Westphalia in Münster .

Early modern age

The copper hammer from 1571, the oldest witness of Hohenlimburg's industrial history

In the “ Cologne War ” (also: “Truchsesssche Wirren”), Hohenlimburg was besieged for six weeks in 1584 by troops from Archbishop Ernst of Bavaria and the emperor and finally conquered. The castle and the county were held until 1610. The last representative of the Count's House of Neuenahr and Moers, Count Adolf , died in 1589 in an explosive explosion in the town hall of Arnhem without any descendants.

The county of Limburg and its possessions fell to the Counts of Bentheim in 1592 , whose head of the family, Count Arnold , was married to Count Adolf's only sister, Magdalena von Neuenahr . It was not until 1610 and after the befriended Nassau-Orange rulers brokered that the Counts of Bentheim were able to take over the reign of the inherited territory. In the course of the state development under this count's house, a larger settlement developed below the castle, which in the course of the 17th century became the central location in the county of Limburg.

Until the beginning of the 18th century, the county of Limburg remained a Bergisches fiefdom. Under Count Moritz I. zu Bentheim-Tecklenburg , a gradual process of detachment from the Bergisch fiefdom began in 1650. Prior to this, the Electors of Brandenburg, as heirs to the Counts of the Mark and later also to the Bergisch Duchy, had filed several claims of ownership to the County of Limburg, most recently in 1648/49 in massive form and under threat of military measures.

Only the intervention of the influential Prince Johann Ludwig von Nassau-Hadamar , brother of Countess widow Johannetta Elisabeth zu Bentheim-Limburg , councilor at the imperial court and imperial plenipotentiary at the peace negotiations from 1645 to 1648 in Münster and Osnabrück, could an annexation be prevented. It was not until 1729 that Count Moritz Casimir I of Bentheim-Tecklenburg succeeded in dissolving the county from the Kingdom of Prussia, which had become the succession of the Dukes of Berg, and in achieving a position directly under the Empire.

Countess widow Johannetta Elisabeth, born Countess von Nassau-Dillenburg , a daughter of the historically significant Johann VI. and niece Wilhelm des Schweigers , ruled the county until her death in 1652, first for her son Wilhelm (* 1617, † 1626), then for her nephew Moritz I. von Bentheim-Tecklenburg. Especially during the Thirty Years War, the County of Limburg was able to preserve her political skill and extensive family relationships for the Count House of Bentheim . Nevertheless, Hohenlimburg Castle was occupied by imperial troops from 1633 to 1636. When they left in late autumn 1636, parts of the lower castle burned down.

A freedom - not city rights

Reformed Church Hohenlimburg

Limburg has been known as freedom since the early 17th century . The residents of the small town under the Schlossberg therefore had certain rights that were confirmed by the rulers. In 1709, Count Friedrich Moritz von Bentheim-Tecklenburg granted the town extended rights of freedom. The background to this granting of privileges, which cannot be interpreted as city law, as can be read in many publications by local history researchers, was the promotion of the economy, especially the developing wire production, and self-government.

The request for extended rights had previously been brought to the sovereign by the residents of the village. Since the county of Limburg was not directly empire or independent of a fief at that time, Count Friedrich Moritz could not give the town any city rights. To do this he should have asked the liege lord, the Elector of Brandenburg-Prussia, for permission.

Since the counts of Bentheim-Tecklenburg at the beginning of the 18th century were heavily indebted through the years of legal dispute with the House of Solms-Braunfels over the property of the county of Tecklenburg , they gladly complied with the request of their "subjects", as they had higher income in taxes and Hoped for levies. This economic background can also be seen in the certificate; the original is now on display in the permanent exhibition of the Hagen Historical Center .

For similar reasons, the Count's House also settled Jewish families in Limburg and in their county in order to collect high protection money and other taxes from the Jews. In the small Liberty Limburg alone, at the end of the 18th century, there were more Jews in relation to the number of inhabitants than z. B. in Iserlohn, which at that time was one of the largest cities in Westphalia.

The economic development of Limburg in the 18th century was determined by the production of fine wire. The Limburg wire rolls were so successful in this that they competed with the mighty Iserlohn wire stacks. As early as the second half of the 17th century, the Harkort trading company in Haspe near Hagen was purchasing large quantities of Limburg wire. The " scratching wire " was used in the further processing of wool and in the manufacture of cloth.

Between 1720 and 1756 Hohenlimburg Castle was the main residence of the Counts of Bentheim-Tecklenburg. Court life developed under Count Moritz Casimir I. The castle was rebuilt. In the run-up to this, an extensive garden was created which is currently being reconstructed. In Limburg there were court bakers, a court powder horn maker and a court gunsmith, a court preacher and other people who were more or less dependent on the count's court rulings. There is a description of the constitutional lawyer Johann Stephan Pütter , who was tutored by court preacher Stolte for around three years.

The executioner , who can be proven in Limburg as early as the 17th century and who also ran the covering shop in the county, was one of the count's servants. At the castle there was a company of soldiers who took on guard functions.

Möller monument on Burgweg

Pastor Johann Friedrich Möller (1750–1807) worked in the neighboring free worldly women's monastery Elsey . Möller belonged to the intellectual leadership class in Westphalia at the time and made a name for himself as a historian, theologian and political scientist through numerous publications. In a memorandum written by him in 1806 of the Brandenburg leadership to the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm III. Möller turned against a cession of the Prussian western provinces to France. During his lifetime, Elsey, who belongs to the County of Mark, was completely independent of Hohenlimburg.

In April 1814 the citizens of Limburg and the county of Mark erected a memorial on the "Klippchen" above the Lennetal in memory of Johann Friedrich Möller. In terms of the intention associated with Möller when it was built, this monument is one of the earliest monuments that were erected to commemorate the Wars of Liberation .

Modern times

Steel engraving from " The picturesque and romantic Westphalia "

In the first half of the 19th century, Hohenlimburg was the center of a 'romantic historical landscape' from a historical perspective that was widespread at the time. The appearance of the small town at the foot of the castle hill was shaped by the so-called Heidelberg view (Lennebrücke and town in the valley, above the castle). In 1841 Ferdinand Freiligrath had praised the small community as "Westphalian Heidelberg" in the book "The picturesque and romantic Westphalia" (Leipzig 1841; the templates for the steel engravings were made by the Hagen painter Carl Schlickum ). In the early and middle of the 19th century, Hohenlimburg was therefore the destination of numerous painters, some of whom came from the art academies in Berlin and Düsseldorf.

But the romantic appearance of (Hohen-) Limburg was more and more replaced by chimneys and factories. Industrialization also began in the Lennetal in the 19th century.

The wire rolls in Limburg and in the valleys of Nahmer and Wesselbach, which mainly work for export, were hit hard by England's continental barrier against Napoleon. Numerous businesses had to be given up by 1813.

After 1813 there was an economic revival. The Limburg wire producer Wilhelm Boecker supplied u. a. In 1817 and 1818 special wire mesh was sent to the English chemist Sir Humphry Davy for the manufacture of the safety pit light. Wire mesh, also for windows, was a main branch of local industry until the end of the 19th century.

In the first half of the 19th century, larger fabric dyeing and printing works emerged, such as the Nettmann company in Elsey and the Moritz Ribbert company, which was merged into the Gock & Sohn corporation in 1938 (closed in 1972; extensive archive holdings and numerous historical exhibits are located in the historical center Hagen) rose.

The cold rolling industry, which was established in 1830 and is still the dominant branch of industry in the Hohenlimburg area, was of great economic importance.

In 1835, the granting of city rights to Limburg according to the Prussian city code of 1831 was rejected by the government in Arnsberg due to the municipality's “confusing financial situation”. As early as 1827, Limburg was a voting city in the Märkischen electoral district and was considered a titular city .

During the revolution of 1848/1849 political associations emerged in Limburg. A free, uncensored press appeared, and bourgeois life developed. In May 1849 a security committee was formed in Limburg and the four castle cannons were brought to Iserlohn. After the bloody suppression of the Iserlohn uprising on May 17, 1849, the cannons returned to the castle three years later.

Since 1841 Limburg was the seat of the administrative office for the office of the same name, which included the rural communities of Limburg, Elsey, Letmathe and Östrich. In 1879, the name of the community was Limburg due to a Prussian state decree in High changed Limburg to confusion with Limburg an der Lahn excluded.

Recent history

A locomotive of the former Hohenlimburger Kleinbahn , installed in Hohenlimburg on Ludwigstrasse

On April 1, 1902 Elsey was incorporated. On April 1, 1903, Hohenlimburg was granted city rights according to the Prussian city code of 1856. By 1914, a lively civic life developed in the city. Industry and economy flourished. Around 1900 Hohenlimburg was an up-and-coming municipality which, before the outbreak of World War I, was one of the most productive economic locations in the Rhenish-Westphalian industrial area. During this period, the city received a railway line to the Nahmertal, which was shaped by the steel industry , with the Hohenlimburger Kleinbahn .

The First World War ended this positive development; During the Weimar Republic, Hohenlimburg was also shaped by inflation, political disputes and unemployment. After 1925 the NSDAP gained more and more importance in Hohenlimburg.

Districts of the former city of Hohenlimburg

The city of Hohenlimburg then consisted of the following districts: Hohenlimburg, Elsey , Nahmer, Wesselbach, Oege, Reh and Henkhausen.

Districts of today's district of Hagen-Hohenlimburg

Map of the Hohenlimburg district of Hagen, consisting of the "statistical districts" Hohenlimburg and Lennetal. In common parlance, "Hohenlimburg" means the statistical district of the same name.

Today's district of Hagen-Hohenlimburg includes all districts of the former city of Hohenlimburg as well as the districts of Berchum, Tiefendorf , Halden, Herbeck and Holthausen.

National Socialism 1933–1945

During National Socialism , Hohenlimburg was a regional "stronghold" of the NSDAP . In terms of population, there were more holders of the “Golden Party Badge” in the city than in many large cities. After the death of the long-standing founder of the association, Hermann Esser († 1935), the local group leader was also chairman of the " Association for Local and Local Studies ".

The Jewish members, some of whom had belonged to the Heimatverein since it was founded in 1922, were deleted from the register of associations as early as 1933, although at that time there was no legal requirement for exclusion from the association. A leading member of the Heimatverein, which was highly honored by the board of directors after 1945, denounced the Jewish butcher Albert Koppel in 1941, who thereupon was sentenced to prison in Hagen for so-called “racial disgrace” and murdered a little later in Auschwitz .

Old synagogue in Hohenlimburg

The “ Reichspogromnacht ” (9/10 November 1938) took place in Hohenlimburg in daylight on November 10th. In 1942 the last Jews living in Hohenlimburg were deported; they were murdered in concentration camps. The Old Synagogue in Hohenlimburg “survived” National Socialism and the Second World War ; today it is a memorial for the city of Hagen. Numerous objects that came from the synagogue and Jewish private property or were stolen and looted came into the possession of the local history museum.

Hohenlimburg was only marginally destroyed by bombing during the Second World War. The armaments industry in Hohenlimburg played a major role in the construction of battle tanks, for which special chassis springs were produced in the Hoesch AG spring works . At the end of 1943, the textile printing company Gätze & Sohn began manufacturing stern and rudder systems for the Fieseler 103 flying bomb (later the V 1 “retaliatory weapon”). In the summer of 1944 , Göck & Sohn received an award from the Ministry of Armaments for their performance in the V weapons program . Between 1939 and 1945 around 10,000 forced laborers and prisoners of war were "deployed" in Hohenlimburg . In the Reh district there was a “reception camp” of the Hagen Gestapo , in which not only foreign forced laborers, but also German opponents of the regime were imprisoned in the summer and autumn of 1944.

In April 1945 there was fighting between German and American troops; the large Lenne bridge, like the railway bridge in Oege, was blown up by German troops. The National Socialist Mayor Friedrich Pott, who had been in office since 1937, shot himself and his family. A total of at least 33 civilians and eight German soldiers were killed in the city center of Hohenlimburg from April 14 to 16, 1945 in house-to-house fighting and artillery fire.

Sources, photographs and literature from the Nazi era in Hohenlimburg are kept in the holdings of the city archive in the Historisches Centrum Hagen and can be viewed there within the framework of archiving regulations.

Post-war to the present

Fountain at the Elsey Memorial

In the post-war period, the Hohenlimburg industry profited from the reconstruction and motorization. Above all, the cold rolling mills, Hohenlimburg is considered to be the cradle of cold rolling, but also the textile printing company Gocken & Sohn, which was active worldwide, experienced an upswing that lasted until the late 1960s. Subsequently, the deterioration in the economic situation became noticeable - in 1972 the Gocks & Sohn company had to close. The Hagen Historical Center keeps extensive sources, photos and exhibits from the Gocks & Sohn company .

Due to the last regional reform in North Rhine-Westphalia, the city of Hohenlimburg was incorporated into the city of Hagen on January 1, 1975 . At that time, Hohenlimburg had long since lost most of the economic power it still had in the 1950s and 1960s due to the structural crisis. For example, Hohenlimburg's debt rose by 1,270 percent between 1970 and 1974. During the same period, the per capita debt in Hagen and Iserlohn only rose by 136 and 127 percent, respectively. The background was the threat of incorporation into Hagen. The city fathers tried to prevent this through a high level of debt. This assumption, which is circulating in Hohenlimburg, is not supported by any historical source. On the contrary: it was rather the economic and structural crisis that began in 1970 that led to the debt. The city director of Hohenlimburg also emphasized this several times between 1971 and 1974 to the North Rhine-Westphalian Ministry of Finance. (The correspondence is in the Hagen city archive and in the main state archive in Düsseldorf).

Since 1965, the city of Hohenlimburg has been warned several times by the Ministry of the Interior of North Rhine-Westphalia to further expand the infrastructure and municipal operations in the city area. On the other hand, for example, in 1972 the city of Hohenlimburg did not apply for large amounts of earmarked funding and therefore expired. In an internal letter in 1973, the treasurer of the city of Hohenlimburg told the North Rhine-Westphalia Ministry of the Interior that the community was about to go bankrupt. On the other hand, there was a lack of suitable commercial space to set up new businesses or to offer the existing businesses additional space for expansion. This was determined by a commission from the Ministry of Economics in 1973 and was repeatedly emphasized in letters from the city of Hohenlimburg to the state government.

Today the economic situation in Hohenlimburg has become very difficult, as large companies such as Krupp and Hoesch have rapidly reduced their production, which has led to unemployment. After the merger of Krupp and Hoesch, four Krupp factories were completely closed and Hoesch also only has two production sites. Only the cold rolling industry and spring production are still fairly potent branches of the economy. In addition to sheet metal for the automotive industry, the "shadow masks" for picture tubes in televisions and monitors are well-known products of the cold rolling mills.

Demographic statistics

On December 31, 2018, 24,272 people lived in Hohenlimburg (not including Lennetal ). Structural data of the population in Hohenlimburg (without Lennetal ):

  • Share of the population under 20 years of age: 17.4% (Hagen average: 19.4%)
  • Proportion of the population of at least 60 year olds: 31.0% (Hagen average: 28.3%)
  • Proportion of foreigners: 13.3% (Hagen average: 19.1%)

Established businesses

Cold waltz monument Stennertbrücke
  • Bilstein Group (cold strip manufacturer)
  • Cosi Stahllogistik (logistics company)
  • Heermann GmbH (wire insulation plant)
  • HKW Hohenlimburger Kalkwerke GmbH (limestone products)
  • Hohenlimburger Bauverein eG (Housing Cooperative)
  • Huesecken Wire GmbH (cold rolling mill)
  • Platzmann Federn GmbH & Co.KG (spring manufacturer)
  • Schrimpf & Schöneberg GmbH & Co.KG (spring manufacturer)
  • thyssenkrupp Hohenlimburg (steel strip manufacturer)
  • ThyssenKrupp springs and stabilizers (spring manufacturer)
  • VDF springs group (spring technology)
  • Jörg Vogelsang GmbH & Co.KG (roll pin manufacturer)
  • Waelzholz Group (cold rolling mill)

traffic

Hohenlimburg train station

A section of the federal motorway 46 from Hagen to Hemer and the federal road 7 runs through Hohenlimburg . There are two junctions to the A 46: Hagen-Hohenlimburg and Hagen-Elsey / Iserlohn-Letmathe-West, which is close to the eastern city limits of Iserlohn .

Bus traffic in Hohenlimburg is mainly carried out by Hagener Straßenbahn AG . The connection to the city center of Hagen is very close. It takes place via four bus routes, one express bus route and one night bus route. There are direct connections to the Hagen districts Vorhalle, Boele, Kabel, Altenhagen, Eilpe and Eckesey. In addition, Hohenlimburg is served by two bus routes operated by the Märkische Verkehrsgesellschaft (MVG) . They establish a connection to Iserlohn-Letmathe, Iserlohn, Hemer and partly also Menden . The central transfer point for all lines is the bus station at Hohenlimburg train station. Other bus routes go to Obernahmer and Wiblingwerde.

The at the Ruhr-Sieg railway located station is located on the edge of downtown. The Ruhr-Sieg-Express (RE 16) from Essen via Hagen, Werdohl and Finnentrop to Siegen with a wing train to Iserlohn and the Ruhr-Sieg-Bahn (RB 91) from Hagen to Siegen, also with a wing train to Iserlohn, stop here.

Culture and leisure

Hohenlimburg white water park
  • Hohenlimburg Castle Games at Hohenlimburg Castle (summer month)
  • Hoesch Hohenlimburg WerksMuseum, Bahnstrasse 13 / Langenkamp
  • Werkhof Kulturzentrum Hohenlimburg, Herrenstrasse 17
  • Theater under the castle, Katakombe Werkhof cultural center
  • Mummpitz Theater, Pfiffikus Theater, theater group “Klamauk” in the Werkhof cultural center
  • Hohenlimburg wild water park (canoe slalom course with performance center), Freiheitstrasse 1–3
  • Richard-Römer-Lennebad, Im Klosterkamp 40
  • Henkhausen outdoor pool, Hasselbachstraße 30
  • LenneArena, Elseyer Straße 69, sports arena for indoor soccer, beach volleyball, bubble ball
  • Kirchenbergstadion, Berliner Allee 54 (approx. 7500 spectators)

politics

(Hagen-) Hohenlimburg was a stronghold of the SPD from 1945 until well into the 1990s , which accordingly always provided the mayor or district head. In the 1999 local elections, the CDU became the strongest party for the first time . The first district chairman from the ranks of the CDU was Hermann Hulvershorn, whose term of office lasted from 1999 to 2009. The incumbent district mayor is Hermann-Josef Voss (CDU).

The result of the last municipal election in 2014 for the Hohenlimburg district council was:

Hohenlimburg town hall, Freiheitstrasse
Hohenlimburg town hall, Lenneseite
Party / group of voters be right Shares in% Seats
CDU 4.112 34.4 6th
SPD 3,463 28.9 5
Citizens for Hohenlimburg 1,817 15.1 2
The Greens / Alliance 90 909 7.6 1
FDP 258 2.2 -
Hagen active 583 4.9 1
The left 353 2.9 -
Pro NRW 332 2.8 -
Pirates 162 1.4 -

Mayor (until December 31, 1974):

  • 1945–1953: Heinrich Lindenberg (SPD)
  • 1953–1968: Paul Knapp (SPD)
  • 1968–1974: Hermann Scheffler (SPD)

District Head / District Mayor:

  • 1975–1989: Marie Schumann (SPD)
  • 1989–1993: Gerd Glod (SPD)
  • 1993–1996: Roswitha Deichsel (SPD)
  • 1996–1999: Klaus-Peter Kriegbaum (SPD)
  • 1999–2009: Hermann Hulvershorn (CDU)
  • since 2009: Hermann-Josef Voss (CDU)

Sons and daughters

Memorial plaque for Wilhelm Böing
  • Bernhard Asmuth , Germanist and university professor, born December 24, 1934 in Hohenlimburg
  • Gertrud Bäumer , writer, women's rights activist, doctorate in social science (1904), born September 12, 1879 in Hohenlimburg; † March 25, 1953 in Gadderbaum near Bielefeld
  • Thomas Becker , paleontologist (professor at the University of Münster since 2001; previously Humboldt University Berlin), * in Hohenlimburg
  • Moritz Casimir I of Bentheim-Tecklenburg , reg. Count of Tecklenburg, Count of Limburg and Lord of Rheda
  • Moritz Casimir II of Bentheim-Tecklenburg , reg. Count of Tecklenburg, Count of Limburg and Lord of Rheda
  • Wilhelm Bleicher , German local historian and author, recipient of the Federal Cross of Merit on ribbon, born March 5, 1940 in Hohenlimburg; † January 18, 2016 in Iserlohn
  • Bernhardine Blümel (nee Wibbelt), doctor in Berlin and Bad Pyrmont, co-founder of the German Medical Association (1950; treasurer 1950–1960), born December 21, 1900 in Hohenlimburg; † 1990.
  • Wilhelm Böing, emigrated from Limburg to the USA in 1868, then timber merchant in Detroit (USA), father of William Edward Boeing , founder of the Boeing aircraft factory, * May 3, 1846 in Limburg ad Lenne; † January 10, 1890 in Detroit / USA
  • Birgit Borris (née Sülberg), lawyer, from 1996 active in the Saxon judiciary, inter alia, as a public prosecutor, 2002 judge and 2005 presiding judge at the district court of Zwickau, 2016 appeal to the federal judge at the federal court of Karlsruhe, * 1968 in Hohenlimburg
  • Hermann Esser, elementary school principal, local researcher (Hohenlimburg and Elsey, a contribution to Westphalian local and territorial history, Dortmund 1907), * 1876 in Bürenbruch near Limburg ad Lenne; † 1935 in Hohenlimburg
  • Riki von Falken , dancer and choreographer in Berlin, * 1954 in Hohenlimburg
  • Alfred Fissmer , German local politician, son of an entrepreneurial family from Hohenlimburg, mayor (from 1919), mayor (1923–1945) and honorary citizen (1953) of the city of Siegen, holder of the Great Federal Cross of Merit , born April 27, 1878 in Limburg ad Lenne; † December 15, 1966 in Siegen
  • Robert Grosse , German ancient historian, born December 25, 1880 in Hohenlimburg; † 1968 in Hamburg
  • Jan Klare , jazz musician and composer, * 1961 in Hohenlimburg
  • Jörn Klare , journalist and book author, * 1965 in Hohenlimburg
  • Friedrich Wilhelm Korff , University Professor (Philosophy, Philosophical Seminar at the University of Hanover), 1984 Hermann Hesse Prize; 1985 Lower Saxony Artist Prize; 1985 Fellow at the Wissenschaftskolleg Berlin, born December 29, 1939 in Hohenlimburg
  • Wilhelm Ernst Graf von Lippe-Biesterfeld , direct ancestor of today's Dutch royal family, born April 15, 1777 in Limburg a. d. Lenne; † January 8, 1840 in Bayreuth
Johann Friedrich Möller [1]
  • Johann Friedrich Möller , historian, politician and theologian, called "Pastor of Elsey", who comes from the well-known entrepreneurial family Harkort on his mother's side , born December 6, 1750 in Elsey; † December 2, 1807 in Elsey
  • Franz-Peter Montforts , University Professor (Preparative Organic Chemistry at the University of Bremen), * 1948 in Hohenlimburg
  • Anke Petermann , Germanist, Romanist, radio journalist
  • Ludwig Polscher , Protestant clergyman and President of the Westphalian Provincial Synod, born March 8, 1820 in Limburg ad Lenne; † October 17, 1909 in Unna
  • Sandra Quellmann , journalist, presenter WDR * November 1977.
  • Hugo Ribbert , pathologist and university professor. Founder (1901) of the standard textbook of general pathology and pathological anatomy , which was continued with 33 editions for almost 90 years by well-known pathologists and introduced generations of German medical students to the subject of pathology. * March 1, 1855 in Elsey; † November 6, 1920 in Bonn
  • Tim Sund (* 1971), German jazz musician, born March 4, 1971 in Hohenlimburg
  • Hans-Peter Uerpmann , university professor (Prehistory and Early History; Institute for Prehistory and Early History and Archeology of the Middle Ages at the University of Tübingen), one of the leading experts in archeozoology , born October 31, 1941 in Hohenlimburg
  • Christian Willner (alias Valentin Willnowsky ), comedian, as "Emmi & Herr Willnowsky" he appears together with Christoph Dompke (alias Emmi) in the entire German-speaking area (Quatsch-Comedy Club, Berlin; Unterhaus, Mainz; Blaue Biwel, Koblenz; Metropol -Theater, Vienna; Bernhard-Theater, Zurich)
  • Fritz Witt , SS brigade leader and major general of the Waffen SS in World War II , born May 27, 1908 in Hohenlimburg; † June 14, 1944 in Venoix
  • Hermann Zabel , Germanist (professor emeritus at the Technical University of Dortmund), chairman of the Dortmund branch of the “ Society for German Language ” and holder of the Federal Cross of Merit , born January 29, 1935 in Hagen, grew up in Hohenlimburg; † January 16, 2020

coat of arms

The coat of arms of the city of Hohenlimburg largely corresponds to that of the counts and the county of Limburg (the county's lion, however, is double-tailed; see also the coat of arms of the Iserlohn district ). It is described as follows: A red, blue armored, standing, lion on a white (silver) shield.

Town twinning

Hohenlimburg chatted with the following cities twinning , which will continue from Hagen since 1975:

See also

literature

The “Heimatblätter für Hohenlimburg” (published by the Verein für Orts- und Heimatkunde Hohenlimburg eV, 1926 ff.) Should be mentioned on various historical and contemporary topics. For technical criticism see u. a. also Harm Klueting (1995), Edeltraud Klueting (1980) and Stephanie Marra (2003). A scientifically based overall presentation of the history of the county and former city of Hohenlimburg is not yet available.

Geology, paleontology and archeology

  • Andreas May: A coral horizon in the lower band slate (highest Middle Devonian) of Hohenlimburg-Elsey in the North Sauerland (Rhenish Slate Mountains). In: Berlin geoscientific treatises. E 18, 1996, pp. 209-241.
  • Doris Heidelberger, Lutz Koch : Gastropoda from the Givetian "Massenkalk" of Schwelm and Hohenlimburg (Sauerland, Rheinisches Schiefergebirge, Germany). (= Geologica et Palaeontologica. Special volume 4). Marburg 2005, ISBN 3-8185-0406-7 .
  • Lutz Koch : Mass limestone fossils from the Westphalian Devon. (= Westphalia in the picture, a picture media collection on Westphalian regional studies. Paleontology in Westphalia. 2). Münster 1986, DNB 860902226 .
  • Lutz Koch: Iron stromatolites also in the mass limestone of Hohenlimburg-Oege. In: Hohenlimburger Heimatblätter . 52, 1991, pp. 1-5.

On the history of Hohenlimburg

  • Heike Abberger: Johann Friedrich Möller (1750–1806). An overview of the life and work of the "Pastor of Elsey" at the turn of the 18th to the 19th century. In: Year of the Association for Local and Local History in the County of Mark. 93/93 1997, pp. 185-203.
  • Ralf Blank , Stephanie Marra , Gerhard E. Sollbach: Hagen. History of a city and its region. Klartext Verlag Essen 2008, ISBN 978-3-89861-893-9 .
  • Ralf Blank: "If you pass there, look up and bless your memory". Johann Friedrich Möller (1750–1807) and regional historical memory. In: Beate Hobein, Dietmar Osses (eds.): "Until the most distant, distant time ...". Hagen and its monuments. (= Hagen city history (s ). Volume 6). Hagen 1996, pp. 31-42.
  • Wilhelm Bleicher : 750 years of Hohenlimburg, Hagen 1979. (In some places incorrect and incorrect information, see the corrections among others at Klueting 1995)
  • Hermann Esser: Hohenlimburg. Dortmund 1907. (In some places incorrect and incorrect information, see the corrections among others at Klueting 1995)
  • Widbert Felka: A valuable backdrop between the Lennebrücke and the castle - the Hohenlimburg town hall was built 50 years ago. In: Heimatblätter for Hohenlimburg. H. 6, 2005.
  • Harm Klueting : Politics, economy and society in the county of Limburg (exhibition catalog of Dresdner Bank AG). Hagen 1980.
  • Harm Klueting: “There is no doubt that it is a split from Grafschaft Mark”. The county of Limburg from the 13th to the 19th century. In: Yearbook of the association for local and local history in the county of Mark. 93/93 1995, pp. 63-126.
  • Harm Klueting: The old European era and the county of Limburg in Westphalia. In: The Märker. 30 1981, pp. 67-73.
  • Harm Klueting: The police regulations and the police state of the ancien régime in the county of Limburg and the rule of Rheda. In: Hohenlimburger Heimatblätter. 39 1978, pp. 49-81.
  • Harm Klueting: Corporate affairs and corporate representation in the Westphalian county of Limburg in the 17th and 18th centuries. A contribution to the territorial constitutional history of Germany in the early modern period. In: Contributions to the history of Dortmund and the county of Mark. 70, 1976, pp. 109-201.
  • Edeltraut Klueting: The (free-worldly) aristocratic women's pen Elsey. History, constitution and manorial rule in the late Middle Ages and early modern times. (= Altenaer contributions. 14). Altena 1980.
  • Andreas Korthals: The Raffenburg. An almost forgotten Westphalian hilltop castle. In: Yearbook of the association for local and local history in the county of Mark . 98, 1998, pp. 67-83.
  • Wilfried Reininghaus: The historical work of the Elsey pastor Johann Friedrich Möller. A contribution to the Westphalian state historical research around 1800. In: Westfälische Zeitschrift. 144, 1994, pp. 135-165.
  • Stephanie Marra: "Worried about Hohenlimburg ...". The résumé and reign of Countess Johannetta Elisabeth zu Bentheim (1592–1654). In: Yearbook of the association for local and local history in the county of Mark. 99, 1999, pp. 105-137.
  • Stephanie Marra: death at the church mess. Presence and resistance of military troops in the county of Limburg 1633–1636. In: Dietrich Thier (Hrsg.): The Weather Office in the Thirty Years' War. Wetter 1998, pp. 135–146.
  • Stephanie Marra: "The wheels, heads and necks, each in front of a Loisdor ...". From executioners and knackers in the county of Limburg. In: Westphalian magazine. 151/152, 2001/2002, pp. 243-256.
  • Stephanie Marra: Countess Johannetta Elisabeth von Bentheim (1592–1654). Widow rule and guardianship government in the Thirty Years War. In: Martina Schattkowsky (Ed.): Widowhood in the early modern times. Princely and noble widows between foreign and self-determination. (= Writings on Saxon history and folklore. 6). Leipzig 2003, pp. 227–248.
  • Stephanie Marra: "Counts of the Mark, Dukes of Kleve-Mark". and "Jülich-Kleve (Hof)". In: Werner Paravicini (ed.): Courtyards and residences in the late medieval empire. Sigmaringen 2004.
  • Stephanie Marra : Counts of Isenberg-Limburg (main line Isenberg-Limburg, branch lines Broich and Styrum). In: Werner Paravicini (ed.): Courtyards and residences in the late medieval empire. Counts and gentlemen. (= Residency research. Volume 15.IV, Part 1). Thorbecke, Ostfildern 2012, pp. 698–704.
  • Stephanie Marra: Alliances of the Nobility. Dynastic action in the Grafenhaus Bentheim in the 16th and 17th centuries. Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 2007.
  • Stephanie Marra: "Counts of Tecklenburg". "Counts of Bentheim". "Counts of Limburg (main line Isenberg-Limburg, branch lines Broich and Styrum)" and "Counts of Neuenahr" In: Werner Paravicini (ed.): Courtyards and residences in the late medieval empire. Counts and gentlemen. Thorbecke Verlag, Ostfildern 2009.
  • Stephanie Marra, Ralf Blank: Main Synagogue Community Hohenlimburg. In: Frank Göttmann, Karl Hengst, Franz-Josef Jakobi, Peter Johanek (eds.): Historical manual of the Jewish communities and communities in Westphalia and Lippe. (= Publications of the Historical Commission for Westphalia XLV: Sources and research on Jewish history in Westphalia ). Munster 2007.
  • Gerhard E. Sollbach: The violent death of Archbishop Engelbert I of Cologne on November 7th, 1225. A medieval criminal case. In: Yearbook of the association for local and local history in the county of Mark. 93/94. Vol., 1995, pp. 7-49.
  • Andreas Zolper: "The excitement is increasing from hour to hour". The revolution of 1848/49 in Hagen and Hohenlimburg. (= Hagen town history (s ). 8). Hagen 1999.
  • Ralf Blank, Stephanie Marra, Gerhard E. Sollbach: Hagen. History of a city and its region. Food 2008.
  • Ralf Blank: The end of the war on the Rhine and Ruhr 1944/1945. In: Bernd-A. Rusinek (Ed.): End of the war 1945. Crimes, catastrophes, liberations from a national and international perspective. (= Dachau Symposia on Contemporary History. 4). Göttingen 2004.
  • Ralf Blank: The end of the war and the “home front” in Westphalia (introductory article for the main topic “End of the war in Westphalia”, on the occasion of Hans Mommsen's 75th birthday). In: Westphalian research. 55, 2005, pp. 361-421.
  • Walter Soennecken: The end of the war and the first post-war period. Seen from the point of view of our hometown. In: Heimatblätter for Hohenlimburg. 1955, p. 54 ff.
  • Gerhard E. Sollbach, Ralf Blank (ed.): Hagen - War Years and Post-War Period 1939–1948. (= Hagen city history (s ). 4). Hagen 1995.
  • Gerhard E. Sollbach: The Ruhr basin and the end of the war in the Dortmund - Hagen area in April 1945. In: Der Märker. 34, 1985, pp. 47-56.
  • Hermann Zabel (ed.): Hohenlimburg under the swastika. Contributions to the history of a small town in the Third Reich. Essen 1998.

Web links

Commons : Hohenlimburg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ City of Hagen: Population in the Hagen districts 2013 ( Memento from June 6, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 17 kB), accessed on January 3, 2015.
  2. ^ A b c Stephanie Reekers: The regional development of the districts and municipalities of Westphalia 1817-1967 . Aschendorff, Münster Westfalen 1977, ISBN 3-402-05875-8 , p. 247 .
  3. ↑ Historisches Centrum Hagen: Forced Laborers at Gätze & Sohn , accessed on May 1, 2013.
  4. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 329 .
  5. ↑ Volker Bremshey: Incorporation. on: Derwesten.de , February 20, 2015.
  6. ↑ Hagen. History of a city and its region. Essen 2008, pp. 513-516.
  7. ↑ Population figures of the districts
  8. ↑ Proportion of the population under 20 years of age
  9. ↑ Proportion of the population aged 60 and over
  10. ↑ Proportion of foreigners in the city districts
  11. ↑ hagen.de
  12. ↑ Wahlresults.stadt-hagen.de
  13. ↑ Volker Bremshey: From Funke to Hulvershorn. on: derwesten.de , April 7, 2012.
  14. ↑ a b holibru.eu